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  1. Artikel: Structural characterization of strawberry pomace.

    Hotchkiss, Arland T / Chau, Hoa K / Strahan, Gary D / Nuñez, Alberto / Harron, Andrew / Simon, Stefanie / White, Andre K / Dieng, Senghane / Heuberger, Eugene R / Black, Ian / Yadav, Madhav P / Welchoff, Marjorie A / Hirsch, Julie

    Heliyon

    2024  Band 10, Heft 9, Seite(n) e29787

    Abstract: Strawberries are a nutrient dense food rich in vitamins, minerals, non-nutrient antioxidant phenolics, and fibers. Strawberry fiber bioactive structures are not well characterized and limited information is available about the interaction between ... ...

    Abstract Strawberries are a nutrient dense food rich in vitamins, minerals, non-nutrient antioxidant phenolics, and fibers. Strawberry fiber bioactive structures are not well characterized and limited information is available about the interaction between strawberry fiber and phenolics. Therefore, we analyzed commercial strawberry pomace in order to provide a detailed carbohydrate structural characterization, and to associate structures with functions. The pomace fraction, which remained after strawberry commercial juice extraction, contained mostly insoluble (49.1 % vs. 5.6 % soluble dietary fiber) dietary fiber, with pectin, xyloglucan, xylan, β-glucan and glucomannan polysaccharides; glucose, fructose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, fucose and galacturonic acid free carbohydrates; protein (15.6 %), fat (8.34 %), and pelargonidin 3-glucoside (562 μg/g). Oligosaccharides from fucogalacto-xyloglucan, methyl-esterified rhamnogalacturonan I with branched arabinogalacto-side chains, rhamnogalacturonan II, homogalacturonan and β-glucan were detected by MALDI-TOF MS, NMR and glycosyl-linkage analysis. Previous reports suggest that these oligosaccharide and polysaccharide structures have prebiotic, bacterial pathogen anti-adhesion, and cholesterol-lowering activity, while anthocyanins are well-known antioxidants. A strawberry pomace microwave acid-extracted (10 min, 80 °C) fraction had high molar mass (2376 kDa) and viscosity (3.75 dL/g), with an extended rod shape. A random coil shape, that was reported previously to bind to phenolic compounds, was observed for other strawberry microwave-extracted fractions. These strawberry fiber structural details suggest that they can thicken foods, while the polysaccharide and polyphenol interaction indicates great potential as a multiple-function bioactive food ingredient important for gut and metabolic health.
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2024-04-17
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2835763-2
    ISSN 2405-8440
    ISSN 2405-8440
    DOI 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29787
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Artikel: Carrot rhamnogalacturonan I structure and composition changed during 2017 in California

    HotchkissJr., Arland T. / Chau, Hoa K. / Strahan, Gary D. / Nunez, Alberto / Harron, Andrew / Simon, Stefanie / White, Andre K. / Yadav, Madhav P. / Yeom, Hye Won

    Food hydrocolloids

    2023  Band 137, Heft -, Seite(n) 108411

    Sprache Englisch
    Dokumenttyp Artikel
    ZDB-ID 742742-6
    ISSN 0268-005X
    Datenquelle Current Contents Ernährung, Umwelt, Agrar

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  3. Artikel: Carrot rhamnogalacturonan I structure and composition changed during 2017 in California

    HotchkissJr., Arland T. / Chau, Hoa K. / Strahan, Gary D. / Nunez, Alberto / Harron, Andrew / Simon, Stefanie / White, Andre K. / Yadav, Madhav P. / Yeom, Hye Won

    Food hydrocolloids

    2023  Band 137, Heft -, Seite(n) 108411

    Sprache Englisch
    Dokumenttyp Artikel
    ZDB-ID 742742-6
    ISSN 0268-005X
    Datenquelle Current Contents Ernährung, Umwelt, Agrar

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  4. Artikel ; Online: Cumulative effects of antiandrogenic chemical mixtures and their relevance to human health risk assessment.

