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  1. Artikel ; Online: Growth and Characterization of Sputtered InAlN Nanorods on Sapphire Substrates for Acetone Gas Sensing

    Ray-Hua Horng / Po-Hsiang Cho / Jui-Che Chang / Anoop Kumar Singh / Sheng-Yuan Jhang / Po-Liang Liu / Dong-Sing Wuu / Samiran Bairagi / Cheng-Hsu Chen / Kenneth Järrendahl / Ching-Lien Hsiao

    Nanomaterials, Vol 14, Iss 1, p

    2023  Band 26

    Abstract: The demand for highly sensitive and selective gas sensors has been steadily increasing, driven by applications in various fields such as environmental monitoring, healthcare, and industrial safety. In this context, ternary alloy indium aluminum nitride ( ... ...

    Abstract The demand for highly sensitive and selective gas sensors has been steadily increasing, driven by applications in various fields such as environmental monitoring, healthcare, and industrial safety. In this context, ternary alloy indium aluminum nitride (InAlN) semiconductors have emerged as a promising material for gas sensing due to their unique properties and tunable material characteristics. This work focuses on the fabrication and characterization of InAlN nanorods grown on sapphire substrates using an ultra-high vacuum magnetron sputter epitaxy with precise control over indium composition and explores their potential for acetone-gas-sensing applications. Various characterization techniques, including XRD, SEM, and TEM, demonstrate the structural and morphological insights of InAlN nanorods, making them suitable for gas-sensing applications. To evaluate the gas-sensing performance of the InAlN nanorods, acetone was chosen as a target analyte due to its relevance in medical diagnostics and industrial processes. The results reveal that the InAlN nanorods exhibit a remarkable sensor response of 2.33% at 600 ppm acetone gas concentration at an operating temperature of 350 °C, with a rapid response time of 18 s. Their high sensor response and rapid response make InAlN a viable candidate for use in medical diagnostics, industrial safety, and environmental monitoring.
    Schlagwörter acetone gas sensor ; InAlN ; magnetron sputtering ; nanorods ; sapphire ; DFT ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 621
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag MDPI AG
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  2. Artikel ; Online: Influence of Surface Treatments on Erosion Behavior of Various Steel Alloys- A Literature Review

    Sunil Kumar / Vijay Kumar / Anoop Kumar Singh / Sani Kumar Singh

    Tribology Online, Vol 13, Iss 5, Pp 254-

    2018  Band 261

    Abstract: This literature study is based on the research work conducted in the field of erosion behavior of steel alloys. The focus is on the surface modification of the steel alloys by heat treatment, surface hardening and surface coating methods. Laser cladding ... ...

    Abstract This literature study is based on the research work conducted in the field of erosion behavior of steel alloys. The focus is on the surface modification of the steel alloys by heat treatment, surface hardening and surface coating methods. Laser cladding and laser hardening processes are also explained. The influence of tribological parameters on the erosion is explained. Steel alloys are chosen because of a wide number of applications due to their excellent properties. Efforts have been made to understand the cause and the remedial action towards the improvements in wear performance. Suitable surface treatment method on the steel alloys may definitely do this work but there should be a need of proper control over the process parameters. The environmental conditions of the laboratory are differing from the real working environment. Hence, the results which are satisfactory at the laboratory are not doing well in real place of application.
    Schlagwörter erosion ; heat treatment ; surface hardening ; thermal spray coating ; Physics ; QC1-999 ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Mechanical engineering and machinery ; TJ1-1570 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 669
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2018-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag Japanese Society of Tribologists
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  3. Artikel ; Online: The Effect of Annealing Ambience on the Material and Photodetector Characteristics of Sputtered ZnGa 2 O 4 Films

    Anoop Kumar Singh / Shiau-Yuan Huang / Po-Wei Chen / Jung-Lung Chiang / Dong-Sing Wuu

    Nanomaterials, Vol 11, Iss 2316, p

    2021  Band 2316

    Abstract: Spinel ZnGa 2 O 4 films were grown on c-plane sapphire substrates at the substrate temperature of 400 °C by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering. Post thermal annealing was employed at the annealing temperature of 700 °C in order to enhance their crystal ...

