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  1. Artikel ; Online: Flexible control of representational dynamics in a disinhibition-based model of decision-making

    Bo Shen / Kenway Louie / Paul Glimcher

    eLife, Vol

    2023  Band 12

    Abstract: Inhibition is crucial for brain function, regulating network activity by balancing excitation and implementing gain control. Recent evidence suggests that beyond simply inhibiting excitatory activity, inhibitory neurons can also shape circuit function ... ...

    Abstract Inhibition is crucial for brain function, regulating network activity by balancing excitation and implementing gain control. Recent evidence suggests that beyond simply inhibiting excitatory activity, inhibitory neurons can also shape circuit function through disinhibition. While disinhibitory circuit motifs have been implicated in cognitive processes, including learning, attentional selection, and input gating, the role of disinhibition is largely unexplored in the study of decision-making. Here, we show that disinhibition provides a simple circuit motif for fast, dynamic control of network state and function. This dynamic control allows a disinhibition-based decision model to reproduce both value normalization and winner-take-all dynamics, the two central features of neurobiological decision-making captured in separate existing models with distinct circuit motifs. In addition, the disinhibition model exhibits flexible attractor dynamics consistent with different forms of persistent activity seen in working memory. Fitting the model to empirical data shows it captures well both the neurophysiological dynamics of value coding and psychometric choice behavior. Furthermore, the biological basis of disinhibition provides a simple mechanism for flexible top-down control of the network states, enabling the circuit to capture diverse task-dependent neural dynamics. These results suggest a biologically plausible unifying mechanism for decision-making and emphasize the importance of local disinhibition in neural processing.
    Schlagwörter decision-making circuit ; disinhibition ; divisive normalization ; winner-take-all choice ; persistent activity ; Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 006
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag eLife Sciences Publications Ltd
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  2. Artikel ; Online: Comparative Performance of Low Global Warming Potential (GWP) Refrigerants as Replacement for R-410A in a Regular 2-Speed Heat Pump for Sustainable Cooling

    Bo Shen / Moonis R. Ally

    Sustainability, Vol 13, Iss 8199, p

    2021  Band 8199

    Abstract: Heat pumps are currently being developed to reduce the energy footprint for residential and commercial building space conditioning and water heating loads in cold climates. To mitigate the nocuous impact of greenhouse gas emissions on the environment, ... ...

    Abstract Heat pumps are currently being developed to reduce the energy footprint for residential and commercial building space conditioning and water heating loads in cold climates. To mitigate the nocuous impact of greenhouse gas emissions on the environment, and to create a carbon-neutral building stock, alternate lower-GWP refrigerants must also replace the predominant use of R-410A, without re-engineering the mechanical hardware. In this paper, we analyze the performance of lower-GWP alternative refrigerants (R-32, R-452B, R-454B, and R-466A) relative to the conventional R-410A and draw conclusions on the relative performances to meet cooling loads. The simulations are accomplished using the heat pump design model, a well-known, public-domain design tool with a free web interface and downloadable desktop version to support public use and the HVAC R&D community. The contributions contain detailed, hardware-based heat exchanger and system analyses to provide a comprehensive assessment. The results of the simulation are scrutinized from the first (capacity and energy efficiency) and second laws (exergy analysis) to identify sources of systemic inefficiency, the root cause of lost work. This rigorous approach provides an exhaustive analysis of alternate lower-GWP refrigerants to replace R-410A using the same hardware. The results have practical value in engineering heat pumps in an economy that is compelled to alter by the consequences and uncertainties of climate change, to reduce its anthropogenic carbon footprint.
    Schlagwörter alternate refrigerants ; heat pumps ; simulation ; exergy ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 690
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag MDPI AG
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  3. Artikel: OsABT, a Rice WD40 Domain-Containing Protein, Is Involved in Abiotic Stress Tolerance

    Eryong, Chen / Bo, Shen

    China National Rice Research Institute Rice science. 2022 May, v. 29, no. 3

    2022  

    Abstract: Plant growth and crop productivity are severely affected by abiotic stress on a global scale. WD40 repeat-containing proteins play a significant role in the development and environmental adaptation of eukaryotes. In this study, OsABT, a stress response ... ...

