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  1. Article ; Online: Airway pathogens detected in stable and exacerbated COPD in patients in Asia-Pacific

    Laura Taddei / Lucio Malvisi / David S. Hui / Ludovic Malvaux / Ronnie Z. Samoro / Sang Haak Lee / Yiu Cheong Yeung / Yu-Chih Liu / Ashwani Kumar Arora

    ERJ Open Research, Vol 8, Iss

    2022  Volume 3

    Abstract: Background The burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the Asia-Pacific region is projected to increase. Data from other regions show bacterial and viral infections can trigger acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD). Methods This 1-year ... ...

    Abstract Background The burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the Asia-Pacific region is projected to increase. Data from other regions show bacterial and viral infections can trigger acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD). Methods This 1-year prospective epidemiological study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03151395) of patients with moderate to very severe COPD in Hong Kong, the Philippines, South Korea and Taiwan assessed the prevalence in sputum samples (by culture and PCR) of bacterial and viral pathogens during stable COPD and AECOPD. The odds of experiencing an exacerbation was evaluated for pathogen presence, acquisition and apparition. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) was assessed. Results 197 patients provided 983 sputum samples, with 226 provided during exacerbation episodes. The mean yearly AECOPD incidence rate was 1.27 per patient. The most prevalent bacteria by PCR at exacerbation were Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) and Moraxella catarrhalis (Mcat); Mcat prevalence was higher at exacerbation than at stable state. Virus prevalence was low, other than for human rhinovirus (HRV) (8.1%, stable state; 16.6%, exacerbation). The odds ratio (95% CI) for an exacerbation (versus stable state) was statistically significant for the presence, acquisition and apparition of Hi (2.20, 1.26–3.89; 2.43, 1.11–5.35; 2.32, 1.20–4.46, respectively), Mcat (2.24, 1.30–3.88; 5.47, 2.16–13.86; 3.45, 1.71–6.98, respectively) and HRV (2.12, 1.15–3.91; 2.22, 1.09–4.54; 2.09, 1.11–3.91, respectively). HRQOL deteriorated according to the number of exacerbations experienced. Conclusion In patients with COPD in the Asia-Pacific region, the presence of Hi, Mcat or HRV in sputum samples significantly increased the odds of an exacerbation, providing further evidence of potential roles in triggering AECOPD.
    Keywords Medicine ; R
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher European Respiratory Society
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Persistence of Pneumococcal Serotype 3 in Adult Pneumococcal Disease in Hong Kong

    Reema Subramanian / Veranja Liyanapathirana / Nilakshi Barua / Rui Sun / Maggie Haitian Wang / Rita Ng / Edmund A. S. Nelson / David S. Hui / Margaret Ip

    Vaccines, Vol 9, Iss 756, p

    2021  Volume 756

    Abstract: The epidemiology of hospitalised pneumococcal disease in adults following the introduction of universal childhood pneumococcal immunisation in 2009 was assessed. Culture-confirmed Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) from adults hospitalised between 2009 to ... ...

    Abstract The epidemiology of hospitalised pneumococcal disease in adults following the introduction of universal childhood pneumococcal immunisation in 2009 was assessed. Culture-confirmed Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) from adults hospitalised between 2009 to 2017 were examined. The cases were categorised into invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and pneumonia (bacteraemic, non-bacteraemic, and that associated with other lung conditions). The isolates were serotyped and antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined by microbroth dilution. Patient characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes were analysed. Seven hundred and seventy-four patients (mean age, 67.7 years, SD ± 15.6) were identified, and IPD was diagnosed in 110 (14.2%). The most prevalent serotype, 19F, was replaced by serotype 3 over time. Penicillin and cefotaxime non-susceptibilities were high at 54.1% and 39.5% (meningitis breakpoints), 19.9% and 25.5% (non-meningitis breakpoints), respectively. The overall 30-day mortality rate was 7.8% and 20.4% for IPD. Age ≥ 75 years (OR:4.6, CI:1.3–17.0, p < 0.02), presence of any complications (OR:4.1, CI:1.02–16.3, p < 0.05), pleural effusion (OR:6.7, CI:1.2–39.4, p < 0.03) and intensive care unit (ICU) admission (OR:9.0, CI:1.3–63.4, p < 0.03) were independent predictors of 30-day mortality. Pneumococcal disease by PCV 13 covered serotypes; in particular, 19F and 3 are still prominent in adults. Strengthening targeted adult vaccination may be necessary in order to reduce disease burden.
    Keywords pneumococcal disease ; pneumonia ; adults ; risk factors ; serotype 3 ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Exhaled air dispersion during bag-mask ventilation and sputum suctioning - Implications for infection control

    Matthew T. V. Chan / Benny K. Chow / Thomas Lo / Fanny W. Ko / Susanna S. Ng / Tony Gin / David S. Hui

    Scientific Reports, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2018  Volume 8

    Abstract: Abstract Mask ventilation and coughing during oro-tracheal suctioning produce aerosols that enhance nosocomial transmission of respiratory infections. We examined the extent of exhaled air dispersion from a human-patient-simulator during mask ventilation ...