    Abstract Spinel ZnGa 2 O 4 films were grown on c-plane sapphire substrates at the substrate temperature of 400 °C by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering. Post thermal annealing was employed at the annealing temperature of 700 °C in order to enhance their crystal quality. The effect of thermal annealing on the microstructural and optoelectronic properties of ZnGa 2 O 4 films was systematically investigated in various ambiences, such as air, nitrogen, and oxygen. The X-ray diffraction patterns of annealed ZnGa 2 O 4 films showed the crystalline structure to have (111) crystallographic planes. Transmission electron micrographs verified that ZnGa 2 O 4 film annealed under air ambience possesses a quasi-single-crystalline structure. This ZnGa 2 O 4 film annealed under air ambience exhibited a smooth surface, an excellent average transmittance above 82% in the visible region, and a wide bandgap of 5.05 eV. The oxygen vacancies under different annealing ambiences were revealed a substantial impact on the material and photodetector characteristics by X-ray photoelectron spectrum investigations. ZnGa 2 O 4 film exhibits optimal performance as a metal-semiconductor-metal photodetector when annealed under air ambience. Under these conditions, ZnGa 2 O 4 film exhibits a higher photo/dark current ratio of ~10 4 order, as well as a high responsivity of 2.53 A/W at the bias of 5 V under an incident optical light of 240 nm. These results demonstrate that quasi-single-crystalline ZnGa 2 O 4 films have significant potential in deep-ultraviolet applications.
    Schlagwörter ZnGa 2 O 4 ; annealing ambience ; wide bandgap ; metal-semiconductor-metal photodetector ; responsivity ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2021-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag MDPI AG
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
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  4. Artikel ; Online: Zinc Gallium Oxide—A Review from Synthesis to Applications

    Mu-I Chen / Anoop Kumar Singh / Jung-Lung Chiang / Ray-Hua Horng / Dong-Sing Wuu

    Nanomaterials, Vol 10, Iss 2208, p

    2020  Band 2208

    Abstract: Spinel ZnGa 2 O 4 has received significant attention from researchers due to its wide bandgap and high chemical and thermal stability; hence, paving the way for it to have potential in various applications. This review focuses on its physical, optical, ... ...

    Abstract Spinel ZnGa 2 O 4 has received significant attention from researchers due to its wide bandgap and high chemical and thermal stability; hence, paving the way for it to have potential in various applications. This review focuses on its physical, optical, mechanical and electrical properties, contributing to the better understanding of this material. The recent trends for growth techniques and processing in the research and development of ZnGa 2 O 4 from bulk crystal growth to thin films are discussed in detail for device performance. This material has excellent properties and is investigated widely in deep-ultraviolet photodetectors, gas sensors and phosphors. In this article, effects of substrate temperature, annealing temperature, oxygen partial pressure and zinc/gallium ratio are discussed for device processing and fabrication. In addition, research progress and future outlooks are also identified.
    Schlagwörter ZnGa 2 O 4 ; spinel structure ; wide-bandgap ; photodetector ; phosphor ; gas sensor ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 620
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2020-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag MDPI AG
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
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  5. Artikel: Effect of altered ambient temperature through shelter modifications on physiological indicators of Malpura lambs reared in semi-arid region during winter

    De, Kalyan / Davendra Kumar / Anoop Kumar Singh / Artabandhu Sahoo / Syed Mohammed Khursheed Naqvi

    Journal of thermal biology. 2018 Feb., v. 72

    2018  

    Abstract: Microclimatic factors are of crucial aspect for the welfare of animals. Therefore, a study was conducted to assess the effect of altered ambient temperature through shelter modifications on physiological indicators of Malpura lambs reared in the semi- ... ...

