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  1. Artikel ; Online: Fatigue: Tough days at work change your prefrontal metabolites.

    Scholey, Emma / Apps, Matthew A J

    Current biology : CB

    2022  Band 32, Heft 16, Seite(n) R876–R879

    Abstract: New measurements of the metabolite and neurotransmitter glutamate in prefrontal cortex after a day of hard work indicate that it may be a brain marker of mental fatigue, re-energising searches for the biological roots of fatigue. ...

    Abstract New measurements of the metabolite and neurotransmitter glutamate in prefrontal cortex after a day of hard work indicate that it may be a brain marker of mental fatigue, re-energising searches for the biological roots of fatigue.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Brain/metabolism ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Prefrontal Cortex/metabolism
    Chemische Substanzen Glutamic Acid (3KX376GY7L)
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-08-17
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 1071731-6
    ISSN 1879-0445 ; 0960-9822
    ISSN (online) 1879-0445
    ISSN 0960-9822
    DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2022.06.088
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Artikel: Uncovering the neurophysiology of mood, motivation and behavioral symptoms in Parkinson's disease through intracranial recordings.

    Ricciardi, Lucia / Apps, Matthew / Little, Simon

    NPJ Parkinson's disease

    2023  Band 9, Heft 1, Seite(n) 136

    Abstract: Neuropsychiatric mood and motivation symptoms (depression, anxiety, apathy, impulse control disorders) in Parkinson's disease (PD) are highly disabling, difficult to treat and exacerbated by current medications and deep brain stimulation therapies. High- ... ...

    Abstract Neuropsychiatric mood and motivation symptoms (depression, anxiety, apathy, impulse control disorders) in Parkinson's disease (PD) are highly disabling, difficult to treat and exacerbated by current medications and deep brain stimulation therapies. High-resolution intracranial recording techniques have the potential to undercover the network dysfunction and cognitive processes that drive these symptoms, towards a principled re-tuning of circuits. We highlight intracranial recording as a valuable tool for mapping and desegregating neural networks and their contribution to mood, motivation and behavioral symptoms, via the ability to dissect multiplexed overlapping spatial and temporal neural components. This technique can be powerfully combined with behavioral paradigms and emerging computational techniques to model underlying latent behavioral states. We review the literature of intracranial recording studies investigating mood, motivation and behavioral symptomatology with reference to 1) emotional processing, 2) executive control 3) subjective valuation (reward & cost evaluation) 4) motor control and 5) learning and updating. This reveals associations between different frequency specific network activities and underlying cognitive processes of reward decision making and action control. If validated, these signals represent potential computational biomarkers of motivational and behavioural states and could lead to principled therapy development for mood, motivation and behavioral symptoms in PD.
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-09-21
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2819218-7
    ISSN 2373-8057
    ISSN 2373-8057
    DOI 10.1038/s41531-023-00567-0
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Artikel ; Online: Stimulating cingulate: distinct behaviours arise from discrete zones.

    Apps, Matthew A J

    Brain : a journal of neurology

    2019  Band 141, Heft 10, Seite(n) 2827–2830

    Mesh-Begriff(e) Electric Stimulation ; Emotions ; Gyrus Cinguli ; Humans
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2019-07-30
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 80072-7
    ISSN 1460-2156 ; 0006-8950
    ISSN (online) 1460-2156
    ISSN 0006-8950
    DOI 10.1093/brain/awy224
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  4. Artikel ; Online: Social environment-based opportunity costs dictate when people leave social interactions.

    Gabay, Anthony S / Pisauro, Andrea / O'Nell, Kathryn C / Apps, Matthew A J

    Communications psychology

    2024  Band 2, Heft 1, Seite(n) 42

    Abstract: There is an ever-increasing understanding of the cognitive mechanisms underlying how we process others' behaviours during social interactions. However, little is known about how people decide when ... ...

    Abstract There is an ever-increasing understanding of the cognitive mechanisms underlying how we process others' behaviours during social interactions. However, little is known about how people decide when to
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2024-05-09
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ISSN 2731-9121
    ISSN (online) 2731-9121
    DOI 10.1038/s44271-024-00094-5
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  5. Artikel ; Online: Preferences for seeking effort or reward information bias the willingness to work.

    Müller, Tanja / Husain, Masud / Apps, Matthew A J

    Scientific reports

    2022  Band 12, Heft 1, Seite(n) 19486

    Abstract: Research suggests that the temporal order in which people receive information about costs and benefits whilst making decisions can influence their choices. But, do people have a preference for seeking information about costs or benefits when making ... ...