    Howdeshell, Kembra L / Hotchkiss, Andrew K / Gray, L Earl

    International journal of hygiene and environmental health

    2016  Band 220, Heft 2 Pt A, Seite(n) 179–188

    Abstract: Toxicological studies of defined chemical mixtures assist human health risk assessment by establishing how chemicals interact with one another to induce an effect. This paper reviews how antiandrogenic chemical mixtures can alter reproductive tract ... ...

    Abstract Toxicological studies of defined chemical mixtures assist human health risk assessment by establishing how chemicals interact with one another to induce an effect. This paper reviews how antiandrogenic chemical mixtures can alter reproductive tract development in rats with a focus on the reproductive toxicant phthalates. The reviewed studies compare observed mixture data to mathematical mixture model predictions based on dose addition or response addition to determine how the individual chemicals in a mixture interact (e.g., additive, greater, or less than additive). Phthalate mixtures were observed to act in a dose additive manner based on the relative potency of the individual phthalates to suppress fetal testosterone production. Similar dose additive effects have been reported for mixtures of phthalates with antiandrogenic pesticides of differing mechanisms of action. Overall, data from these phthalate experiments in rats can be used in conjunction with human biomonitoring data to determine individual hazard indices, and recent cumulative risk assessments in humans indicate an excess risk to antiandrogenic chemical mixtures that include phthalates only or phthalates in combination with other antiandrogenic chemicals.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Androgen Antagonists/toxicity ; Animals ; Drug Interactions ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Risk Assessment
    Chemische Substanzen Androgen Antagonists
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2016-11-19
    Erscheinungsland Germany
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
    ZDB-ID 2009176-X
    ISSN 1618-131X ; 1438-4639
    ISSN (online) 1618-131X
    ISSN 1438-4639
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.11.007
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  5. Artikel ; Online: Use of the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework to evaluate species concordance and human relevance of Dibutyl phthalate (DBP)-induced male reproductive toxicity.

    Arzuaga, Xabier / Walker, Teneille / Yost, Erin E / Radke, Elizabeth G / Hotchkiss, Andrew K

    Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)

    2019  Band 96, Seite(n) 445–458

    Abstract: Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is a phthalate ester used as a plasticizer, and solvent. Studies using rats consistently report that DBP exposure disrupts normal development of the male reproductive system in part via inhibition of androgen synthesis. However, ... ...

    Abstract Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is a phthalate ester used as a plasticizer, and solvent. Studies using rats consistently report that DBP exposure disrupts normal development of the male reproductive system in part via inhibition of androgen synthesis. However, studies using xenograft models report that in human fetal testis DBP exposure is unlikely to impair testosterone synthesis. These results question the validity of the rat model for assessment of male reproductive effects caused by DBP. The Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework was used to evaluate the available evidence for DBP-induced toxicity to the male reproductive system. Three relevant biological elements were identified: 1) fetal rats are more sensitive than other rodents and human fetal xenografts to DBP-induced anti-androgenic effects, 2) DBP-induced androgen-independent adverse outcomes are conserved amongst different mammalian models and human fetal testis xenografts, and 3) DBP-induced anti-androgenic effects are conserved in different mammalian species when exposure occurs during postnatal life stages.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Adverse Outcome Pathways ; Animals ; Dibutyl Phthalate/toxicity ; Endocrine Disruptors/toxicity ; Genitalia, Male/drug effects ; Humans ; Male
    Chemische Substanzen Endocrine Disruptors ; Dibutyl Phthalate (2286E5R2KE)
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2019-06-28
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 639342-1
    ISSN 1873-1708 ; 0890-6238
    ISSN (online) 1873-1708
    ISSN 0890-6238
    DOI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.06.009
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  6. Artikel ; Online: The impact of housing on birth outcomes in breeding macaque groups across multiple research centers.