    Abstract Microclimatic factors are of crucial aspect for the welfare of animals. Therefore, a study was conducted to assess the effect of altered ambient temperature through shelter modifications on physiological indicators of Malpura lambs reared in the semi-arid region during winter. Twenty-one Malpura lambs of 3–5 week age and average body weight 9.97 ± 0.51 kg were used in the present study. The lambs were divided into three groups (eg. G1, G2, and G3) and were kept in the different microenvironment by manipulation of shelter design. The G1 lambs were maintained at lower minimum temperature (8.59 ± 0.71 °C) in asbestos roofed shed, while G2 lambs were maintained at higher minimum temperature (14.59 ± 0.54 °C) in local handmade bamboo dome structure, and G3 lambs were kept at a medium minimum temperature (11.84 ± 0.64 °C) in thermocol insulated roofed shed from evening 18:30 h to morning 07:00 h. The study was carried out for one month between January and February. The parameters studied were physiological response (respiration rate, pulse rate, rectal temperature), skin temperature, blood metabolites and endocrine profile. The data were analyzed by general linear models. Higher average daily weight gain was recorded in the lambs kept in higher minimum temperature groups (20.54% higher in G2 and 24.68% higher in G3) as compared to G1 lambs. Microenvironment manipulation had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on most of the physiological response and skin temperature except morning respiration rate within low-temperature range. The present study reveals that Hb, PCV, T3, and cortisol level were significantly (P < 0.05) influenced by microenvironment manipulation. The results of the study indicated that altered ambient temperature through altered shelter design of housing for raising of lambs in the semi-arid tropical region may support animal welfare during chilling nights of the winter.
    Schlagwörter ambient temperature ; animal welfare ; asbestos ; bamboos ; blood ; body weight ; cell respiration ; cold treatment ; cortisol ; data analysis ; heart rate ; lambs ; linear models ; metabolites ; microclimate ; physiological response ; rearing ; semiarid zones ; skin temperature ; tropics ; weight gain ; winter
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf 2018-02
    Umfang p. 161-167.
    Erscheinungsort Elsevier Ltd
    Dokumenttyp Artikel
    ZDB-ID 1498364-3
    ISSN 1879-0992 ; 0306-4565
    ISSN (online) 1879-0992
    ISSN 0306-4565
    DOI 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.02.003
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  6. Artikel ; Online: Invasive cribriform carcinoma of male breast

    Archika Gupta / Harendra Kumar / Manish Budhiraja / Anoop Kumar Singh

    Oncology, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Reports, Vol 3, Iss 2, Pp 50-

    A rare histopathologic entity

    2014  Band 51

    Abstract: Male breast carcinoma is a rare entity with an incidence of less than 1% of all breast cancer cases, and more than 90% of male breast cancers are invasive. All types of breast cancer seen in females are present in males, with the most common histological ...

    Abstract Male breast carcinoma is a rare entity with an incidence of less than 1% of all breast cancer cases, and more than 90% of male breast cancers are invasive. All types of breast cancer seen in females are present in males, with the most common histological variant being infiltrating ductal carcinomas. However, invasive cribriform carcinoma, a rare type of invasive breast carcinoma, is extremely rarely seen in males. Here, we report a very rare case of invasive breast carcinoma in a male patient, with only three cases reported earlier
    Schlagwörter Breast cancer ; cribriform pattern ; invasive ; male breast cancer ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Medicine ; R ; Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ; RC254-282
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2014-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag EManuscript Services
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
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  7. Artikel: Monsoon variability and major climatic events between 25 and 0.05 ka BP using sedimentary parameters in the Gangotri Glacier region, Garhwal Himalaya, India

    Singh, Dhruv Sen / Chetan Anand Dubey / Dhirendra Kumar / Balkrishan Vishawakarma / Anoop Kumar Singh / Akanaksha Tripathi / Pawan Kumar Gautam / Rameshwar Bali / Kamal Kishore Agarwal / Rajveer Sharma

    Quaternary international. 2019 Feb. 25, v. 507

    2019  

    Abstract: Gangotri Glacier has attracted international attention for its rapid rate of retreat. It is one of the best studied Himalayan glaciers, however there are no unanimous views about the history of climate change for the Gangotri Glacier. We prepared the ... ...