    Abstract Plant growth and crop productivity are severely affected by abiotic stress on a global scale. WD40 repeat-containing proteins play a significant role in the development and environmental adaptation of eukaryotes. In this study, OsABT, a stress response gene, was cloned from rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Nipponbare). OsABT encodes a protein containing seven WD40 domains. Expression analysis revealed that the OsABT gene was first up-regulated and then down-regulated following treatment with abscisic acid (ABA) and NaCl, but was down-regulated when treated with PEG8000. Subcellular localization results showed that OsABT was located in the cytoplasm and nucleus of Arabidopsis roots. OsABT transgenic Arabidopsis showed significantly increased tolerance to ABA and salt stress during plant seedling development. However, the transgenic lines were more sensitive to drought stress. Moreover, OsABT can interact with OsABI2, a component of ABA signaling pathway. These results showed that OsABT plays a positive regulatory role in response to salt stress and a negative role in response to drought stress in Arabidopsis.
    Schlagwörter Arabidopsis ; Oryza sativa ; cytoplasm ; eukaryotic cells ; genes ; plant growth ; rice ; salt stress ; seedlings ; stress response ; stress tolerance ; water stress
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf 2022-05
    Umfang p. 247-256.
    Erscheinungsort Elsevier B.V.
    Dokumenttyp Artikel
    ZDB-ID 2406776-3
    ISSN 1876-4762 ; 1672-6308
    ISSN (online) 1876-4762
    ISSN 1672-6308
    DOI 10.1016/j.rsci.2021.07.012
    Datenquelle NAL Katalog (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Artikel ; Online: Editorial

    Chunxiang Ma / Weiguo Dong / Bo Shen / Hu Zhang

    Frontiers in Medicine, Vol

    COVID-19 and the Digestive System

    2022  Band 9

    Schlagwörter COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; endoscopy ; liver ; pancreas ; gastrointestinal tract ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag Frontiers Media S.A.
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  5. Artikel ; Online: The Collective Behaviors of Self-Excitation Information Diffusion Processes for a Large Number of Individuals

    Lifu Wang / Bo Shen

    Complexity, Vol

    2020  Band 2020

    Abstract: The opinion dynamics is a complex and interesting process, especially for the systems with a large number of individuals. It is usually hard to describe the evolutionary features of these systems. In some previous works, it has been shown that the self- ... ...

    Abstract The opinion dynamics is a complex and interesting process, especially for the systems with a large number of individuals. It is usually hard to describe the evolutionary features of these systems. In some previous works, it has been shown that the self-excitation type model has superior performance in learning and predicting opinions. Following this line, we consider the self-excitation opinion model and study the collective behaviors of the self-excitation model. We propose a Mckean–Vlasov-type integrodifferential equation to describe the asymptotic behaviors of the model and show that the introduced equation, by coupling with the initial distribution, has the ability of capturing the influence of the self-excitation process, which describes the mutually exciting and recurrent nature of individuals. We also find that the steady-state distribution is a “contraction” of the initial distribution in the linear and bounded confidence (DW model) interaction cases, which is different from the results of the model with nonself-excitation interaction.
    Schlagwörter Electronic computers. Computer science ; QA75.5-76.95
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 612
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag Hindawi-Wiley
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  6. Artikel ; Online: Update of endoscopic management of Crohn’s disease strictures

    Akshay Pokala / Bo Shen

    Intestinal Research, Vol 18, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2020  Band 10

    Abstract: One of the most common complications of Crohn’s disease (CD) is the formation of strictures. Endoscopy plays a vital role not only in the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and disease monitoring of CD, but also the delivery of effective treatment. The ... ...

    Abstract One of the most common complications of Crohn’s disease (CD) is the formation of strictures. Endoscopy plays a vital role not only in the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and disease monitoring of CD, but also the delivery of effective treatment. The purpose of this review is to update the endoscopic management of strictures in CD. Endoscopic therapy has provided minimally invasive treatment for CD. Commonly used endoscopic treatment modalities include balloon dilation, endoscopic stricturotomy, endoscopic strictureplasty, and endoscopic stenting. The pros and cons of these endoscopic treatment modalities are discussed.
    Schlagwörter crohn disease ; endoscopy ; therapy ; Medicine ; R ; Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology ; RC799-869
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  7. Artikel ; Online: Anti-tumor Effect and Potential Mechanism of Arsenic Trioxide on SMMC-7721 Cells of Human Liver Cancer in Vivo and Vitro

    Bo Shen

    Journal of International Translational Medicine, Vol 2, Iss 2, Pp 288-

    2014  Band 293

    Abstract: Objective: To observe the anti-tumor effect of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) on SMMC-7721 cells of patients with liver cancer in vivo and vitro. Methods: Methyl Thiazolyl Tetrazolium (MTT) method, fluorescence microscope, FITCAnnexin Ⅴ /PI double-tagging ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To observe the anti-tumor effect of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) on SMMC-7721 cells of patients with liver cancer in vivo and vitro. Methods: Methyl Thiazolyl Tetrazolium (MTT) method, fluorescence microscope, FITCAnnexin Ⅴ /PI double-tagging method and colorimetry were used to detect the survival rate, morphological change, apoptosis and Caspase-3 activity change of SMMC-7721 cells in different concentration of As2O3 for 48 h, respectively. As2O3 was injected into the transplanted tumors in nude mice with SMMC-7721 hepatoma cells to observe the growth of tumors. The mice were sacrificed after 12 d, followed by the extirpation and weighing of the tumors. Then Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3 expression were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results: As2O3 could obviously inhabit the proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells, with inhibition concentration (IC) being (18.17±2.10) μmol/L. Microscope showed typical morphological change of cell apoptosis and As2O3 treatment group was evidently higher than control group in apoptosis rate of SMMC-772 cells, suggesting that As2O3 could improve SMMC-772 cell activity. Internal injection of As2O3 into transplanted tumors in nude mice with SMMC-7721 hepatocellular lines could remarkably inhabit the growth of tumors with inhabiting rate being 52.37%, and immunohistochemistry also revealed that As2O3 could apparently up-regulate cell apoptosis-related Bax and Caspase-3 expression, and down-regulate Bcl-2 expression. Conclusion: As2O3 can inhabit the growth and in vivo oncogenesis of hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells, and induce SMMC-7721 cell apoptosis.
    Schlagwörter Arsenic trioxide ; Apoptosis ; SMMC-7721 cell ; In vivo oncogenesis ; Medicine ; R
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 610 ; 570
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2014-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag Third Party Medicine International Publishing Group Co. Limited
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  8. Artikel ; Online: Editorial