    Haertel, Andrew J / Beisner, Brianne A / Buehler, Margaret S / Capuano, Saverio / Carrol, Kelsey E / Church, Travis / Cohen, Joyce K / Crane, Maria M / Dutton, John W / Falkenstein, Katherine P / Gill, Leanne / Hopper, Lydia M / Hotchkiss, Charlotte E / Lee, Grace H / Malinowski, Carolyn M / Mendoza, Elda / Sayers, Ken / Scorpio, Diana G / Stockinger, Diane /
    Taylor, Joshua M

    American journal of primatology

    2023  Band 85, Heft 11, Seite(n) e23554

    Abstract: Demand for nonhuman primates in research has increased over the past several years, while nonhuman primate supply remains a challenge in the United States. Global nonhuman primate supply issues make it increasingly important to maximize domestic colony ... ...

    Abstract Demand for nonhuman primates in research has increased over the past several years, while nonhuman primate supply remains a challenge in the United States. Global nonhuman primate supply issues make it increasingly important to maximize domestic colony production. To explore how housing conditions across primate breeding colonies impact infant survival and animal production more broadly, we collected medical records from 7959 rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) and 492 pigtail macaques (Macaca nemestrina) across seven breeding facilities and used generalized mixed-effect modeling to determine prenatal and infant survival odds by housing type and group size. Infant survival odds for each housing type and group size varied for prenatal, neonatal, early infant, and late infant age groups. Odds of prenatal survival were lowest in paired indoor housing and small and medium outdoor groups. No housing type performed better than large outdoor groups for neonatal survival. Odds of early infant survival was greatest in indoor and mixed indoor/outdoor housing compared to large outdoor enclosures. Large outdoor housing was associated with higher survival odds for late infant survival compared to small and medium outdoor housing. These results may influence housing choices at macaque breeding facilities hoping to maximize infant success, although there are relative care costs, the promotion of species-typical behaviors, and infrastructure factors to also consider. Our study used an interinstitutional collaboration that allowed for the analysis of more infant macaque medical records than ever before and used the broad variations across the seven national primate research centers to make the results applicable to many other facilities housing macaques.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Humans ; Pregnancy ; Female ; Animals ; Macaca mulatta ; Macaca nemestrina ; Housing, Animal ; Breeding
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-09-29
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1495834-X
    ISSN 1098-2345 ; 0275-2565
    ISSN (online) 1098-2345
    ISSN 0275-2565
    DOI 10.1002/ajp.23554
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  7. Artikel ; Online: Hazards of diethyl phthalate (DEP) exposure: A systematic review of animal toxicology studies.

    Weaver, James A / Beverly, Brandiese E J / Keshava, Nagalakshmi / Mudipalli, Anuradha / Arzuaga, Xabier / Cai, Christine / Hotchkiss, Andrew K / Makris, Susan L / Yost, Erin E

    Environment international

    2020  Band 145, Seite(n) 105848

    Abstract: Background: Diethyl phthalate (DEP) is widely used in many commercially available products including plastics and personal care products. DEP has generally not been found to share the antiandrogenic mode of action that is common among other types of ... ...