    Abstract Gangotri Glacier has attracted international attention for its rapid rate of retreat. It is one of the best studied Himalayan glaciers, however there are no unanimous views about the history of climate change for the Gangotri Glacier. We prepared the lithologs/textural logs by making two trenches in the kame terraces and analysed it in detail for sediment grain parameters and 14C AMS dates to infer the depositional sedimentary environments, monsoon variability and major climatic events in the Gangotri Glacier region.The sedimentary parameters and geomorphic analysis revealed that the sediments of the kame terraces are consolidated to semi-consolidated, stratified, very coarse to fine grained layers of sand, silt and clay with few gravels and sedimentary structures. The sediment size indicating energy of the depositional environment varies from medium to fine sand (1.02–2.26 Φ). The standard deviation is poorly sorted (0.89–1.46 Φ) which describes that the energy of the depositional environment is continuously fluctuating. The positive skewness (0.32–0.98 Φ) indicates the excess of finer sediments and dominance of low energy whereas, very leptokurtic kurtosis (2.28–4.47 Φ) describes the fluctuating energy conditions.The present study explains the glacial stages and weak Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) around 19.5, 14.5, 13.1, 10.1, 8.6, 7.5, 2.2, 0.54, 0.08 ka BP and warm and intense ISM during 23.9, 22.7, 19.4, 1.15, 0.05 ka BP. The higher percentage of clay in both the trenches around 0.65–0.2 ka BP (1300–1750 AD) and higher percentage of silt and low clay content around 1.15–0.55 ka BP (800–1400 AD) validates the Little Ice Age (LIA) and Medieval Warm Period (MWP) respectively.
    Schlagwörter carbon ; clay ; clay fraction ; climate change ; energy ; glaciers ; monsoon season ; sand ; silt ; standard deviation ; terraces ; Himalayan region ; India
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf 2019-0225
    Umfang p. 148-155.
    Erscheinungsort Elsevier Ltd
    Dokumenttyp Artikel
    ISSN 1040-6182
    DOI 10.1016/j.quaint.2019.02.018
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  8. Artikel ; Online: 1. Transdermal drug delivery systems for antihypertensive drugs - A review

    T. Sivakumar / R. Panner Selvam / Anoop Kumar Singh

    International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research (IJPBR), Vol 01, Iss 01, Pp 1-

    2010  Band 8

    Abstract: Hypertension is one of the largest deaths causing disease for the mankind. Since it is a chronic disease it necessitates long term treatment. The disadvantages of antihypertensive drugs such as more frequent of administration, extensive first pass ... ...

    Abstract Hypertension is one of the largest deaths causing disease for the mankind. Since it is a chronic disease it necessitates long term treatment. The disadvantages of antihypertensive drugs such as more frequent of administration, extensive first pass metabolism and variable bioavailability, make it is an ideal candidate for transdermal drug delivery systems. This article is dedicated to the review of antihypertensive transdermal patches in the perspective of enhancing the bioavailibity as well as in improving the patient compliance. The various antihypertensive drugs considered in the review includes timolol maleate, nicardipine hydrochloride, captopril, atenolol, metoprolol tartrate, clonidine, indapamide, labetolol, pinacidil, verapamil hydrochloride, nitrendipine, nifedipine, nicorandil, propranolol hydrochloride, diltiazem hydrochloride, amlodipine besilate, carvedilol and lisinopril. Clonidine was the first antihypertensive drug developed in the transdermal form. Currently a number of antihypertensive transdermal patches are introduced in to the pharmaceutical market. Most of the reported methods in the literature employed solvent evaporation method or solvent casting method for the preparation of transdermal patches. Depending on the release required over a period of time, the concentrations of polymer, plasticizer and penetrant were varied.
    Schlagwörter Transdermal drug delivery systems ; Transdermal patches ; Antihypertensive drugs ; Pharmacy and materia medica ; RS1-441 ; Medicine ; R ; DOAJ:Pharmacy and materia medica ; DOAJ:Medicine (General) ; DOAJ:Health Sciences ; Therapeutics. Pharmacology ; RM1-950 ; DOAJ:Therapeutics
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 660
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2010-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag PharmSciDirect Publications
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  9. Artikel ; Online: 2. Isolation, characterisation and formulation properties of a new plant gum obtained from mangifera indica

    T. Sivakumar / Anoop Kumar Singh / R. Panner Selvam

    International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research (IJPBR), Vol 01, Iss 02, Pp 35-

    2010  Band 41

    Abstract: This study elucidated the physical, thermal, sorption and functional properties of a gum obtained from the stem of mangifera indica were characterized viz. elemental analysis, Fourier transmittance infra red, particle size analysis, thermo gravimetric ... ...