    Abstract Research suggests that the temporal order in which people receive information about costs and benefits whilst making decisions can influence their choices. But, do people have a preference for seeking information about costs or benefits when making effort-based decisions, and does this impact motivation? Here, participants made choices about whether to exert different levels of physical effort to obtain different magnitudes of reward, or rest for low reward. Prior to each effort-based choice, they also had to decide which information they wanted to see first: how much physical effort would be required, or how large the reward would be. We found no overall preference for seeking reward or effort information first, but motivation did change when people saw reward or effort information first. Seeking effort information first, both someone's average tendency to do so and their choice to see effort first on a given trial, was associated with reductions in the willingness to exert higher effort. Moreover, the tendency to prefer effort information first was associated with reduced vigorous exercise and higher levels of fatigue in everyday life. These findings highlight that preferences for seeking effort information may be a bias that reduces people's willingness to exert effort in the lab and in everyday life.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Humans ; Reward ; Decision Making ; Motivation ; Physical Exertion
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-11-14
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-022-21917-7
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Artikel: Functional Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Prolonged Motor Activation using Conventional and Spectral GLM Analyses.

    Morelli, Maria / Dudzikowska, Katarzyna / Deelchand, Dinesh K / Quinn, Andrew J / Mullins, Paul G / Apps, Matthew A J / Wilson, Martin

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2024  

    Abstract: Background: Functional MRS (fMRS) is a technique used to measure metabolic changes in response to increased neuronal activity, providing unique insights into neurotransmitter dynamics and neuroenergetics. In this study we investigate the response of ... ...

    Abstract Background: Functional MRS (fMRS) is a technique used to measure metabolic changes in response to increased neuronal activity, providing unique insights into neurotransmitter dynamics and neuroenergetics. In this study we investigate the response of lactate and glutamate levels in the motor cortex during a sustained motor task using conventional spectral fitting and explore the use of a novel analysis approach based on the application of linear modelling directly to the spectro-temporal fMRS data.
    Methods: fMRS data were acquired at a field strength of 3 Tesla from 23 healthy participants using a short echo-time (28ms) semi-LASER sequence. The functional task involved rhythmic hand clenching over a duration of 8 minutes and standard MRS preprocessing steps, including frequency and phase alignment, were employed. Both conventional spectral fitting and direct linear modelling were applied, and results from participant-averaged spectra and metabolite-averaged individual analyses were compared.
    Results: We observed a 20% increase in lactate in response to the motor task, consistent with findings at higher magnetic field strengths. However, statistical testing showed some variability between the two averaging schemes and fitting algorithms. While lactate changes were supported by the direct spectral modelling approach, smaller increases in glutamate (2%) were inconsistent. Exploratory spectral modelling identified a 4% decrease in aspartate, aligning with conventional fitting and observations from prolonged visual stimulation.
    Conclusion: We demonstrate that lactate dynamics in response to a prolonged motor task are observed using short-echo time semi-LASER at 3 Tesla, and that direct linear modelling of fMRS data is a useful complement to conventional analysis. Future work includes mitigating spectral confounds, such as scalp lipid contamination and lineshape drift, and further validation of our novel direct linear modelling approach through experimental and simulated datasets.
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2024-05-15
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2024.05.15.594270
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Artikel ; Online: Human ventromedial prefrontal cortex is necessary for prosocial motivation.

    Lockwood, Patricia L / Cutler, Jo / Drew, Daniel / Abdurahman, Ayat / Jeyaretna, Deva Sanjeeva / Apps, Matthew A J / Husain, Masud / Manohar, Sanjay G

    Nature human behaviour

    2024  

    Abstract: Ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is vital for decision-making. Functional neuroimaging links vmPFC to processing rewards and effort, while parallel work suggests vmPFC involvement in prosocial behaviour. However, the necessity of vmPFC for these ... ...

    Abstract Ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is vital for decision-making. Functional neuroimaging links vmPFC to processing rewards and effort, while parallel work suggests vmPFC involvement in prosocial behaviour. However, the necessity of vmPFC for these functions is unknown. Patients with rare focal vmPFC lesions (n = 25), patients with lesions elsewhere (n = 15) and healthy controls (n = 40) chose between rest and exerting effort to earn rewards for themselves or another person. vmPFC damage decreased prosociality across behavioural and computational measures. vmPFC patients earned less, discounted rewards by effort more, and exerted less force when another person benefited, compared to both control groups. Voxel-based lesion mapping revealed dissociations between vmPFC subregions. While medial damage led to antisocial behaviour, lateral damage increased prosocial behaviour relative to patients with damage elsewhere. vmPFC patients also showed reduced effort sensitivity overall, but reward sensitivity was limited to specific subregions. These results reveal multiple causal contributions of vmPFC to prosocial behaviour, effort and reward.
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2024-05-27
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ISSN 2397-3374
    ISSN (online) 2397-3374
    DOI 10.1038/s41562-024-01899-4
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Artikel ; Online: Motivational fatigue: A neurocognitive framework for the impact of effortful exertion on subsequent motivation.

    Müller, Tanja / Apps, Matthew A J

    Neuropsychologia

    2018  Band 123, Seite(n) 141–151

    Abstract: Fatigue - a feeling of exhaustion arising from exertion - is a significant barrier to successful behaviour and one of the most prominent symptoms in primary care. During extended behaviours, fatigue increases over time, leading to decrements in ... ...