    Abstract Background: Diethyl phthalate (DEP) is widely used in many commercially available products including plastics and personal care products. DEP has generally not been found to share the antiandrogenic mode of action that is common among other types of phthalates, but there is emerging evidence that DEP may be associated with other types of health effects.
    Objective: To inform chemical risk assessment, we performed a systematic review to identify and characterize outcomes within six broad hazard categories (male reproductive, female reproductive, developmental, liver, kidney, and cancer) following exposure of nonhuman mammalian animals to DEP or its primary metabolite, monoethyl phthalate (MEP).
    Methods: A literature search was conducted in online scientific databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Toxline, Toxcenter) and Toxic Substances Control Act Submissions, augmented by review of online regulatory sources as well as forward and backward searches. Studies were selected for inclusion using PECO (Population, Exposure, Comparator, Outcome) criteria. Studies were evaluated using criteria defined a priori for reporting quality, risk of bias, and sensitivity using a domain-based approach. Evidence was synthesized by outcome and life stage of exposure, and strength of evidence was summarized into categories of robust, moderate, slight, indeterminate, or compelling evidence of no effect, using a structured framework.
    Results: Thirty-four experimental studies in animals were included in this analysis. Although no effects on androgen-dependent male reproductive development were observed following gestational exposure to DEP, there was evidence including effects on sperm following peripubertal and adult exposures, and the overall evidence for male reproductive effects was considered moderate. There was moderate evidence that DEP exposure can lead to developmental effects, with the major effect being reduced postnatal growth following gestational or early postnatal exposure; this generally occurred at doses associated with maternal effects, consistent with the observation that DEP is not a potent developmental toxicant. The evidence for liver effects was considered moderate based on consistent changes in relative liver weight at higher dose levels; histopathological and biochemical changes indicative of hepatic effects were also observed, but primarily in studies that had significant concerns for risk of bias and sensitivity. The evidence for female reproductive effects was considered slight based on few reports of statistically significant effects on maternal body weight gain, organ weight changes, and pregnancy outcomes. Evidence for cancer and effects on kidney were judged to be indeterminate based on limited evidence (i.e., a single two-year cancer bioassay) and inconsistent findings, respectively.
    Conclusions: These results suggest that DEP exposure may induce androgen-independent male reproductive toxicity (i.e., sperm effects) as well as developmental toxicity and hepatic effects, with some evidence of female reproductive toxicity. More research is warranted to fully evaluate these outcomes and strengthen confidence in this database.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Animals ; Female ; Liver ; Male ; Neoplasms ; Phthalic Acids/toxicity ; Pregnancy ; Reproduction ; Risk Assessment
    Chemische Substanzen Phthalic Acids ; diethyl phthalate (UF064M00AF)
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2020-09-19
    Erscheinungsland Netherlands
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Review ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 554791-x
    ISSN 1873-6750 ; 0160-4120
    ISSN (online) 1873-6750
    ISSN 0160-4120
    DOI 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105848
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  8. Artikel: An environmental androgen, 17beta-trenbolone, affects delayed-type hypersensitivity and reproductive tissues in male mice.

    Hotchkiss, Andrew K / Nelson, Randy J

    Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A

    2007  Band 70, Heft 2, Seite(n) 138–140

    Abstract: Recently, a growth promoter for farm animals, trenbolone acetate, was identified as an environmental androgen that potentially affects reproduction. Because androgens also suppress immunity, it was hypothesized that an active metabolite of trenbolone ... ...

    Abstract Recently, a growth promoter for farm animals, trenbolone acetate, was identified as an environmental androgen that potentially affects reproduction. Because androgens also suppress immunity, it was hypothesized that an active metabolite of trenbolone acetate, 17beta-trenbolone (TB), might impair immune responses. Castrated adult CD-1 mice were injected daily with either one of two different doses of 17beta-trenbolone (TB), testosterone propionate (TP), or corn oil (vehicle). The antigen-specific immune response was assessed by measuring delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses. Reproductive response was assessed by measuring reproductive tissue mass and determining testosterone concentrations. Mice treated with TB or TP displayed larger reproductive tissue mass than males treated with corn oil. Furthermore, males exposed to the highest dose of TB displayed a reduced DTH response compared to vehicle-treated animals. In comparison, TP, at a similar dose, only minimally reduced the DTH response. These data support the reproductive and potentially immunosuppressive effects of this environmental androgen, and raise the possibility of health concerns for individuals or populations in contact with high concentrations of TB.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Anabolic Agents/toxicity ; Androgens/toxicity ; Animals ; Castration ; Dinitrofluorobenzene ; Genitalia, Male/drug effects ; Genitalia, Male/growth & development ; Hypersensitivity, Delayed/chemically induced ; Immunosuppressive Agents/toxicity ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Organ Size/drug effects ; Trenbolone Acetate/analogs & derivatives ; Trenbolone Acetate/toxicity
    Chemische Substanzen Anabolic Agents ; Androgens ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Dinitrofluorobenzene (D241E059U6) ; Trenbolone Acetate (RUD5Y4SV0S)
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2007-01-15
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 1413345-3
    ISSN 1528-7394 ; 0098-4108 ; 1087-2620
    ISSN 1528-7394 ; 0098-4108 ; 1087-2620
    DOI 10.1080/15287390600755091
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  9. Artikel ; Online: Rebuttal of

