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Artikel ; Online: Real-time Spread Burst Detection in Data Streaming.

Wang, Haibo / Melissourgos, Dimitrios / Ma, Chaoyi / Chen, Shigang

Proceedings of the ACM on measurement and analysis of computing systems

2023 Band 7, Heft 2

Abstract: Data streaming has many applications in network monitoring, web services, e-commerce, stock trading, social networks, and distributed sensing. This paper introduces a new problem of real-time burst detection in flow spread, which differs from the ... ...

Abstract	Data streaming has many applications in network monitoring, web services, e-commerce, stock trading, social networks, and distributed sensing. This paper introduces a new problem of real-time burst detection in flow spread, which differs from the traditional problem of burst detection in flow size. It is practically significant with potential applications in cybersecurity, network engineering, and trend identification on the Internet. It is a challenging problem because estimating flow spread requires us to remember all past data items and detecting bursts in real time requires us to minimize spread estimation overhead, which was not the priority in most prior work. This paper provides the first efficient, real-time solution for spread burst detection. It is designed based on a new real-time super spreader identifier, which outperforms the state of the art in terms of both accuracy and processing overhead. The super spreader identifier is in turn based on a new sketch design for real-time spread estimation, which outperforms the best existing sketches.
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2023-05-22
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ISSN	2476-1249
ISSN (online)	2476-1249
DOI	10.1145/3589979
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel: A Hierarchical Spatial Transformer for Massive Point Samples in Continuous Space.

He, Wenchong / Jiang, Zhe / Xiao, Tingsong / Xu, Zelin / Chen, Shigang / Fick, Ronald / Medina, Miles / Angelini, Christine

Advances in neural information processing systems

2024 Band 36, Seite(n) 33365–33378

Abstract: Transformers are widely used deep learning architectures. Existing transformers are mostly designed for sequences (texts or time series), images or videos, and graphs. This paper proposes a novel transformer model for massive (up to a million) point ... ...

Abstract	Transformers are widely used deep learning architectures. Existing transformers are mostly designed for sequences (texts or time series), images or videos, and graphs. This paper proposes a novel transformer model for massive (up to a million) point samples in continuous space. Such data are ubiquitous in environment sciences (e.g., sensor observations), numerical simulations (e.g., particle-laden flow, astrophysics), and location-based services (e.g., POIs and trajectories). However, designing a transformer for massive spatial points is non-trivial due to several challenges, including implicit long-range and multi-scale dependency on irregular points in continuous space, a non-uniform point distribution, the potential high computational costs of calculating all-pair attention across massive points, and the risks of over-confident predictions due to varying point density. To address these challenges, we propose a new hierarchical spatial transformer model, which includes multi-resolution representation learning within a quad-tree hierarchy and efficient spatial attention via coarse approximation. We also design an uncertainty quantification branch to estimate prediction confidence related to input feature noise and point sparsity. We provide a theoretical analysis of computational time complexity and memory costs. Extensive experiments on both real-world and synthetic datasets show that our method outperforms multiple baselines in prediction accuracy and our model can scale up to one million points on one NVIDIA A100 GPU. The code is available at https://github.com/spatialdatasciencegroup/HST.
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2024-05-13
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1012320-9
ISSN	1049-5258
ISSN	1049-5258
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel: Improved stability and activity of Fe-based catalysts through strong metal support interactions due to extrinsic oxygen vacancies in Ce₀.₈Sm₀.₂O₂₋δ for the efficient synthesis of ammonia

Humphreys, John / Lan, Rong / Chen, Shigang / Tao, Shanwen

Journal of materials chemistry A. 2020 Aug. 18, v. 8, no. 32

2020

Abstract: In this article, hematite α-Fe₂O₃ was used as the precursor for the iron-based ammonia synthesis catalyst. Ce₀.₈Sm₀.₂O₂₋δ (SDC), with extrinsic oxygen vacancies was used as a promoter for forming an Fe–SDC composite catalyst. The new Fe–SDC catalyst ... ...

