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Artikel ; Online: The homeobox gene TGIF1 is required for chicken ovarian cortical development and generation of the juxtacortical medulla.

Estermann, Martin Andres / Hirst, Claire Elizabeth / Major, Andrew Thomas / Smith, Craig Allen

2021 Band 148, Heft 16

Abstract: During early embryogenesis in amniotic vertebrates, the gonads differentiate into either ovaries or testes. The first cell lineage to differentiate gives rise to the supporting cells: Sertoli cells in males and pre-granulosa cells in females. These key ... ...

Abstract	During early embryogenesis in amniotic vertebrates, the gonads differentiate into either ovaries or testes. The first cell lineage to differentiate gives rise to the supporting cells: Sertoli cells in males and pre-granulosa cells in females. These key cell types direct the differentiation of the other cell types in the gonad, including steroidogenic cells. The gonadal surface epithelium and the interstitial cell populations are less well studied, and little is known about their sexual differentiation programs. Here, we show the requirement of the homeobox transcription factor gene TGIF1 for ovarian development in the chicken embryo. TGIF1 is expressed in the two principal ovarian somatic cell populations: the cortex and the pre-granulosa cells of the medulla. TGIF1 expression is associated with an ovarian phenotype in estrogen-mediated sex reversal experiments. Targeted misexpression and gene knockdown indicate that TGIF1 is required, but not sufficient, for proper ovarian cortex formation. In addition, TGIF1 is identified as the first known regulator of juxtacortical medulla development. These findings provide new insights into chicken ovarian differentiation and development, specifically cortical and juxtacortical medulla formation.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage/genetics ; Chick Embryo ; Chickens/genetics ; Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Genes, Homeobox ; Gonads/metabolism ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics ; Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism ; Male ; Ovary/cytology ; Ovary/embryology ; Ovary/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/genetics ; Repressor Proteins/metabolism ; Sertoli Cells/metabolism ; Sex Determination Processes/genetics ; Sex Differentiation/genetics ; Testis/metabolism
Chemische Substanzen	Homeodomain Proteins ; Repressor Proteins
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2021-08-23
Erscheinungsland	England
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	90607-4
ISSN	1477-9129 ; 0950-1991
ISSN (online)	1477-9129
ISSN	0950-1991
DOI	10.1242/dev.199646
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel: Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease presenting as a stroke mimic590.

Hirst, Claire L

British journal of hospital medicine (London, England : 2005)

2011 Band 72, Heft 10, Seite(n) 590–591

Abstract: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is a rare neurodegenerative disease in which there is an abnormal accumulation of prion protein. It occurs with an incidence of approximately 1 per million per year. Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease occurs in approximately 85% ...

Abstract	Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is a rare neurodegenerative disease in which there is an abnormal accumulation of prion protein. It occurs with an incidence of approximately 1 per million per year. Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease occurs in approximately 85% of cases, with familial, variant and iatrogenic forms less common. Typically sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease presents with a rapidly progressive dementia, but sub-variants include the Heidenhain and Oppenheimer-Brownell variants. The former presents with visual disturbance and the latter with ataxia. This article describes a 75-year-old man with a Heidenhain variant of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease who presented with a sudden onset of homonymous hemianopia mimicking a stroke.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Aged ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome/diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Disease Progression ; Fatal Outcome ; Female ; Humans ; Stroke/diagnosis
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2011-11-01
Erscheinungsland	England
Dokumenttyp	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ISSN	1750-8460
ISSN	1750-8460
DOI	10.12968/hmed.2011.72.10.590
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Sex determination and gonadal sex differentiation in the chicken model.

Hirst, Claire E / Major, Andrew T / Smith, Craig A

The International journal of developmental biology

2018 Band 62, Heft 1-2-3, Seite(n) 153–166

Abstract: Our understanding of avian sex determination and gonadal development is derived primarily from the studies in the chicken. Analysis of gynandromorphic chickens and experimental chimeras indicate that sexual phenotype is at least partly cell autonomous in ...

