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  1. Artikel ; Online: Advancing ecosystem accounting in estuaries

    Susan Taljaard / Lara van Niekerk / Janine B. Adams / Taryn Riddin

    South African Journal of Science, Vol 119, Iss 3/

    Swartkops Estuary case study

    2023  Band 4

    Abstract: Rapid degradation of ecosystems and loss of ecosystem services have sparked interest in developing approaches to report and integrate such change with socio-economic information systems, such as the System of National Accounts. Here we describe an ... ...

    Abstract Rapid degradation of ecosystems and loss of ecosystem services have sparked interest in developing approaches to report and integrate such change with socio-economic information systems, such as the System of National Accounts. Here we describe an approach and application of ecosystem accounting for individual estuaries, building on approaches previously applied at national and bay levels. Using the Swartkops Estuary as a case study, the focus is on physical accounts for ecosystem extent and condition, as well as accounts for two important ecosystem services (carbon sequestration and recreational use). Pressure accounts are also introduced to demonstrate the value of identifying key areas for management and restoration interventions in response to changes in extent and/or condition accounts. Greater resolution in these account reports, achieved through zoning, provides spatially explicit information on ecosystem assets and their services within an estuary to also inform management decision-making at local level. Further, these accounts can also inform local restoration prioritisation, in support of the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration (2021–2030), for example offsetting irreversibly degraded areas in one zone with restoration or maintenance of similar habitats in another. Significance: • This study is the first to apply the ecosystem accounting approach at the individual estuary level. • We provide spatially explicit information on ecosystem assets and their services in support of resource management. • Physical accounts include extent and condition, as well as ecosystem service and pressure accounts. • These accounts inform estuary management and restoration at the local governance level.
    Schlagwörter estuary-level ; extent and condition accounts ; pressure accounts ; physical ecosystem service accounts ; management ; Science ; Q ; Science (General) ; Q1-390 ; Social Sciences ; H ; Social sciences (General) ; H1-99
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 710 ; 551
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag Academy of Science of South Africa
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  2. Artikel ; Online: The state of persistent organic pollutants in South African estuaries

    Chijioke Olisah / Janine B. Adams / Gletwyn Rubidge

    Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Vol 219, Iss , Pp 112316- (2021)

    A review of environmental exposure and sources

    2021  

    Abstract: The long-term health of many South African estuaries is impacted by pollutants entering these systems through industrial and agricultural runoff, sewage outfalls, contaminated storm water drainage, flows from informal settlements, and plastic materials ... ...

    Abstract The long-term health of many South African estuaries is impacted by pollutants entering these systems through industrial and agricultural runoff, sewage outfalls, contaminated storm water drainage, flows from informal settlements, and plastic materials in marine debris. Uncontrolled inputs combined with poor environmental management often result in elevated levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in affected estuaries. Data on POPs research from 1960 to 2020 were analysed in terms of their sources, environmental investigations, and health implications. The outcome showed polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and per- and poly-fluoroalkyl sulphonates (PFASs) to exceed the US EPA health advisory levels for drinking water. Concentration of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in water were below the WHO limits, while those in fish tissues from most estuaries were found to be below the US FDA limits. Although environmental compartments in some estuaries (e.g. Rooiels and uMngeni estuaries) seem to be less contaminated relative to other marine systems around the world, many others were polluted and critically modified (e.g. Durban Bay, Swartkops, Sundays, and Buffalo systems). Due to inconsistent monitoring methods coupled with limited data availability, temporal trends were unclear. Of the 290 estuaries in South Africa, 65 were prioritised and recommended for POPs evaluation based on their pollution sources, and a monitoring strategy was defined in terms of sampling. Government policies to curb marine pollution need to be enforced to prevent chronic contamination that leads to water quality deterioration and loss of ecosystem services.
    Schlagwörter Estuarine systems ; Environmental management ; Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) ; Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) ; Polybrominated diphenyls (PBDEs) ; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) ; Environmental pollution ; TD172-193.5 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 333
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2021-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag Elsevier
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  3. Artikel ; Online: Contributions of Wetland Plants on Metal Accumulation in Sediment

    Marelé A. Nel / Gletwyn Rubidge / Janine B. Adams / Lucienne R. D. Human

    Sustainability, Vol 14, Iss 3679, p

    2022  Band 3679

    Abstract: Wetlands, and especially salt marshes, are well-known sinks of metals, which limit toxic amounts of metals from entering the food chain. This study investigated metal concentrations (Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) in a highly urbanised estuary, and compared ...