Abstract	In this article, hematite α-Fe₂O₃ was used as the precursor for the iron-based ammonia synthesis catalyst. Ce₀.₈Sm₀.₂O₂₋δ (SDC), with extrinsic oxygen vacancies was used as a promoter for forming an Fe–SDC composite catalyst. The new Fe–SDC catalyst achieves both high catalytic activity and excellent oxygenate tolerance, working with excellent stability at a feed-gas purity of 99.996%. At 500 °C, 10 MPa for the 80% Fe–20% SDC catalyst, and 15 MPa for the industrial Fe catalysts, and at an impurity level of 150 ppm, with known injected 107.5 ppm O₂, the activity of Fe–SDC retains 47.3% of that measured in purified gases while it is only 26.4% and 7.6% for the wüstite and magnetite – based industrial Fe catalysts respectively. It is believed that the introduction of extra extrinsic oxygen vacancies strengthen the strong metal-support interaction (SMSI), preventing the growth of formed Fe particles, leading to excellent stability and high tolerance to oxygenates. The SMSI between Fe and oxygen vacancies in SDC may also help to weaken and break the strong NN bonds in N₂, increasing the catalytic activity. The use of promoters with extrinsic oxygen and potentially other anion vacancies provides a new strategy to develop oxygenate tolerant catalysts for efficient synthesis of ammonia from less pure feed gases at reduced pressures.
Schlagwörter	ammonia ; catalysts ; catalytic activity ; gases ; hematite ; iron ; magnetite ; nitrogen ; oxygen
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsverlauf	2020-0818
Umfang	p. 16676-16689.
Erscheinungsort	The Royal Society of Chemistry
Dokumenttyp	Artikel
ZDB-ID	2702232-8
ISSN	2050-7496 ; 2050-7488
ISSN (online)	2050-7496
ISSN	2050-7488
DOI	10.1039/d0ta05238h
Datenquelle	NAL Katalog (AGRICOLA)

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Artikel ; Online: Training Medical-Diagnosis Neural Networks on the Cloud with Privacy-Sensitive Patient Data from Multiple Clients.

Melissourgos, Dimitrios / Gao, Hanzhi / Ma, Chaoyi / Chen, Shigang / Wu, Sam S

... International Conference on Contemporary Computing. IC3 (Conference)

2022 Band 2022, Seite(n) 502–508

Abstract: Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are changing the paradigm in medical diagnosis. However, it remains an open problem how to outsource the model training operations to the cloud while protecting the privacy of distributed patient data. Homomorphic ... ...

Abstract	Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are changing the paradigm in medical diagnosis. However, it remains an open problem how to outsource the model training operations to the cloud while protecting the privacy of distributed patient data. Homomorphic encryption suffers from high overhead over data independently encrypted from numerous sources, differential privacy introduces a high level of noise which drastically increases the number of patient records needed to train a model, while federated learning requires all participants to perform synchronized local training that counters our goal of outsourcing all training operations to the cloud. This paper proposes to use matrix masking for outsourcing all model training operations to the cloud with privacy protection. After outsourcing their masked data to the cloud, the clients do not need to coordinate and perform any local training operations. The accuracy of the models trained by the cloud from the masked data is comparable to the accuracy of the optimal benchmark models that are trained directly from the original raw data. Our results are confirmed by experimental studies on privacy-preserving cloud training of medical-diagnosis neural network models based on real-world Alzheimer's disease data and Parkinson's disease data.
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2022-10-24
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ISSN	2572-6129
ISSN (online)	2572-6129
DOI	10.1145/3549206.3549291
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Effects of plant growth regulators and sucrose on proliferation and quality of embryogenic tissue in Picea pungens.

Gao, Fang / Cao, Xi / Qin, Caiyun / Chen, Shigang / Cai, Jufeng / Sun, Changbin / Kong, Lisheng / Tao, Jing

Scientific reports

2023 Band 13, Heft 1, Seite(n) 13194

Abstract: Embryogenic tissue (ET) is important for genetic modification and plant re-generation. The proliferation ability and vigor of ET are crucial for plant propagation via somatic embryogenesis. In this study, ET was induced from mature zygotic embryos in ... ...