Abstract	Our understanding of avian sex determination and gonadal development is derived primarily from the studies in the chicken. Analysis of gynandromorphic chickens and experimental chimeras indicate that sexual phenotype is at least partly cell autonomous in the chicken, with sexually dimorphic gene expression occurring in different tissue and different stages. Gonadal sex differentiation is just one of the many manifestations of sexual phenotype. As in other birds, the chicken has a ZZ male: ZW female sex chromosome system, in which the male is the homogametic sex. Most evidence favours a Z chromosome dosage mechanism underling chicken sex determination, with little evidence of a role for the W chromosome. Indeed, the W appears to harbour a small number of genes that are un-related to sexual development, but have been retained because they are dosage sensitive factors. As global Z dosage compensation is absent in birds, Z-linked genes may direct sexual development in different tissues (males having on average 1.5 to 2 times the expression level of females). In the embryonic gonads, the Z-linked DMRT1 gene plays a key role in testis development. Beyond the gonads, other combinations of Z-linked genes may govern sexual development, together with a role for sex steroid hormones. Gonadal DMRT1 is thought to activate other players in testis development, namely SOX9 and AMH, and the recently identified HEMGN gene. DMRT1 also represses ovarian pathway genes, such as FOXL2 and CYP19A1. A lower level of DMRT1 expression in the female gonads is compatible with activation of the ovarian pathway. Some outstanding questions include how the key testis and ovary genes, DMRT1 and FOXL2, are regulated. In addition, confirmation of the central role of these genes awaits genome editing approaches.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Animals ; Aromatase/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Chick Embryo ; Chickens ; Dosage Compensation, Genetic ; Female ; Gene Dosage ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genome ; Gonads/embryology ; Male ; Ovary/embryology ; SOX9 Transcription Factor/metabolism ; Sex Chromosomes ; Sex Determination Processes ; Sex Differentiation/genetics ; Testis/embryology
Chemische Substanzen	SOX9 Transcription Factor ; Aromatase (EC 1.14.14.1)
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2018-04-04
Erscheinungsland	Spain
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1036070-0
ISSN	1696-3547 ; 0214-6282
ISSN (online)	1696-3547
ISSN	0214-6282
DOI	10.1387/ijdb.170319cs
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel: The avian embryo as a model system for skeletal myogenesis.

Hirst, Claire E / Marcelle, Christophe

Results and problems in cell differentiation

2015 Band 56, Seite(n) 99–122

Abstract: This review will focus on the use of the chicken and quail as model systems to analyze myogenesis and as such will emphasize the experimental approaches that are strongest in these systems-the amenability of the avian embryo to manipulation and in ovo ... ...

Abstract	This review will focus on the use of the chicken and quail as model systems to analyze myogenesis and as such will emphasize the experimental approaches that are strongest in these systems-the amenability of the avian embryo to manipulation and in ovo observation. During somite differentiation, a wide spectrum of developmental processes occur such as cellular differentiation, migration, and fusion. Cell lineage studies combined with recent advancements in cell imaging allow these biological phenomena to be readily observed and hypotheses tested extremely rapidly-a strength that is restricted to the avian system. A clear weakness of the chicken in the past has been genetic approaches to modulate gene function. Recent advances in the electroporation of expression vectors, siRNA constructs, and use of tissue specific reporters have opened the door to increasingly sophisticated experiments that address questions of interest not only to the somite/muscle field in particular but also fundamental to biology in general. Importantly, an ever-growing body of evidence indicates that somite differentiation in birds is indistinguishable to that of mammals; therefore, these avian studies complement the complex genetic models of the mouse.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Animals ; Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Cell Lineage/genetics ; Chick Embryo ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Muscle Development/genetics ; Quail/growth & development ; Somites/growth & development
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2015
Erscheinungsland	Germany
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ISSN	0080-1844
ISSN	0080-1844
DOI	10.1007/978-3-662-44608-9_5
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Prion-like domains drive CIZ1 assembly formation at the inactive X chromosome.

