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  1. Buch: Adding lamivudine to zidovudine containing regimens

    Anis, Aslam H.

    the CAESAR study

    (PharmacoEconomics ; 15, Suppl. 1)

    1999  

    Verfasserangabe guest ed. Aslam H. Anis
    Serientitel PharmacoEconomics ; 15, Suppl. 1
    Überordnung
    Sprache Englisch
    Umfang 76 S. : graph. Darst.
    Verlag Adis
    Erscheinungsort Auckland u.a.
    Erscheinungsland Neuseeland
    Dokumenttyp Buch
    HBZ-ID HT010405326
    Datenquelle Katalog ZB MED Medizin, Gesundheit

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    Verfügbar in ZB MED Köln/Königswinter

    SignaturLeihstatusStandort
    Zs A 3579 -15,Suppl.1- nicht ausleihbar Zeitschriften-Lesesaal

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  2. Artikel ; Online: The impact of proposed price regulations on new patented medicine launches in Canada: a retrospective cohort study.

    Zhang, Wei / Sun, Huiying / Guh, Daphne P / Grootendorst, Paul / Hollis, Aidan / Anis, Aslam H

    CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne

    2024  Band 196, Heft 20, Seite(n) E691–E701

    Abstract: Background: The Patented Medicine Prices Review Board (PMPRB), the agency that regulates the prices of patented medicines in Canada, published proposed amendments to the regulatory framework in December 2017. Because of a series of changes and delays, ... ...

    Abstract Background: The Patented Medicine Prices Review Board (PMPRB), the agency that regulates the prices of patented medicines in Canada, published proposed amendments to the regulatory framework in December 2017. Because of a series of changes and delays, the revised policy has not yet been finalized. We sought to evaluate the potential early impact of the uncertainty about the PMPRB policy on patented-medicine launches.
    Methods: We developed a retrospective cohort of patented medicines (molecules) sold in Canada and the 13 countries that the PMPRB currently uses or has proposed to use as price comparators, from sales data from the IQVIA MIDAS database for 2012-2021. The outcome was whether a molecule was launched (i.e., sold) in a specific country within 2 years of its global first launch (2-yr launch). We compared the change of 2-year launch before (2012-2017) and after the proposed amendments were published ("uncertain period," 2018-2021) in Canada with the change in the United States and the other 12 countries as a group ("other-countries group"), using interrupted time series and logistic regressions, respectively. We further conducted analyses for each individual country and subgroups by molecule characteristics, such as therapeutic benefit, separately.
    Results: We included 242 and 107 new molecules launched before publication of the proposed amendments and during the uncertain period, respectively. The corresponding 2-year launch proportions were 45.0% and 30.8% in Canada, 81.4% and 82.2% in the US, and 83.9% and 70.1% in the other-countries group. All analyses showed changes in 2-year launch during the uncertain period in the US and in the other-countries group that were similar to the changes in Canada. Greater decreases were observed in Norway and Sweden than in Canada. The 2-year launch proportion for molecules with major therapeutic benefit decreased from 45.8% to 31.3% in Canada during the uncertain period and from 87.5% to 62.5% in the other-countries group, but increased from 91.7% to 100% in the US.
    Interpretation: No negative impact of the PMPRB-policy uncertainty on molecule launches was observed when comparing Canada with price-comparator countries, except for molecules with major therapeutic benefit. The reduction in launches of medicines with major therapeutic benefit in Canada requires continuing investigation.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Canada ; Retrospective Studies ; Humans ; Patents as Topic/legislation & jurisprudence ; Drug Costs/legislation & jurisprudence ; United States ; Commerce/legislation & jurisprudence ; Commerce/economics
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2024-05-26
    Erscheinungsland Canada
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 215506-0
    ISSN 1488-2329 ; 0008-4409 ; 0820-3946
    ISSN (online) 1488-2329
    ISSN 0008-4409 ; 0820-3946
    DOI 10.1503/cmaj.231485
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  3. Artikel ; Online: The impact of changing the reference countries on the list prices for patented medicines in Canada: A policy analysis.