Abstract	Embryogenic tissue (ET) is important for genetic modification and plant re-generation. The proliferation ability and vigor of ET are crucial for plant propagation via somatic embryogenesis. In this study, ET was induced from mature zygotic embryos in blue spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.). There were significant differences in ET induction between two provenances, i.e. 78.8 ± 12.5% and 62.50 ± 12.8% respectively. Effects of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), 6-Benzyl amino-purine (6-BA) and/or sucrose on ET proliferation and somatic embryo (SE) maturation were further investigated with four cell lines. The highest ET proliferation rate reached 1473.7 ± 556.0% biweekly. Concentrations of 2,4-D or 6-BA applied at tissue proliferation stage impacted SE maturation among the cell lines, whereas sucrose showed less effects. The highest rate, 408 ± 230 mature SEs/g FW, was achieved in SE maturation cultures. This research demonstrated that the culture conditions, i.e. the specific concentrations of 2,4-D and BA, at ET proliferation stage affected not only ET growth, but also the quality of ET for SE maturation. This study revealed the necessity and benefit in developing both the general and the genotype-specific protocols for efficient production of mature SEs, or somatic plants in blue spruce.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Plant Growth Regulators/pharmacology ; Plant Growth Regulators/metabolism ; Picea/genetics ; Sucrose/pharmacology ; Sucrose/metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid/pharmacology ; Seeds ; Plant Somatic Embryogenesis Techniques/methods
Chemische Substanzen	Plant Growth Regulators ; Sucrose (57-50-1) ; 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2577AQ9262)
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2023-08-14
Erscheinungsland	England
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-39389-8
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Buch ; Online: Reducing Noise Level in Differential Privacy through Matrix Masking

Ding, A. Adam / Wu, Samuel S. / Miao, Guanhong / Chen, Shigang

2022

Abstract: Differential privacy schemes have been widely adopted in recent years to address issues of data privacy protection. We propose a new Gaussian scheme combining with another data protection technique, called random orthogonal matrix masking, to achieve $(\ ... ...

Abstract	Differential privacy schemes have been widely adopted in recent years to address issues of data privacy protection. We propose a new Gaussian scheme combining with another data protection technique, called random orthogonal matrix masking, to achieve $(\varepsilon, \delta)$-differential privacy (DP) more efficiently. We prove that the additional matrix masking significantly reduces the rate of noise variance required in the Gaussian scheme to achieve $(\varepsilon, \delta)-$DP in big data setting. Specifically, when $\varepsilon \to 0$, $\delta \to 0$, and the sample size $n$ exceeds the number $p$ of attributes by $(n-p)=O(ln(1/\delta))$, the required additive noise variance to achieve $(\varepsilon, \delta)$-DP is reduced from $O(ln(1/\delta)/\varepsilon^2)$ to $O(1/\varepsilon)$. With much less noise added, the resulting differential privacy protected pseudo data sets allow much more accurate inferences, thus can significantly improve the scope of application for differential privacy. Comment: 31 pages
Schlagwörter	Computer Science - Cryptography and Security ; Mathematics - Statistics Theory ; 68P27 ; 62A99 ; 68P25
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	303
Erscheinungsdatum	2022-01-11
Erscheinungsland	us
Dokumenttyp	Buch ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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Artikel ; Online: Optimizing Somatic Embryogenesis Initiation, Maturation and Preculturing for Cryopreservation in Picea pungens

Cao, Xi / Gao, Fang / Qin, Caiyun / Chen, Shigang / Cai, Jufeng / Sun, Changbin / Weng, Yuhui / Tao, Jing

Forests. 2022 Dec. 08, v. 13, no. 12

2022

Abstract: Picea pungens (Engelm.), known for its blue-green needles, has become a likable ornamental species in northeast China since 2000. Nonetheless, a lack of propagation methods that can maintain genetic fidelity and develop seedlings at a large scale ... ...

