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Artikel ; Online: Real-Time High Throughput Technique to Quantify Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Formation in Human Neutrophils.

Nakabo, Shuichiro / Kaplan, Mariana J / Gupta, Sarthak

Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE

2023 , Heft 202

Abstract: Neutrophils are myeloid-lineage cells that form a crucial part of the innate immune system. The past decade has revealed additional key roles that neutrophils play in the pathogenesis of cancer, autoimmune diseases, and various acute and chronic ... ...

Abstract	Neutrophils are myeloid-lineage cells that form a crucial part of the innate immune system. The past decade has revealed additional key roles that neutrophils play in the pathogenesis of cancer, autoimmune diseases, and various acute and chronic inflammatory conditions by contributing to the initiation and perpetuation of immune dysregulation through multiple mechanisms, including the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are structures crucial in antimicrobial defense. Limitations in techniques to quantify NET formation in an unbiased, reproducible, and efficient way have restricted our ability to further understand the role of neutrophils in health and diseases. We describe an automated, real-time, high-throughput method to quantify neutrophils undergoing NET formation using a live cell imaging platform coupled with a membrane permeability-dependent dual-dye approach using two different DNA dyes to image intracellular and extracellular DNA. This methodology is able to help assess neutrophil physiology and test molecules that can target NET formation.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Humans ; Neutrophils ; Extracellular Traps ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Cell Membrane Permeability ; Coloring Agents ; DNA
Chemische Substanzen	Coloring Agents ; DNA (9007-49-2)
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2023-12-01
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Video-Audio Media
ZDB-ID	2259946-0
ISSN	1940-087X ; 1940-087X
ISSN (online)	1940-087X
ISSN	1940-087X
DOI	10.3791/66051
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Bite of the wolf: innate immune responses propagate autoimmunity in lupus.

Gupta, Sarthak / Kaplan, Mariana J

The Journal of clinical investigation

2021 Band 131, Heft 3

Abstract: The etiopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a clinically heterogeneous multisystemic syndrome that derives its name from the initial characterization of facial lesions that resemble the bite of a wolf, is considered a complex, ... ...

Abstract	The etiopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a clinically heterogeneous multisystemic syndrome that derives its name from the initial characterization of facial lesions that resemble the bite of a wolf, is considered a complex, multifactorial interplay between underlying genetic susceptibility factors and the environment. Prominent pathogenic factors include the induction of aberrant cell death pathways coupled with defective cell death clearance mechanisms that promote excessive externalization of modified cellular and nuclear debris with subsequent loss of tolerance to a wide variety of autoantigens and innate and adaptive immune dysregulation. While abnormalities in adaptive immunity are well recognized and are key to the pathogenesis of SLE, recent findings have emphasized fundamental roles of the innate immune system in the initiation and propagation of autoimmunity and the development of organ damage in this disease. This Review focuses on recent discoveries regarding the role of components of the innate immune system, specifically neutrophils and interferons, in promoting various aspects of lupus pathogenesis, with potential implications for novel therapeutic strategies.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Adaptive Immunity ; Animals ; Autoimmunity ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Interferons/immunology ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/pathology ; Neutrophils/immunology ; Neutrophils/pathology
Chemische Substanzen	Interferons (9008-11-1)
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2021-02-02
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Review
ZDB-ID	3067-3
ISSN	1558-8238 ; 0021-9738
ISSN (online)	1558-8238
ISSN	0021-9738
DOI	10.1172/JCI144918
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel: How cells wrap around virus-like particles using extracellular filamentous protein structures.

Gupta, Sarthak / Santangelo, Christian D / Patteson, Alison E / Schwarz, J M

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2023

Abstract: Nanoparticles, such as viruses, can enter cells via endocytosis. During endocytosis, the cell surface wraps around the nanoparticle to effectively eat it. Prior focus has been on how nanoparticle size and shape impacts endocytosis. However, inspired by ... ...