    Zhang, Wei / Guh, Daphne P / Grootendorst, Paul / Hollis, Aidan / Anis, Aslam H

    Health policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands)

    2024  Band 144, Seite(n) 105064

    Abstract: Background: Canada's Patented Medicine Prices Review Board (PMPRB) uses external and internal reference pricing (IRP) to regulate patented drug list prices. PMPRB has changed external reference countries from 7 to 11 to include countries with prices ... ...

    Abstract Background: Canada's Patented Medicine Prices Review Board (PMPRB) uses external and internal reference pricing (IRP) to regulate patented drug list prices. PMPRB has changed external reference countries from 7 to 11 to include countries with prices closer to the OECD median. We examined the impact on the list prices for patented medicines had the amendment been implemented from 2013.
    Methods: Using IQVIA MIDAS® quarterly sales data, we selected branded products that were launched in Canada in 2013-2018. The list price for each product in each country was calculated as its average annual price during the 3rd year post Canadian launch. The median international price (MIP) was the median of the list prices of PMPRB7 (MIP7) and PMPRB11 (MIP11). We assumed the same IRP would be (scenario 1) or would not be used (scenario 2).
    Results: Among the selected 400 products, 80.3 % (321) had MIP7 and MIP11 (launched in at least one reference country); 18.3 % did not have MIP11. The total current expenditures were $7,134.4 M. In scenario 1, MIP11 would not be binding for most products and expenditures would decline only by 0.7 %. If IRP were abolished, expenditures might decline by 14.1 % if the launching sequence would not change.
    Conclusions: MIP11 might not be binding for most medicines. The impact depends on whether to retain the IRP and approaches taken for medicines without MIP11.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Canada ; Patents as Topic ; Drug Costs ; Humans ; Policy Making ; Commerce/economics
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2024-04-07
    Erscheinungsland Ireland
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 605805-x
    ISSN 1872-6054 ; 0168-8510
    ISSN (online) 1872-6054
    ISSN 0168-8510
    DOI 10.1016/j.healthpol.2024.105064
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Artikel ; Online: Patient-reported mental health and well-being trajectories in oncology patients during radiation therapy: an exploratory retrospective cohort analysis using the Ontario Cancer Registry.

    Kwon, Jae-Yung / Kopec, Jacek / Sutherland, Jason M / Lambert, Leah K / Anis, Aslam H / Sawatzky, Richard

    Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation

    2023  Band 32, Heft 10, Seite(n) 2899–2909

    Abstract: Purpose: Mental health and well-being trajectories are not expected to be homogeneous in diverse clinical populations. This exploratory study aims to identify subgroups of patients with cancer receiving radiation therapy who have different mental health ...

    Abstract Purpose: Mental health and well-being trajectories are not expected to be homogeneous in diverse clinical populations. This exploratory study aims to identify subgroups of patients with cancer receiving radiation therapy who have different mental health and well-being trajectories, and examine which socio-demographic, physical symptoms, and clinical variables are associated with such trajectories.
    Methods: Retrospective analysis of radiation therapy patients diagnosed with cancer in 2017 was conducted using data from the Ontario Cancer Registry (Canada) and linked with administrative health data. Mental health and well-being were measured using items from the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System-revised questionnaire. Patients completed up to 6 repeated measurements. We used latent class growth mixture models to identify heterogeneous mental health trajectories of anxiety, depression, and well-being. Bivariate multinomial logistic regressions were conducted to explore variables associated with the latent classes (subgroups).
    Results: The cohort (N = 3416) with a mean age of 64.5 years consisted of 51.7% females. Respiratory cancer was the most common diagnosis (30.4%) with moderate to severe comorbidity burden. Four latent classes with distinct anxiety, depression, and well-being trajectories were identified. Decreasing mental health and well-being trajectories are associated with being female; living in neighborhoods with lower income, greater population density, and higher proportion of foreign-born individuals; and having higher comorbidity burden.
    Conclusions: The findings highlight the importance of considering social determinants of mental health and well-being, in addition to symptoms and clinical variables, when providing care for patients undergoing radiation therapy.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Mental Health ; Retrospective Studies ; Ontario/epidemiology ; Quality of Life/psychology ; Cohort Studies ; Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Patient Reported Outcome Measures ; Depression/epidemiology ; Depression/psychology
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-05-04
    Erscheinungsland Netherlands
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1161148-0
    ISSN 1573-2649 ; 0962-9343
    ISSN (online) 1573-2649
    ISSN 0962-9343
    DOI 10.1007/s11136-023-03430-0
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 3796: Hefte anzeigen Standort:
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  5. Artikel ; Online: Distinguishing symptom patterns in adults newly diagnosed with cancer: a latent class analysis.