Abstract	Picea pungens (Engelm.), known for its blue-green needles, has become a likable ornamental species in northeast China since 2000. Nonetheless, a lack of propagation methods that can maintain genetic fidelity and develop seedlings at a large scale prevents the further expansion of the species. Somatic embryogenesis (SE), paired with cryopreservation technologies, may provide a valid alternative. Picea pungens SE is not new, but its practical application has been limited due to low efficiencies in SE initiation and maturation as well as a lack of effective cryopreservation technology. In this study, experiments were carried out to overcome the limitations by modifying culture media. For initiation, the efficiency was enhanced by adjusting concentrations of 2.4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), 6-benzyl amino–purine (6-BA) or sucrose supplemented to the induction medium. The concentrations of 4.0 mg/L 2,4-D, 2 mg/L 6-BA, and 5 to 10 g/L sucrose were found optimal in maximizing initiation efficiency. For maturation, the efficiency, expressed as the number of mature somatic embryos per gram of fresh mass cultured (E/gFM), varied greatly with the choices of the basal medium and concentration of abscisic acid (ABA) of the maturation medium. Based on our results, the judicial choices were using the DCR medium as the basal medium and 10 mg/L ABA. The maturation efficiency could also be improved by adjusting the maturation medium’s osmotic pressure by manipulating the concentrations of carbohydrate and Gelrite and culture density. While the maturation medium, using sucrose as carbohydrate source or supplemented with a low (<8 g/L) Gelrite concentration, facilitated maturation, optimal selections were truly genotype-dependent. Our results also suggest that, while the optimal culture density varied with genotype, in general it is needless to culture more than 100 mg embryogenesis tissues per dish (size: 10 × 1.5 cm). Based on this study, the optimum pretreatment for embryogenesis tissue cryopreservation was culturing the tissues on the proliferation medium with 0.4 mol/L sorbitol for 24 h, followed by treatment with 5% Dimethyl sulfoxide. This study significantly improved the initiation (achieved a frequency of 0.56) and embryo maturation efficiencies (achieved 1030 E/gFM) and established an effective preculturing protocol for cryopreservation (recovered 1354 E/gFM) for the species. The protocols developed here, paired with the available ones for other SE steps in the literature, form a well-refined SE technology intended for commercial application to Picea pungens.
Schlagwörter	2,4-D ; Picea pungens ; abscisic acid ; acetic acid ; cryopreservation ; culture media ; dimethyl sulfoxide ; genotype ; osmotic pressure ; somatic embryogenesis ; sorbitol ; sucrose ; China
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsverlauf	2022-1208
Erscheinungsort	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
ZDB-ID	2527081-3
ISSN	1999-4907
ISSN	1999-4907
DOI	10.3390/f13122097
Datenquelle	NAL Katalog (AGRICOLA)

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Artikel ; Online: A fast ceramic mixed OH

Zou, Peimiao / Iuga, Dinu / Ling, Sanliang / Brown, Alex J / Chen, Shigang / Zhang, Mengfei / Han, Yisong / Fortes, A Dominic / Howard, Christopher M / Tao, Shanwen

Nature communications

2024 Band 15, Heft 1, Seite(n) 909

Abstract: Low temperature ionic conducting materials such as ... ...

Abstract	Low temperature ionic conducting materials such as OH
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2024-01-30
Erscheinungsland	England
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-024-45060-1
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Investigation of Perovskite Oxide SrCo

Zou, Peimiao / Chen, Shigang / Lan, Rong / Tao, Shanwen

ChemSusChem

2019 Band 12, Heft 12, Seite(n) 2788–2794

Abstract: Single-phase perovskite oxide ... ...

Abstract	Single-phase perovskite oxide SrCo
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2019-05-22
Erscheinungsland	Germany
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ISSN	1864-564X
ISSN (online)	1864-564X
DOI	10.1002/cssc.201900451
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel: Collusion Resistant Multi-Matrix Masking for Privacy-Preserving Data Collection.

Wu, Samuel S / Chen, Shigang / Bhattacharjee, Abhishek / He, Ying

The Third IEEE International Conference on Big Data Security on Cloud, IEEE BigDataSecurity 2017 : The Third IEEE International Conference on High Performance and Smart Computing, IEEE HPSC 2017 ; the Second IEEE International Conferenc...

2020 Band 2017, Seite(n) 1–7

Abstract: An integral part of any social or medical research is the availability of reliable data. For the integrity of participants' responses, a secure environment for collecting sensitive data is required. This paper introduces a novel privacy-preserving data ... ...

Abstract	An integral part of any social or medical research is the availability of reliable data. For the integrity of participants' responses, a secure environment for collecting sensitive data is required. This paper introduces a novel privacy-preserving data collection method:
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2020-09-29
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
DOI	10.1109/bigdatasecurity.2017.10
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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