Abstract	Nanoparticles, such as viruses, can enter cells via endocytosis. During endocytosis, the cell surface wraps around the nanoparticle to effectively eat it. Prior focus has been on how nanoparticle size and shape impacts endocytosis. However, inspired by the noted presence of extracellular vimentin affecting viral and bacteria uptake, as well as the structure of coronaviruses, we construct a computational model in which
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2023-01-30
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2023.01.30.526272
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: How cells wrap around virus-like particles using extracellular filamentous protein structures.

Gupta, Sarthak / Santangelo, Christian D / Patteson, Alison E / Schwarz, J M

ArXiv

2023

Abstract	Nanoparticles, such as viruses, can enter cells via endocytosis. During endocytosis, the cell surface wraps around the nanoparticle to effectively eat it. Prior focus has been on how nanoparticle size and shape impacts endocytosis. However, inspired by the noted presence of extracellular vimentin affecting viral and bacteria uptake, as well as the structure of coronaviruses, we construct a computational model in which
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2023-01-24
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Preprint
ISSN	2331-8422
ISSN (online)	2331-8422
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Neuromorphic Time-Multiplexed Reservoir Computing With On-the-Fly Weight Generation for Edge Devices.

Gupta, Sarthak / Chakraborty, Satrajit / Thakur, Chetan Singh

IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems

2022 Band 33, Heft 6, Seite(n) 2676–2685

Abstract: The human brain has evolved to perform complex and computationally expensive cognitive tasks, such as audio-visual perception and object detection, with ease. For instance, the brain can recognize speech in different dialects and perform other cognitive ... ...

Abstract	The human brain has evolved to perform complex and computationally expensive cognitive tasks, such as audio-visual perception and object detection, with ease. For instance, the brain can recognize speech in different dialects and perform other cognitive tasks, such as attention, memory, and motor control, with just 20 W of power consumption. Taking inspiration from neural systems, we propose a low-power neuromorphic hardware architecture to perform classification on temporal data at the edge. The proposed architecture uses a neuromorphic cochlea model for feature extraction and reservoir computing (RC) framework as a classifier. In the proposed hardware architecture, the RC framework is modified for on-the-fly generation of reservoir connectivity, along with binary feedforward and reservoir weights. Also, a large reservoir is split into multiple small reservoirs for efficient use of hardware resources. These modifications reduce the computational and memory resources required, thereby resulting in a lower power budget. The proposed classifier is validated for speech and human activity recognition (HAR) tasks. We have prototyped our hardware architecture using Intel's cyclone-10 low-power series field-programmable gate array (FPGA), consuming only 4790 logic elements (LEs) and 34.9-kB memory, making it a perfect candidate for edge computing applications. Moreover, we have implemented a complete system for speech recognition with the feature extraction block (cochlea model) and the proposed classifier, utilizing 15 532 LEs and 38.4-kB memory. By using the proposed idea of multiple small reservoirs along with on-the-fly generation of reservoir binary weights, our architecture can reduce the power consumption and memory requirement by order of magnitude compared to existing FPGA models for speech recognition tasks with similar complexity.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Brain ; Computers ; Neural Networks, Computer
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2022-06-01
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2162-2388
ISSN (online)	2162-2388
DOI	10.1109/TNNLS.2021.3085165
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Quantification of Neutrophils Undergoing NET Formation and Distinguishing Mechanisms of Neutrophil Cell Death by Use of a High-Throughput Method.

Nakabo, Shuichiro / Kaplan, Mariana J / Gupta, Sarthak

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

2022 Band 2543, Seite(n) 129–140

Abstract: Neutrophils, the most abundant white blood cell type in humans, play a crucial role in innate host defenses. Recent studies have revealed additional key roles in the pathogenesis of cancer and autoimmune diseases through multiple mechanisms including the ...