    Gray, Leon Earl / Ryan, Bryce / Hotchkiss, Andrew K / Crofton, Kevin M

    Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology

    2010  Band 115, Heft 2, Seite(n) 614–620

    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2010-03-05
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 1420885-4
    ISSN 1096-0929 ; 1096-6080
    ISSN (online) 1096-0929
    ISSN 1096-6080
    DOI 10.1093/toxsci/kfq073
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  10. Artikel: Hazards of diethyl phthalate (DEP) exposure: A systematic review of animal toxicology studies

    Weaver, James A / Beverly, Brandiese E.J / Keshava, Nagalakshmi / Mudipalli, Anuradha / Arzuaga, Xabier / Cai, Christine / Hotchkiss, Andrew K / Makris, Susan L / Yost, Erin E

    Environment international. 2020 Dec., v. 145

    2020  

    Abstract: Diethyl phthalate (DEP) is widely used in many commercially available products including plastics and personal care products. DEP has generally not been found to share the antiandrogenic mode of action that is common among other types of phthalates, but ... ...

    Abstract Diethyl phthalate (DEP) is widely used in many commercially available products including plastics and personal care products. DEP has generally not been found to share the antiandrogenic mode of action that is common among other types of phthalates, but there is emerging evidence that DEP may be associated with other types of health effects.To inform chemical risk assessment, we performed a systematic review to identify and characterize outcomes within six broad hazard categories (male reproductive, female reproductive, developmental, liver, kidney, and cancer) following exposure of nonhuman mammalian animals to DEP or its primary metabolite, monoethyl phthalate (MEP).A literature search was conducted in online scientific databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Toxline, Toxcenter) and Toxic Substances Control Act Submissions, augmented by review of online regulatory sources as well as forward and backward searches. Studies were selected for inclusion using PECO (Population, Exposure, Comparator, Outcome) criteria. Studies were evaluated using criteria defined a priori for reporting quality, risk of bias, and sensitivity using a domain-based approach. Evidence was synthesized by outcome and life stage of exposure, and strength of evidence was summarized into categories of robust, moderate, slight, indeterminate, or compelling evidence of no effect, using a structured framework.Thirty-four experimental studies in animals were included in this analysis. Although no effects on androgen-dependent male reproductive development were observed following gestational exposure to DEP, there was evidence including effects on sperm following peripubertal and adult exposures, and the overall evidence for male reproductive effects was considered moderate. There was moderate evidence that DEP exposure can lead to developmental effects, with the major effect being reduced postnatal growth following gestational or early postnatal exposure; this generally occurred at doses associated with maternal effects, consistent with the observation that DEP is not a potent developmental toxicant. The evidence for liver effects was considered moderate based on consistent changes in relative liver weight at higher dose levels; histopathological and biochemical changes indicative of hepatic effects were also observed, but primarily in studies that had significant concerns for risk of bias and sensitivity. The evidence for female reproductive effects was considered slight based on few reports of statistically significant effects on maternal body weight gain, organ weight changes, and pregnancy outcomes. Evidence for cancer and effects on kidney were judged to be indeterminate based on limited evidence (i.e., a single two-year cancer bioassay) and inconsistent findings, respectively.These results suggest that DEP exposure may induce androgen-independent male reproductive toxicity (i.e., sperm effects) as well as developmental toxicity and hepatic effects, with some evidence of female reproductive toxicity. More research is warranted to fully evaluate these outcomes and strengthen confidence in this database.
    Schlagwörter adults ; bioassays ; body weight changes ; chemical risk assessment ; databases ; developmental toxicity ; diethyl phthalate ; environment ; females ; histopathology ; kidneys ; liver ; males ; mammals ; maternal exposure ; mechanism of action ; metabolites ; reproductive toxicology ; risk ; spermatozoa ; systematic review ; tissue weight
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf 2020-12
    Erscheinungsort Elsevier Ltd
    Dokumenttyp Artikel
    Anmerkung NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 554791-x
    ISSN 1873-6750 ; 0160-4120
    ISSN (online) 1873-6750
    ISSN 0160-4120
    DOI 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105848
    Datenquelle NAL Katalog (AGRICOLA)

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