    Wallström, Sara / Sutherland, Jason M / Kopec, Jacek A / Anis, Aslam H / Sawatzky, Richard

    Journal of pain and symptom management

    2022  Band 64, Heft 2, Seite(n) 146–155

    Abstract: Context: Socio-demographic differences, including place of residence, socio-economic status, ethnicity, and gender, have been associated with various inequities in cancer care outcomes.: Objectives: The aims were to distinguish subgroups of patients ... ...

    Abstract Context: Socio-demographic differences, including place of residence, socio-economic status, ethnicity, and gender, have been associated with various inequities in cancer care outcomes.
    Objectives: The aims were to distinguish subgroups of patients with different symptom patterns at the time of the initial oncology visit and determine which clinical and socio-demographic variables are associated the different symptom patterns.
    Method: Responses to the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale- revised and clinical and socio-demographic variables were obtained via the Ontario Cancer Registry and linked health data files. Latent class analyses were conducted to identify and compare the subgroups.
    Results: The cohort (n = 216,110) with a mean age of 64.5 years consisted of 54.1% women. The analyses identified six latent classes (proportions ranging from 0.09 to 0.31) with distinct symptom patterns, including: 1) many severe symptoms, 2) many less severe symptoms, 3) predominantly mild symptoms, 4) severe psychosocial symptoms, 5) severe somatic symptoms, 6) few symptoms. The subgroups were associated not only with clinical differences (diagnoses and functional status), but also with various socio-demographic (age, sex) and community characteristics (neighborhood income, proportion of foreign born, rurality).
    Conclusion: The results indicated that there were substantial differences in symptom patterns at the time of the initial oncology visit, which were associated with both clinical diagnoses and socio-demographic differences. These results point to the importance of taking the social situation of patients into account, and not just diagnosis, to better understand differences in symptom patterns of people living with cancer.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Adult ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Latent Class Analysis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Neoplasms/therapy ; Social Class ; Symptom Assessment
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-04-21
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 639142-4
    ISSN 1873-6513 ; 0885-3924
    ISSN (online) 1873-6513
    ISSN 0885-3924
    DOI 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2022.04.172
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Artikel ; Online: Modeling Tiered Pricing Frameworks: A Simulation Approach.

    Moradpour, Javad / Zhang, Wei / Grootendorst, Paul / Anis, Aslam H / Hollis, Aidan

    Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research

    2022  Band 26, Heft 3, Seite(n) 351–358

    Abstract: Objective: Drug plans take different approaches to determining reimbursement prices for generic drugs. One common approach is to set the maximum reimbursement price as a percentage of the price of the interchangeable branded drug. In many countries this ...

    Abstract Objective: Drug plans take different approaches to determining reimbursement prices for generic drugs. One common approach is to set the maximum reimbursement price as a percentage of the price of the interchangeable branded drug. In many countries this percentage depends on the number of generic entrants, a model we call "tiered pricing." This paper seeks to enhance understanding of how to set the tiers.
    Methods: We construct a simple model of tiered pricing and set parameters to match evidence on generic drug costs and the distribution of revenues. Using simulation methods, we then assess different tier structures in terms of total surplus and average drug cost.
    Results: We find when tiers are bunched tightly together welfare outcomes are poor. Moreover, there are large welfare gains from increasing the number of tiers from one to two, and only small welfare gains from increasing the number of tiers beyond four.
    Conclusions: The choice of tiers has substantial welfare and cost implications. While it is possible to refine the simulation analysis based on specific market characteristics, an optimal tier structure, such as the one we propose in the paper, should have at least two tiers.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Humans ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Drug Costs ; Drugs, Generic ; Social Welfare
    Chemische Substanzen Drugs, Generic
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-11-15
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1471745-1
    ISSN 1524-4733 ; 1098-3015
    ISSN (online) 1524-4733
    ISSN 1098-3015
    DOI 10.1016/j.jval.2022.11.003
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  7. Artikel ; Online: Comparing the use of aggregate data and various methods of integrating individual patient data to network meta-analysis and its application to first-line ART.