Sofi, Sajad / Williamson, Louisa / Turvey, Gabrielle L / Scoynes, Charlotte / Hirst, Claire / Godwin, Jonathan / Brockdorff, Neil / Ainscough, Justin / Coverley, Dawn

The Journal of cell biology

2022 Band 221, Heft 4

Abstract: CIZ1 forms large assemblies at the inactive X chromosome (Xi) in female fibroblasts in an Xist lncRNA-dependent manner and is required for accurate maintenance of polycomb targets genome-wide. Here we address requirements for assembly formation and show ... ...

Abstract	CIZ1 forms large assemblies at the inactive X chromosome (Xi) in female fibroblasts in an Xist lncRNA-dependent manner and is required for accurate maintenance of polycomb targets genome-wide. Here we address requirements for assembly formation and show that CIZ1 undergoes two direct interactions with Xist, via independent N- and C-terminal domains. Interaction with Xist, assembly at Xi, and complexity of self-assemblies formed in vitro are modulated by two alternatively spliced glutamine-rich prion-like domains (PLD1 and 2). PLD2 is dispensable for accumulation at existing CIZ1-Xi assemblies in wild-type cells but is required in CIZ1-null cells where targeting, assembly, and enrichment for H3K27me3 and H2AK119ub occur de novo. In contrast, PLD1 is required for both de novo assembly and accumulation at preexisting assemblies and, in vitro, drives formation of a stable fibrillar network. Together they impart affinity for RNA and a complex relationship with repeat E of Xist. These data show that alternative splicing of two PLDs modulates CIZ1's ability to build large RNA-protein assemblies.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Alternative Splicing ; Animals ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; Histones ; Mice ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics ; Prions ; RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics ; X Chromosome/genetics ; X Chromosome Inactivation/genetics
Chemische Substanzen	Ciz1 protein, mouse ; Histones ; Nuclear Proteins ; Prions ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; XIST non-coding RNA
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2022-03-15
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	218154-x
ISSN	1540-8140 ; 0021-9525
ISSN (online)	1540-8140
ISSN	0021-9525
DOI	10.1083/jcb.202103185
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel: Iatrogenic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease presenting 24 years after human growth hormone administration.

Hirst, Claire

British journal of hospital medicine (London, England : 2005)

2005 Band 66, Heft 10, Seite(n) 592–593

Mesh-Begriff(e)	Adult ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome/chemically induced ; Female ; Human Growth Hormone/adverse effects ; Humans
Chemische Substanzen	Human Growth Hormone (12629-01-5)
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2005-10
Erscheinungsland	England
Dokumenttyp	Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	1750-8460
ISSN	1750-8460
DOI	10.12968/hmed.2005.66.10.19901
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: There is no such thing as a mild MS relapse. The mild relapse is an Anglo-Saxon delusion - No.

Hirst, Claire L / Robertson, Neil P

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)

2012 Band 18, Heft 7, Seite(n) 925–926

Mesh-Begriff(e)	Humans ; Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting ; Recurrence
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2012-07
Erscheinungsland	England
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1290669-4
ISSN	1477-0970 ; 1352-4585
ISSN (online)	1477-0970
ISSN	1352-4585
DOI	10.1177/1352458512450089
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Cytoplasmic NOTCH and membrane-derived β-catenin link cell fate choice to epithelial-mesenchymal transition during myogenesis.

Sieiro, Daniel / Rios, Anne C / Hirst, Claire E / Marcelle, Christophe

eLife

2016 Band 5

Abstract: How cells in the embryo coordinate epithelial plasticity with cell fate decision in a fast changing cellular environment is largely unknown. In chick embryos, skeletal muscle formation is initiated by migrating Delta1-expressing neural crest cells that ... ...