    Abstract Fatigue - a feeling of exhaustion arising from exertion - is a significant barrier to successful behaviour and one of the most prominent symptoms in primary care. During extended behaviours, fatigue increases over time, leading to decrements in performance in both cognitively and physically demanding tasks. However, to date, theoretical accounts of fatigue have not fully characterised the neuroanatomical basis of cognitive and physical fatigue nor placed results within broader discussions of the functional properties of the systems implicated. Here, we review recent neurophysiological and neuroimaging research that has begun to identify the neural mechanisms underlying changes in behaviour occurring due to fatigue. Strikingly, this research has implicated systems in the brain, including the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), anterior insula, and lateral prefrontal cortex, that in separate lines of research have been linked to motivating the exertion of effort, to persisting towards goals and to processing one's internal states. We put forward a neurocognitive framework for fatigue and its impact on motivation. Levels of fatigue arising from effortful behaviours impact on processing in systems that weigh up the costs and benefits of exerting effort. As a result, as levels of fatigue rise, the value of exerting effort into a task declines, leading to reductions in performance. This account provides a new framework for understanding the effects of fatigue during cognitively and physically demanding tasks as well as for understanding motivational impairments in health and disease.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Brain/physiology ; Cerebral Cortex/physiology ; Fatigue/psychology ; Gyrus Cinguli/physiology ; Humans ; Models, Neurological ; Motivation/physiology ; Physical Exertion ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiology ; Psychomotor Performance/physiology ; Reward
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2018-05-05
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 207151-4
    ISSN 1873-3514 ; 0028-3932
    ISSN (online) 1873-3514
    ISSN 0028-3932
    DOI 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.04.030
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  9. Artikel ; Online: Foraging optimally in social neuroscience: computations and methodological considerations.

    Gabay, Anthony S / Apps, Matthew A J

    Social cognitive and affective neuroscience

    2020  Band 16, Heft 8, Seite(n) 782–794

    Abstract: Research in social neuroscience has increasingly begun to use the tools of computational neuroscience to better understand behaviour. Such approaches have proven fruitful for probing underlying neural mechanisms. However, little attention has been paid ... ...

    Abstract Research in social neuroscience has increasingly begun to use the tools of computational neuroscience to better understand behaviour. Such approaches have proven fruitful for probing underlying neural mechanisms. However, little attention has been paid to how the structure of experimental tasks relates to real-world decisions, and the problems that brains have evolved to solve. To go significantly beyond current understanding, we must begin to use paradigms and mathematical models from behavioural ecology, which offer insights into the decisions animals must make successfully in order to survive. One highly influential theory-marginal value theorem (MVT)-precisely characterises and provides an optimal solution to a vital foraging decision that most species must make: the patch-leaving problem. Animals must decide when to leave collecting rewards in a current patch (location) and travel somewhere else. We propose that many questions posed in social neuroscience can be approached as patch-leaving problems. A richer understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying social behaviour will be obtained by using MVT. In this 'tools of the trade' article, we outline the patch-leaving problem, the computations of MVT and discuss the application to social neuroscience. Furthermore, we consider the practical challenges and offer solutions for designing paradigms probing patch leaving, both behaviourally and when using neuroimaging techniques.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Animals ; Attention ; Cognitive Neuroscience ; Neurosciences ; Reward ; Social Behavior
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2020-03-26
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2236933-8
    ISSN 1749-5024 ; 1749-5016
    ISSN (online) 1749-5024
    ISSN 1749-5016
    DOI 10.1093/scan/nsaa037
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Artikel ; Online: Computational mechanisms underlying the dynamics of physical and cognitive fatigue.

    Matthews, Julian / Pisauro, M Andrea / Jurgelis, Mindaugas / Müller, Tanja / Vassena, Eliana / Chong, Trevor T-J / Apps, Matthew A J

    Cognition

    2023  Band 240, Seite(n) 105603

    Abstract: The willingness to exert effort for reward is essential but comes at the cost of fatigue. Theories suggest fatigue increases after both physical and cognitive exertion, subsequently reducing the motivation to exert effort. Yet a mechanistic understanding ...

    Abstract The willingness to exert effort for reward is essential but comes at the cost of fatigue. Theories suggest fatigue increases after both physical and cognitive exertion, subsequently reducing the motivation to exert effort. Yet a mechanistic understanding of how this happens on a moment-to-moment basis, and whether mechanisms are common to both mental and physical effort, is lacking. In two studies, participants reported momentary (trial-by-trial) ratings of fatigue during an effort-based decision-making task requiring either physical (grip-force) or cognitive (mental arithmetic) effort. Using a novel computational model, we show that fatigue fluctuates from trial-to-trial as a function of exerted effort and predicts subsequent choices. This mechanism was shared across the domains. Selective to the cognitive domain, committing errors also induced momentary increases in feelings of fatigue. These findings provide insight into the computations underlying the influence of effortful exertion on fatigue and motivation, in both physical and cognitive domains.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Humans ; Motivation ; Emotions ; Reward ; Cognition
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-08-28
    Erscheinungsland Netherlands
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1499940-7
    ISSN 1873-7838 ; 0010-0277
    ISSN (online) 1873-7838
    ISSN 0010-0277
    DOI 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105603
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