    Kanters, Steve / Karim, Mohammad Ehsanul / Thorlund, Kristian / Anis, Aslam H / Zoratti, Michael / Bansback, Nick

    BMC medical research methodology

    2021  Band 21, Heft 1, Seite(n) 60

    Abstract: Background: The 2018 World Health Organization HIV guidelines were based on the results of a network meta-analysis (NMA) of published trials. This study employed individual patient-level data (IPD) and aggregate data (AgD) and meta-regression methods to ...

    Abstract Background: The 2018 World Health Organization HIV guidelines were based on the results of a network meta-analysis (NMA) of published trials. This study employed individual patient-level data (IPD) and aggregate data (AgD) and meta-regression methods to assess the evidence supporting the WHO recommendations and whether they needed any refinements.
    Methods: Access to IPD from three trials was granted through ClinicalStudyDataRequest.com (CSDR). Seven modelling approaches were applied and compared: 1) Unadjusted AgD network meta-analysis (NMA) - the original analysis; 2) AgD-NMA with meta-regression; 3) Two-stage IPD-AgD NMA; 4) Unadjusted one-stage IPD-AgD NMA; 5) One-stage IPD-AgD NMA with meta-regression (one-stage approach); 6) Two-stage IPD-AgD NMA with empirical-priors (empirical-priors approach); 7) Hierarchical meta-regression IPD-AgD NMA (HMR approach). The first two were the models used previously. Models were compared with respect to effect estimates, changes in the effect estimates, coefficient estimates, DIC and model fit, rankings and between-study heterogeneity.
    Results: IPD were available for 2160 patients, representing 6.5% of the evidence base and 3 of 24 edges. The aspect of the model affected by the choice of modeling appeared to differ across outcomes. HMR consistently generated larger intervals, often with credible intervals (CrI) containing the null value. Discontinuations due to adverse events and viral suppression at 96 weeks were the only two outcomes for which the unadjusted AgD NMA would not be selected. For the first, the selected model shifted the principal comparison of interest from an odds ratio of 0.28 (95% CrI: 10.17, 0.44) to 0.37 (95% CrI: 0.23, 0.58). Throughout all outcomes, the regression estimates differed substantially between AgD and IPD methods, with the latter being more often larger in magnitude and statistically significant.
    Conclusions: Overall, the use of IPD often impacted the coefficient estimates, but not sufficiently as to necessitate altering the final recommendations of the 2018 WHO Guidelines. Future work should examine the features of a network where adjustments will have an impact, such as how much IPD is required in a given size of network.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Humans ; Network Meta-Analysis ; Odds Ratio ; Regression Analysis ; Research Design ; Research Report
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2021-03-30
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1471-2288
    ISSN (online) 1471-2288
    DOI 10.1186/s12874-021-01254-5
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Artikel ; Online: The Impact of Tiered-Pricing Framework on Generic Entry in Canada.

    Zhang, Wei / Sun, Huiying / Guh, Daphne P / Lynd, Larry D / Hollis, Aidan / Grootendorst, Paul / Anis, Aslam H

    International journal of health policy and management

    2022  Band 11, Heft 6, Seite(n) 768–776

    Abstract: Background: Generic drug prices have been capped at specified percentages of the interchangeable branded drug's price by the Canadian provincial public drug plans since 1993. The Pan-Canadian Pharmaceutical Alliance, formed as a coalition by the ... ...