Abstract	Neutrophils, the most abundant white blood cell type in humans, play a crucial role in innate host defenses. Recent studies have revealed additional key roles in the pathogenesis of cancer and autoimmune diseases through multiple mechanisms including the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Further research to expand the understanding of neutrophils' role in health and diseases is limited by lack of techniques to quantify neutrophils undergoing NET formation in an objective, reproducible, and efficient manner. In this chapter, we describe an automated high-throughput method to quantify NETting neutrophils in real time using a two-color, live-content imaging platform, the IncuCyte™S3 (Essen BioScience, Inc.) system, coupled to membrane integrity-dependent dual-dye approach to image intracellular and extracellular DNA. Based on characteristic differences in nuclear morphology and membrane integrity, this method may also be used to distinguish between different types of neutrophil cell death. This platform can help to assess neutrophil physiology and to develop and test therapeutic targets.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Autoimmune Diseases/metabolism ; Cell Death ; DNA/metabolism ; Extracellular Traps/metabolism ; Humans ; Neutrophils/metabolism
Chemische Substanzen	DNA (9007-49-2)
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2022-09-10
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
ISSN	1940-6029
ISSN (online)	1940-6029
DOI	10.1007/978-1-0716-2553-8_11
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Buch ; Online: [Re] Double Sampling Randomized Smoothing

Gupta, Aryan / Gupta, Sarthak / Kumar, Abhay / Dugar, Harsh

2023

Abstract: This paper is a contribution to the reproducibility challenge in the field of machine learning, specifically addressing the issue of certifying the robustness of neural networks (NNs) against adversarial perturbations. The proposed Double Sampling ... ...

Abstract	This paper is a contribution to the reproducibility challenge in the field of machine learning, specifically addressing the issue of certifying the robustness of neural networks (NNs) against adversarial perturbations. The proposed Double Sampling Randomized Smoothing (DSRS) framework overcomes the limitations of existing methods by using an additional smoothing distribution to improve the robustness certification. The paper provides a clear manifestation of DSRS for a generalized family of Gaussian smoothing and a computationally efficient method for implementation. The experiments on MNIST and CIFAR-10 demonstrate the effectiveness of DSRS, consistently certifying larger robust radii compared to other methods. Also various ablations studies are conducted to further analyze the hyperparameters and effect of adversarial training methods on the certified radius by the proposed framework.
Schlagwörter	Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Computer Science - Cryptography and Security ; Mathematics - Statistics Theory
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	310
Erscheinungsdatum	2023-06-27
Erscheinungsland	us
Dokumenttyp	Buch ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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Buch ; Online: Trust, But Verify

Kumari, Anupriya / Bhardwaj, Devansh / Jindal, Sukrit / Gupta, Sarthak

A Survey of Randomized Smoothing Techniques

2023

Abstract: Machine learning models have demonstrated remarkable success across diverse domains but remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Empirical defence mechanisms often fall short, as new attacks constantly emerge, rendering existing defences obsolete. A ... ...

Abstract	Machine learning models have demonstrated remarkable success across diverse domains but remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Empirical defence mechanisms often fall short, as new attacks constantly emerge, rendering existing defences obsolete. A paradigm shift from empirical defences to certification-based defences has been observed in response. Randomized smoothing has emerged as a promising technique among notable advancements. This study reviews the theoretical foundations, empirical effectiveness, and applications of randomized smoothing in verifying machine learning classifiers. We provide an in-depth exploration of the fundamental concepts underlying randomized smoothing, highlighting its theoretical guarantees in certifying robustness against adversarial perturbations. Additionally, we discuss the challenges of existing methodologies and offer insightful perspectives on potential solutions. This paper is novel in its attempt to systemise the existing knowledge in the context of randomized smoothing.
Schlagwörter	Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Computer Science - Cryptography and Security ; Statistics - Machine Learning
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	006
Erscheinungsdatum	2023-12-19
Erscheinungsland	us
Dokumenttyp	Buch ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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Artikel ; Online: Adsorptive removal of Cd2+ ions using dolochar at an industrial-scale process optimization by response surface methodology

Upadhyay, Utkarsh / Gupta, Sarthak / Agarwal, Ankita / Sreedhar, Inkollu / Anitha, Kayamkulathethu Latitha

Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2023 Jan., v. 30, no. 4 p.8403-8415

2023

Abstract: In this work, performance of laboratory-synthesized dolochar has been investigated for adsorption of Cd²⁺ ions in a large-scale process with the application of Aspen Adsorption. Moreover, the optimum values of the operating parameters (namely, flow rate, ...