Abstract	How cells in the embryo coordinate epithelial plasticity with cell fate decision in a fast changing cellular environment is largely unknown. In chick embryos, skeletal muscle formation is initiated by migrating Delta1-expressing neural crest cells that trigger NOTCH signaling and myogenesis in selected epithelial somite progenitor cells, which rapidly translocate into the nascent muscle to differentiate. Here, we uncovered at the heart of this response a signaling module encompassing NOTCH, GSK-3β, SNAI1 and β-catenin. Independent of its transcriptional function, NOTCH profoundly inhibits GSK-3β activity. As a result SNAI1 is stabilized, triggering an epithelial to mesenchymal transition. This allows the recruitment of β-catenin from the membrane, which acts as a transcriptional co-factor to activate myogenesis, independently of WNT ligand. Our results intimately associate the initiation of myogenesis to a change in cell adhesion and may reveal a general principle for coupling cell fate changes to EMT in many developmental and pathological processes.
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2016-05-24
Erscheinungsland	England
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2687154-3
ISSN	2050-084X ; 2050-084X
ISSN (online)	2050-084X
ISSN	2050-084X
DOI	10.7554/eLife.14847
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Acute myeloid leucaemia presenting as a rapidly progressive polyradiculoneuropathy.

Hirst, Claire L / Willis, Mark / Hussain, Hussain / Powell, Rob

BMJ case reports

2015 Band 2015

Abstract: Neurological involvement at onset in acute myeloid leucaemia (AML) is rare, with only a few isolated case reports. We present the case of a 46-year-old man with rapidly progressive polyradiculoneuropathy as the presenting feature of AML. The proposed ... ...

Abstract	Neurological involvement at onset in acute myeloid leucaemia (AML) is rare, with only a few isolated case reports. We present the case of a 46-year-old man with rapidly progressive polyradiculoneuropathy as the presenting feature of AML. The proposed mechanism for this is postulated to be direct intraneural infiltration, although a paraneoplastic, autoimmune-related phenomenon could be possible. Despite chemotherapeutic intervention, the patient died 1 month after initial presentation. Although rare, neurological manifestations of AML do occur and it is important to include haematological malignancies in the differential diagnosis in patients presenting with neurological symptoms.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Fatal Outcome ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/complications ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polyradiculoneuropathy/etiology
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2015-11-18
Erscheinungsland	England
Dokumenttyp	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ISSN	1757-790X
ISSN (online)	1757-790X
DOI	10.1136/bcr-2015-209556
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Genetic Manipulation of the Avian Urogenital System Using In Ovo Electroporation.

Hirst, Claire E / Serralbo, Olivier / Ayers, Katie L / Roeszler, Kelly N / Smith, Craig A

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

2017 Band 1650, Seite(n) 177–190

Abstract: One of the advantages of the avian embryo as an experimental model is its in ovo development and hence accessibility for genetic manipulation. Electroporation has been used extensively in the past to study gene function in chicken and quail embryos . ... ...

Abstract	One of the advantages of the avian embryo as an experimental model is its in ovo development and hence accessibility for genetic manipulation. Electroporation has been used extensively in the past to study gene function in chicken and quail embryos . Readily accessible tissues such as the neural tube, somites, and limb bud, in particular, have been targeted. However, more inaccessible tissues, such as the embryonic urogenital system , have proven more challenging to study. Here, we describe the use of in ovo electroporation of TOL2 vectors or RCASBP avian viral vectors for the rapid functional analysis of genes involved in avian sex determination and urogenital development . In the context of the developing urogenital system , these vectors have inherent advantages and disadvantages, which will be considered here. Either vector can both be used for mis-expressing a gene and for targeting endogenous gene knockdown via expression of short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs). Both of these vectors integrate into the genome and are hence spread throughout developing tissues. Going forward, electroporation could be combined with CRISPR/Cas9 technology for targeted genome editing in the avian urogenital system .
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Animals ; Chick Embryo ; Chickens/genetics ; DNA Transposable Elements ; Electroporation/methods ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genetic Vectors ; Urogenital System/physiology
Chemische Substanzen	DNA Transposable Elements
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2017
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ISSN	1940-6029
ISSN (online)	1940-6029
DOI	10.1007/978-1-4939-7216-6_11
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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