    Abstract Wetlands, and especially salt marshes, are well-known sinks of metals, which limit toxic amounts of metals from entering the food chain. This study investigated metal concentrations (Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) in a highly urbanised estuary, and compared vegetated rhizosediment ( Salicornia tegetaria , Spartina maritima , and Zostera capensis ) with bare sediment, in a depositional and non-depositional site, in the intertidal zone of the Swartkops Estuary. The samples were collected at two sites along the middle and lower reaches of the estuary and analysed using a Total X-ray Fluorescence (TXRF) spectrometer. It was found that the rhizosediment contained more metals and that metal concentrations in the sediment decreased as follows: S. tegetaria > S. maritima > Z. capensis > bare sediment. Although metal accumulation was similar in bare sediment for the depositional (Site B) and the non-depositional site (Site A), the rhizosediment displayed higher metal accumulation in the depositional site (Site B). However, regardless of site-specific depositional tendencies, rhizosediment displayed higher metal accumulation than bare sediment. These results indicate that vegetated sites and vegetated depositional sites should be the focus of monitoring metals in estuaries around the world.
    Schlagwörter metal pollution ; Swartkops Estuary ; TXRF ; salt marsh ; seagrass ; wetland plants ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 333
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag MDPI AG
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  4. Artikel ; Online: Conservation implications of herbicides on seagrasses

    Johanna W. van Wyk / Janine B. Adams / Sophie von der Heyden

    PeerJ, Vol 10, p e

    sublethal glyphosate exposure decreases fitness in the endangered Zostera capensis

    2022  Band 14295

    Abstract: Worldwide seagrass populations are in decline, calling for urgent measures in their conservation. Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide globally, leading to increasing concern about its ecological impact, yet little is known about the prevalence ... ...

    Abstract Worldwide seagrass populations are in decline, calling for urgent measures in their conservation. Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide globally, leading to increasing concern about its ecological impact, yet little is known about the prevalence or impact of glyphosate on seagrasses. In this study, we investigated the effect of sublethal glyphosate exposure on the endangered seagrass, Zostera capensis, to identify effects on growth, photosynthetic pigments and leaf morphology as measures of seagrass fitness. Seagrasses were exposed to a single dose of a commercial glyphosate formulation—ranging between 250 to 2,200 µg/L. After three weeks, the median leaf area decreased by up to 27%, with reductions of up to 31% in above ground biomass (p < 0.05). Photosynthetic pigment concentration showed no significant difference between groups. The observed effects on biomass and leaf area were seen at glyphosate levels below the regulatory limits set for surface water by several countries and may negatively affect the long-term resilience of this ecosystem engineer to additional stressors, such as those associated with climate change and anthropogenic pollution. As such, glyphosates and other herbicides that are washed into estuarine and marine ecosystems, pose a significant threat to the persistence of seagrasses and are important factors to consider in seagrass conservation, management and restoration efforts.
    Schlagwörter Estuarine health ; Herbicide ; Seagrass conservation ; Morphology ; Zostera capensis ; Medicine ; R ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 333
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag PeerJ Inc.
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  5. Artikel ; Online: Salt Marsh Restoration for the Provision of Multiple Ecosystem Services

    Janine B. Adams / Jacqueline L. Raw / Taryn Riddin / Johan Wasserman / Lara Van Niekerk

    Diversity, Vol 13, Iss 680, p

    2021  Band 680

    Abstract: Restoration of salt marsh is urgent, as these ecosystems provide natural coastal protection from sea-level rise impacts, contribute towards climate change mitigation, and provide multiple ecosystem services including supporting livelihoods. This study ... ...