    Hanlin Ou / Fan Huang / Bo Shen / Zhenbo Gao / Feihe Ma / Devleena Samanta

    Frontiers in Chemistry, Vol

    Recent advances in the design of novel polymer nanoagents for cancer theranostics

    2023  Band 11

    Schlagwörter polymer nanoagent ; cancer theranostics ; chemiluminescent probe ; peptide nanomedicine ; extracellular vesicle ; smart drug delivery system ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag Frontiers Media S.A.
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  9. Artikel ; Online: Identification of differentially expressed genes between the colon and ileum of patients with inflammatory bowel disease by gene co-expression analysis

    Yuting Zhang / Bo Shen / Liya Zhuge / Yong Xie

    Journal of International Medical Research, Vol

    2020  Band 48

    Abstract: Objective We aimed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEG) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods RNA-seq data were obtained from the Array Express database. DEG were identified using the edgeR package. A co-expression ... ...

    Abstract Objective We aimed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEG) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods RNA-seq data were obtained from the Array Express database. DEG were identified using the edgeR package. A co-expression network was constructed and key modules with the highest correlation with IBD inflammatory sites were identified for analysis. The Cytoscape MCODE plugin was used to identify key sub-modules of the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. The genes in the sub-modules were considered hub genes, and functional enrichment analysis was performed. Furthermore, we constructed a drug–gene interaction network. Finally, we visualized the hub gene expression pattern between the colon and ileum of IBD using the ggpubr package and analyzed it using the Wilcoxon test. Results DEG were identified between the colon and ileum of IBD patients. Based on the co-expression network, the green module had the highest correlation with IBD inflammatory sites. In total, 379 DEG in the green module were identified for the PPI network. Nineteen hub genes were differentially expressed between the colon and ileum. The drug–gene network identified these hub genes as potential drug targets. Conclusion Nineteen DEG were identified between the colon and ileum of IBD patients.
    Schlagwörter Medicine (General) ; R5-920
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 610
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2020-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag SAGE Publishing
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  10. Artikel ; Online: Identification of modules and novel prognostic biomarkers in liver cancer through integrated bioinformatics analysis

    Bo Shen / Kun Li / Yuting Zhang

    FEBS Open Bio, Vol 10, Iss 11, Pp 2388-

    2020  Band 2403

    Abstract: Liver cancer is a common malignant tumor with poor prognosis. Due to the lack of specific clinical manifestations at early stages, most patients are already at advanced stages of the disease by the time of diagnosis. Identification of novel biomarkers ... ...

    Abstract Liver cancer is a common malignant tumor with poor prognosis. Due to the lack of specific clinical manifestations at early stages, most patients are already at advanced stages of the disease by the time of diagnosis. Identification of novel biomarkers for liver cancer may thus enable earlier detection, improving outcome. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous noncoding RNAs of 18–22 nucleotides in length, which have a regulatory role in the expression of target proteins. Increased evidence suggests that miRNAs are abnormally expressed in a variety of cancer malignancies. Here, we combined RNA sequencing data and clinical information from The Cancer Genome Atlas Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma database for weighted gene coexpression network analysis to identify potential miRNA prognostic biomarkers. We constructed nine coexpression modules, allowing us to identify that miR‐105‐5p, miR‐767‐5p, miR‐1266‐5p, miR‐4746‐5p, miR‐500a‐3p, miR‐1180‐3p and miR‐139‐5p are significantly associated with liver cancer prognosis. We found that these miRNAs exhibit significant association with prognosis of patients with liver cancer and confirmed the expression of these miRNAs in liver cancer tissues. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that miR‐105‐5p and miR‐139‐5p may be considered as independent factors. In summary, here we report that seven miRNAs have potential value as prognostic biomarkers of liver cancer.
    Schlagwörter competitive endogenous RNAs ; liver cancer ; microRNA ; prognosis ; weighted gene coexpression network analysis ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 610 ; 500
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2020-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag Wiley
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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