    Abstract Abstract Mask ventilation and coughing during oro-tracheal suctioning produce aerosols that enhance nosocomial transmission of respiratory infections. We examined the extent of exhaled air dispersion from a human-patient-simulator during mask ventilation by different groups of healthcare workers and coughing bouts. The simulator was programmed to mimic varying severity of lung injury. Exhaled airflow was marked with tiny smoke particles, and highlighted by laser light-sheet. We determined the normalized exhaled air concentration in the leakage jet plume from the light scattered by smoke particles. Smoke concentration ≥20% was considered as significant exposure. Exhaled air leaked from mask-face interface in the transverse plane was most severe (267 ± 44 mm) with Ambu silicone resuscitator performed by nurses. Dispersion was however similar among anesthesiologists/intensivists, respiratory physicians and medical students using Ambu or Laerdal silicone resuscitator, p = 0.974. The largest dispersion was 860 ± 93 mm during normal coughing effort without tracheal intubation and decreased with worsening coughing efforts. Oro-tracheal suctioning reduced dispersion significantly, p < 0.001, and was more effective when applied continuously. Skills to ensure good fit during mask ventilation are important in preventing air leakage through the mask-face interface. Continuous oro-tracheal suctioning minimized exhaled air dispersion during coughing bouts when performing aerosol-generating procedures.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 690 ; 535
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Risk of dispersion or aerosol generation and infection transmission with nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs for detection of COVID-19

    Karen EA Burns / Janet Diaz / Dipayan Chaudhuri / John Basmaji / David S Hui / Neill K J Adhikari / Fiona Muttalib / Samira Mubareka / Layla Bakaa / Sonia Brar / David Granton / Devin Chetan / Malini Hu / Charles D Gomersall

    BMJ Open, Vol 11, Iss

    a systematic review

    2021  Volume 3

    Abstract: Objectives SARS-CoV-2-related disease, referred to as COVID-19, has emerged as a global pandemic since December 2019. While there is growing recognition regarding possible airborne transmission, particularly in the setting of aerosol-generating ... ...

    Abstract Objectives SARS-CoV-2-related disease, referred to as COVID-19, has emerged as a global pandemic since December 2019. While there is growing recognition regarding possible airborne transmission, particularly in the setting of aerosol-generating procedures and treatments, whether nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 generate aerosols remains unclear.Design Systematic review.Data sources We searched Ovid MEDLINE and EMBASE up to 3 November 2020. We also searched the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Medical Journal Network, medRxiv and ClinicalTrials.gov up to 29 March 2020.Eligibility criteria All comparative and non-comparative studies that evaluated dispersion or aerosolisation of viable airborne organisms, or transmission of infection associated with nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swab testing.Results Of 7702 citations, only one study was deemed eligible. Using a dedicated sampling room with negative pressure isolation room, personal protective equipment including N95 or higher masks, strict sterilisation protocols, structured training with standardised collection methods and a structured collection and delivery system, a tertiary care hospital proved a 0% healthcare worker infection rate among eight nurses conducting over 11 000 nasopharyngeal swabs. No studies examining transmissibility with other safety protocols, nor any studies quantifying the risk of aerosol generation with nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swabs for detection of SARS-CoV-2, were identified.Conclusions There is limited to no published data regarding aerosol generation and risk of transmission with nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. Field experiments to quantify this risk are warranted. Vigilance in adhering to current standards for infection control is suggested.
    Keywords Medicine ; R
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMJ Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Author Correction

    David S. Hui / Susanna S. Ng / Kin-Wang To / Fanny W. Ko / Jenny Ngai / Ken K. P. Chan / Wing-Ho Yip / Tat-On Chan / Karen Yiu / Wilson W. S. Tam

    Scientific Reports, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    A randomized controlled trial of an ambulatory approach versus the hospital-based approach in managing suspected obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

    2019  Volume 2

    Abstract: A correction has been published and is appended to both the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper. ...