    Abstract Background: Generic drug prices have been capped at specified percentages of the interchangeable branded drug's price by the Canadian provincial public drug plans since 1993. The Pan-Canadian Pharmaceutical Alliance, formed as a coalition by the provinces/territories in Canada, implemented an alternative approach, a tiered-pricing framework (TPF) for new generic drugs on April 1, 2014, under which the percentage varies with the number of generic firms in each market. We evaluate the impact of the TPF on generic entry, ie, listing in public drug plans in Canada.
    Methods: Our study compared the pre-TPF period (01/01/2012-03/31/2014) with the TPF period (04/01/2014- 06/30/2016). Prescription drugs from nine provincial public drug plans were grouped into a "market" if they had the same active ingredient and strength, route of administration, and dosage form. Each "market" was contestable by generics and met the eligibility criteria for TPF. At the "market" level, Cox proportional-hazards models with time-varying covariates were used to measure the impact of the TPF on the first generic listing in any provincial public drug plan in Canada relative to the first launch date worldwide.
    Results: A total of 189 markets in Canada were selected for the analyses. Generic drugs in small markets were more likely to be listed in Canada during the TPF period compared to the pre-TPF period (hazard ratio [HR], 95% CI: 3.81, 1.51-9.62). There was no significant difference in generic drug listings in large markets between the two policy periods.
    Conclusion: TPF speeds up generic entry in small markets and generates the benefits of generic competition while avoiding the pitfalls of the previously employed price-cap regulations.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Canada ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Drug Costs ; Drug Industry ; Drugs, Generic ; Economic Competition ; Humans
    Chemische Substanzen Drugs, Generic
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-06-01
    Erscheinungsland Iran
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2724317-5
    ISSN 2322-5939 ; 2322-5939
    ISSN (online) 2322-5939
    ISSN 2322-5939
    DOI 10.34172/ijhpm.2020.215
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  9. Artikel ; Online: Working From Home During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Association With Work Productivity Loss Among Patients and Caregivers.

    Zhang, Wei / Sun, Huiying / Gelfand, Aaron / Sawatzky, Richard / Pearce, Alison / Anis, Aslam H / Prescott, Katrina / Lee, Christine

    Journal of occupational and environmental medicine

    2022  Band 64, Heft 11, Seite(n) e677–e684

    Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to measure the association of working from home (WFH) with work productivity loss due to caregiving responsibilities or health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic.: Methods: We conducted an online survey of ... ...

    Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to measure the association of working from home (WFH) with work productivity loss due to caregiving responsibilities or health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic.
    Methods: We conducted an online survey of family/friend caregivers (n = 150 WFH/75 non-WFH) and patients (n = 95/91) who worked during the past 7 days in May and July 2020, respectively. Absenteeism and presenteeism were measured using the Valuation of Lost Productivity questionnaire.
    Results: Working from home was associated with higher odds of absenteeism (odds ratio, 2.53; 95% confidence interval, 1.11 to 5.77) and presenteeism (2.79; 1.26 to 6.18) among caregivers and higher odds of presenteeism among patients (2.78; 1.13 to 6.84). However, among caregivers with absenteeism more than 0 days, WFH was significantly associated with fewer absent workdays.
    Conclusions: Working from home was not associated with overall absenteeism and presenteeism in caregivers or patients. Working from home allows a more flexible and inclusive workplace without impacting productivity, although further research is needed.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Humans ; Caregivers ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Efficiency ; Presenteeism ; Absenteeism ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-08-08
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1223932-x
    ISSN 1536-5948 ; 1076-2752
    ISSN (online) 1536-5948
    ISSN 1076-2752
    DOI 10.1097/JOM.0000000000002663
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Artikel: A ban on "private label" generic pharmaceuticals

    Anis, Aslam H / Harvard, Stephanie

    International journal of the economics of business Vol. 22, No. 2 , p. 219-229

    legal and economic context

    2015  Band 22, Heft 2, Seite(n) 219–229

    Verfasserangabe Aslam H. Anis and Stephanie Harvard
    Schlagwörter Generic ; Pharmaceuticals ; Drug Prices ; Regulations ; Vertical Integration ; Competition
    Sprache Englisch
    Verlag Routledge
    Erscheinungsort Abingdon, Oxfordshire
    Dokumenttyp Artikel
    ZDB-ID 1196953-2 ; 2069487-8
    ISSN 0962-1369
    ISSN 0962-1369
    Datenquelle ECONomics Information System

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