    Abstract This study elucidated the physical, thermal, sorption and functional properties of a gum obtained from the stem of mangifera indica were characterized viz. elemental analysis, Fourier transmittance infra red, particle size analysis, thermo gravimetric analysis, differential scanning colorimetry, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. Mangifera indica gum had a glass transition temperature (Tg) and melting peak of 90 and 318.795°C, respectively. This material showed a 14.59 % loss in weight at 200oC. The sample had peaks at approximately 21o, 29o, and 39o 2θ degrees of 2-theta (θ) in the X-ray powder diffraction pattern. Elemental analysis showed that gum of mangifera indica contains 35.62, 6.12, 56.57 and 1.67% of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen, respectively. The results obtained in this study establish the fundamental characteristics of mangifera indica gum. The in vitro drug release was more than 90 % at 30 min. Tablets with 5% w/w binder concentration showed optimum results than standard binder, thus conclusion was drawn that mango gum was found to be useful for the preparation of uncoated tablet dosage form.
    Schlagwörter Mangifera indica ; mango gum ; tablet binder ; excipients ; Pharmacy and materia medica ; RS1-441 ; Medicine ; R ; DOAJ:Pharmacy and materia medica ; DOAJ:Medicine (General) ; DOAJ:Health Sciences ; Therapeutics. Pharmacology ; RM1-950 ; DOAJ:Therapeutics
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2010-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag PharmSciDirect Publications
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  10. Artikel: Effect of protection against hot climate on growth performance, physiological response and endocrine profile of growing lambs under semi-arid tropical environment

    De, Kalyan / Davendra Kumar / Anoop Kumar Singh / Kamal Kumar / Artabandhu Sahoo / Syed Mohammed Khursheed Naqvi

    Tropical animal health and production. 2017 Aug., v. 49, no. 6

    2017  

    Abstract: In the hot semi-arid tropical region, extreme summer is a major constraint in sheep production. The growth performance of growing lambs is impaired during the summer. Therefore, the present study was conducted to assess the effect of protection against ... ...

    Abstract In the hot semi-arid tropical region, extreme summer is a major constraint in sheep production. The growth performance of growing lambs is impaired during the summer. Therefore, the present study was conducted to assess the effect of protection against hot climate on growth performance, physiological response, and endocrine profile of growing lambs under semi-arid tropical environment. All the data in the experiment were presented as mean ± SE. Thirty Malpura lambs with the age of 122.7 ± 6.05 days and body weight of 19.52 ± 0.42 kg were allotted into three groups, viz. G1 (control, lambs kept in open area under tree shade), G2 (lambs kept in conventional asbestos-roofed shed), and G3 (lambs kept in designed shed). The allotment was based on their initial body weight so that the mean body weight of each group was similar. In all three types of protection, lambs were provided with sufficient space to move and social interaction. In asbestos-roofed shed (G2), all the four sides from ground to the roof were fenced with strong galvanized iron chain link. But in G3, all the four sides were constructed in a manner that there was 0.13 m air space between inner and outer solid brick columns of the wall up to 1.37 m height, and rest up to the roof was fenced with bamboo splint net. The air space between the two columns of the wall was filled with sand, and it was kept in moist condition by continuous water drips which provide extra evaporative cooling. The designed shed was basically constructed with bamboo. Tree shade was assured under the natural shades of large trees. The shaded area was protected by wire fences. The experiment was conducted for 45 days during very high temperature (May–June). The lambs were provided with ad libitum green fodder, dry roughage, 300 g concentrate, and ad libitum drinking water. The respiration rate at morning and afternoon, pulse rate at morning and afternoon and rectal temperature at afternoon was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in lambs of G3 as compared to other groups. The final body weight did not differ significantly between the groups, but average daily gain (g/day) was higher in G3 (150.06 ± 11.13) as compared to the G1 (109.69 ± 18.10). The feed conversion rate (FCR) was significantly (P < 0.05) better in G3 (5.49 ± 0.08) as compared to G1 (7.65 ± 0.08) and G2 (6.60 ± 0.08). The hemoglobin level was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in G1. The endocrine profile did not vary significantly (P > 0.05) among the groups, but insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was higher in G3. It can be concluded from this study the lambs provided with better protection during summer remained in more comfortable condition, showed better FCR, and although not statistically significant showed better growth performance.
    Schlagwörter air ; average daily gain ; bamboos ; body weight ; bricks ; cell respiration ; cooling ; drinking water ; feed conversion ; fences ; forage ; growth performance ; heart rate ; hemoglobin ; insulin-like growth factor I ; iron ; lambs ; physiological response ; sand ; social behavior ; summer ; temperature ; trees ; tropics
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf 2017-08
    Umfang p. 1317-1323.
    Erscheinungsort Springer Netherlands
    Dokumenttyp Artikel
    ZDB-ID 603363-5
    ISSN 1573-7438 ; 0049-4747
    ISSN (online) 1573-7438
    ISSN 0049-4747
    DOI 10.1007/s11250-017-1307-7
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