Abstract	In this work, performance of laboratory-synthesized dolochar has been investigated for adsorption of Cd²⁺ ions in a large-scale process with the application of Aspen Adsorption. Moreover, the optimum values of the operating parameters (namely, flow rate, bed height, and inlet metal ion concentration) that would result into maximum amount of cadmium ion adsorption (high exhaustion capacity) in minimum time (less exhaustion time) for a fixed mass of dolochar have been calculated via the application of response surface methodology. It was found that, at optimum values of bed height (3.48 m), flow rate (76.31 m³/day), and inlet concentration (10 ppm), the optimized value of exhaustion capacity and exhaustion time for cadmium ion adsorption in dolochar packed bed is equal to 1.85 mg/g and 11.39 h, respectively. The validity of these simulation experiments can be proven by the fact that the obtained exhaustion capacity of dolochar packed bed always remained in close proximity of the experimentally obtained value of adsorption capacity of the dolochar in batch process mode (equal to 2.1 mg/g).
Schlagwörter	adsorption ; batch systems ; cadmium ; response surface methodology
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsverlauf	2023-01
Umfang	p. 8403-8415.
Erscheinungsort	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
ZDB-ID	1178791-0
ISSN	1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
ISSN (online)	1614-7499
ISSN	0944-1344
DOI	10.1007/s11356-021-17216-9
Datenquelle	NAL Katalog (AGRICOLA)

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Artikel ; Online: Resilience of hospital and allied infrastructure during pandemic and post pandemic periods for maternal health care of pregnant women and infants in Tamil Nadu, India - A counterfactual analysis.

Paramasivan, Kandaswamy / Prakash, Ashwin / Gupta, Sarthak / Phukan, Bhairav / M R, Pavithra / Venugopal, Balaji

PloS one

2023 Band 18, Heft 9, Seite(n) e0291749

Abstract: COVID-19 has impacted the healthcare system across the globe. The study will span three pandemic waves in 2020, 2021, and 2022. The goal is to learn how the pandemic affects antenatal care (ANC) and emergency delivery care for pregnant women in Tamil ... ...

Abstract	COVID-19 has impacted the healthcare system across the globe. The study will span three pandemic waves in 2020, 2021, and 2022. The goal is to learn how the pandemic affects antenatal care (ANC) and emergency delivery care for pregnant women in Tamil Nadu, India, and how medical services respond. The study employs counterfactual analysis to evaluate the causal impact of the pandemic. A feedforward in combination with a simple auto-regressive neural network (AR-Net) is used to predict the daily number of calls for ambulance services (CAS). Three categories of the daily CAS count between January 2016 and December 2022 are utilised. The total CAS includes all types of medical emergencies; the second group pertains to planned ANC for high-risk pregnant women and the third group comprises CAS from pregnant women for medical emergencies. The second wave's infection and mortality rates were up to six times higher than the first. The phases in wave-II, post-wave-II, wave-III, and post-wave-III experienced a significant increase in both total IFT (inter-facility transfer) and total non-IFT calls covering all emergencies relative to the counterfactual, as evidenced by reported effect sizes of 1 and a range of 0.65 to 0.85, respectively. This highlights overwhelmed health services. In Tamil Nadu, neither emergency prenatal care nor planned prenatal care was affected by the pandemic. In contrast, the increase in actual emergency-related IFT calls during wave-II, post-wave-II, wave-III, and post-wave-III was 62%, 160%, 141%, and 165%, respectively, relative to the counterfactual. During the same time periods, the mean daily CAS related to prenatal care increased by 47%, 51%, 38%, and 38%, respectively, compared to pre-pandemic levels. The expansion of ambulance services and increased awareness of these services during wave II and the ensuing phases of Covid-19 pandemic have enhanced emergency care delivery for all, including obstetric and neonatal cohorts.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Pregnancy ; Infant, Newborn ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Pandemics ; India/epidemiology ; Emergencies ; Maternal Health ; Pregnant Women ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Hospitals
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2023-09-21
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0291749
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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