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  1. Article ; Online: The role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications

    GabrielVirella

    Frontiers in Endocrinology, Vol

    2014  Volume 5

    Keywords Diabetes Complications ; Immune System ; Pathogenesis ; diabetic complications ; Editorial ; Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ; RC648-665 ; Specialties of internal medicine ; RC581-951 ; Internal medicine ; RC31-1245 ; Medicine ; R
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: The Pathogenic Role of the Adaptive Immune Response to Modified LDL in Diabetes

    GabrielVirella / MariaF.Lopes-Virella

    Frontiers in Endocrinology, Vol

    2012  Volume 3

    Abstract: The main causes of morbidity and mortality in diabetes are macro and microvascular complications, including atherosclerosis, nephropathy, and retinopathy. As the definition of atherosclerosis as a chronic inflammatory disease became widely accepted, it ... ...

    Abstract The main causes of morbidity and mortality in diabetes are macro and microvascular complications, including atherosclerosis, nephropathy, and retinopathy. As the definition of atherosclerosis as a chronic inflammatory disease became widely accepted, it became important to define the triggers of vascular inflammation. Oxidative and other modifications of lipids and lipoproteins emerged as major pathogenic factors in atherosclerosis. Modified forms of LDL (mLDL) are proinflammatory by themselves, but, in addition, mLDLs including oxidized, malondialdehyde (MDA)-modified, and Advanced Glycation End (AGE)-product-modified LDL induce autoimmune responses in humans. The autoimmune response involves T cells in the arterial wall and synthesis of IgG antibodies. The IgG autoantibodies that react with mLDLs generate immune complexes (IC) both intra and extravascularly, and those IC activate the complement system as well as phagocytic cells via the ligation of Fcγ receptors. In vitro studies proved that the pro-inflammatory activity of IC containing mLDL (mLDL-IC) is several-fold higher than that of the modified LDL molecules. Clinical studies support the pathogenic role of mLDL-IC in the development of macrovasccular disease patients with diabetes. In type 1 diabetes, high levels of oxidized and AGE- LDL in IC were associated with internal carotid intima-media thickening and coronary calcification. In type 2 diabetes, high levels of MDA-LDL in IC predicted the occurrence of myocardial infarction. There is also evidence that mLDL-IC are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy. The pathogenic role of mLDL-IC is not unique to diabetic patients, because those IC are also detected in non-diabetic individuals. But mLDL IC are likely to reach higher concentrations and have a more prominent pathogenic role in diabetes due to increased antigenic load secondary to high oxidative stress and to enhanced autoimmune responses in type 1 diabetes.
    Keywords Atherosclerosis ; LDL modification in diabetes ; immune complexes ; autoimmune response to modified LDL ; diabetic complications ; oxidized LDL ; oxidized LDL antibodies ; nephropathy ; Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ; RC648-665 ; Specialties of internal medicine ; RC581-951 ; Internal medicine ; RC31-1245 ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

    Full text online

    More links

    Kategorien

    Inter-library loan at ZB MED

    Your chosen title can be delivered directly to ZB MED Cologne location if you are registered as a user at ZB MED Cologne.

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