    Abstract A correction has been published and is appended to both the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: COVID-19 travel restrictions and the International Health Regulations – Call for an open debate on easing of travel restrictions

    Eskild Petersen / Brian McCloskey / David S. Hui / Richard Kock / Francine Ntoumi / Ziad A. Memish / Nathan Kapata / Esam I. Azhar / Marjorie Pollack / Larry C. Madoff / Davidson H. Hamer / Jean B. Nachega / N. Pshenichnaya / Alimuddin Zumla

    International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol 94, Iss , Pp 88-

    2020  Volume 90

    Keywords Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216 ; covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Exhaled air dispersion during coughing with and without wearing a surgical or N95 mask.

    David S Hui / Benny K Chow / Leo Chu / Susanna S Ng / Nelson Lee / Tony Gin / Matthew T V Chan

    PLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 12, p e

    2012  Volume 50845

    Abstract: Objectives We compared the expelled air dispersion distances during coughing from a human patient simulator (HPS) lying at 45° with and without wearing a surgical mask or N95 mask in a negative pressure isolation room. Methods Airflow was marked with ... ...

    Abstract Objectives We compared the expelled air dispersion distances during coughing from a human patient simulator (HPS) lying at 45° with and without wearing a surgical mask or N95 mask in a negative pressure isolation room. Methods Airflow was marked with intrapulmonary smoke. Coughing bouts were generated by short bursts of oxygen flow at 650, 320, and 220L/min to simulate normal, mild and poor coughing efforts, respectively. The coughing jet was revealed by laser light-sheet and images were captured by high definition video. Smoke concentration in the plume was estimated from the light scattered by smoke particles. Significant exposure was arbitrarily defined where there was ≥ 20% of normalized smoke concentration. Results During normal cough, expelled air dispersion distances were 68, 30 and 15 cm along the median sagittal plane when the HPS wore no mask, a surgical mask and a N95 mask, respectively. In moderate lung injury, the corresponding air dispersion distances for mild coughing efforts were reduced to 55, 27 and 14 cm, respectively, p < 0.001. The distances were reduced to 30, 24 and 12 cm, respectively during poor coughing effort as in severe lung injury. Lateral dispersion distances during normal cough were 0, 28 and 15 cm when the HPS wore no mask, a surgical mask and a N95 mask, respectively. Conclusions Normal cough produced a turbulent jet about 0.7 m towards the end of the bed from the recumbent subject. N95 mask was more effective than surgical mask in preventing expelled air leakage during coughing but there was still significant sideway leakage.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Noninvasive mechanical ventilation in high-risk pulmonary infections

    Antonio M. Esquinas / S. Egbert Pravinkumar / Raffaele Scala / Peter Gay / Arie Soroksky / Christophe Girault / Fang Han / David S. Hui / Peter J. Papadakos / Nicolino Ambrosino / International NIV Network

    European Respiratory Review, Vol 23, Iss 134, Pp 427-

    a clinical review

    2014  Volume 438

    Abstract: The aim of this article was to review the role of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in acute pulmonary infectious diseases, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), H1N1 and tuberculosis, and to assess the risk of disease transmission with the use ... ...

    Abstract The aim of this article was to review the role of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in acute pulmonary infectious diseases, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), H1N1 and tuberculosis, and to assess the risk of disease transmission with the use of NIV from patients to healthcare workers. We performed a clinical review by searching Medline and EMBASE. These databases were searched for articles on ‘‘clinical trials’’ and ‘‘randomised controlled trials’’. The keywords selected were non-invasive ventilation pulmonary infections, influenza-A (H1N1), SARS and tuberculosis. These terms were cross-referenced with the following keywords: health care workers, airborne infections, complications, intensive care unit and pandemic. The members of the International NIV Network examined the major results regarding NIV applications and SARS, H1N1 and tuberculosis. Cross-referencing mechanical ventilation with SARS yielded 76 studies, of which 10 studies involved the use of NIV and five were ultimately selected for inclusion in this review. Cross-referencing with H1N1 yielded 275 studies, of which 27 involved NIV. Of these, 22 were selected for review. Cross-referencing with tuberculosis yielded 285 studies, of which 15 involved NIV and from these seven were selected. In total 34 studies were selected for this review. NIV, when applied early in selected patients with SARS, H1N1 and acute pulmonary tuberculosis infections, can reverse respiratory failure. There are only a few reports of infectious disease transmission among healthcare workers.
    Keywords Diseases of the respiratory system ; RC705-779 ; Specialties of internal medicine ; RC581-951 ; Internal medicine ; RC31-1245 ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher European Respiratory Society
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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