    Abstract Restoration of salt marsh is urgent, as these ecosystems provide natural coastal protection from sea-level rise impacts, contribute towards climate change mitigation, and provide multiple ecosystem services including supporting livelihoods. This study identified potential restoration sites for intervention where agricultural and degraded land could be returned to salt marsh at a national scale in South African estuaries. Overall, successful restoration of salt marsh in some estuaries will require addressing additional pressures such as freshwater inflow reduction and deterioration of water quality. Here, we present, a socio-ecological systems framework for salt marsh restoration that links salt marsh state and the well-being of people to guide meaningful and implementable management and restoration interventions. The framework is applied to a case study at the Swartkops Estuary where the primary restoration intervention intends to route stormwater run-off to abandoned salt works to re-create aquatic habitat for waterbirds, enhance carbon storage, and provide nutrient filtration. As the framework is generalized, while still allowing for site-specific pressures to be captured, there is potential for it to be applied at the national scale, with the largest degraded salt marsh areas set as priorities for such an initiative. It is estimated that ~1970 ha of salt marsh can be restored in this way, and this represents a 14% increase in the habitat cover for the country. Innovative approaches to restoring and improving condition are necessary for conserving salt marshes and the benefits they provide to society.
    Schlagwörter socio-ecological system ; salt pan ; estuary ; habitat loss ; degradation ; ecosystem health ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 333
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2021-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag MDPI AG
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  6. Artikel ; Online: Rhizosediments of Salicornia tegetaria Indicate Metal Contamination in the Intertidal Estuary Zone

    Marelé A. Nel / Gletwyn Rubidge / Janine B. Adams / Lucienne R. D. Human

    Frontiers in Environmental Science, Vol

    2020  Band 8

    Abstract: Metal pollution is a well-known anthropogenic impact of highly developed estuaries, with dire consequences to the ecosystem. This study investigated the metal concentrations (Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) in the sediment colonized by Salicornia ... ...

    Abstract Metal pollution is a well-known anthropogenic impact of highly developed estuaries, with dire consequences to the ecosystem. This study investigated the metal concentrations (Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) in the sediment colonized by Salicornia tegetaria, a dominant salt marsh plant in the lower intertidal zone of the Swartkops Estuary. The samples were collected at five sites along the banks of the middle and lower reaches of the estuary, and analyzed using an Inductively Coupled Plasma –Optical Emission Spectrometer. Metal contamination was determined using established normalized baseline models. It was found that all the sites contained metal enrichment, with the estuary mouth experiencing the least enrichment. Salicornia tegetaria holds a substantial amount of anomalous metals within its rhizosediment—providing a valuable ecosystem service to a highly developed Swartkops Estuary.
    Schlagwörter metal pollution ; Swartkops Estuary ; baseline ; coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer ; salt marsh ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 670
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2020-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag Frontiers Media S.A.
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  7. Artikel ; Online: Effective Management of Closed Hypereutrophic Estuaries Requires Catchment-Scale Interventions

    Daniel A. Lemley / Stephen J. Lamberth / Warren Manuel / Monique Nunes / Gavin M. Rishworth / Lara van Niekerk / Janine B. Adams

    Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol

    2021  Band 8

    Abstract: Increased nutrient loading associated with rapid population growth is the leading cause of deteriorating water quality in urbanized estuaries globally. Small estuaries are particularly sensitive to changes when connection with the marine environment is ... ...

    Abstract Increased nutrient loading associated with rapid population growth is the leading cause of deteriorating water quality in urbanized estuaries globally. Small estuaries are particularly sensitive to changes when connection with the marine environment is restricted, or lost, because of high water retention. The temporarily closed Hartenbos Estuary (South Africa) is an example of how such pressures can culminate in a severely degraded ecosystem. Wastewater treatment work (WWTW) discharges introduce substantial volumes of freshwater (8,000 m3 d–1) and nutrient loads (38 kg DIN d–1 and 22 kg DIP d–1) into this estuary. This constant inflow has necessitated frequent artificial breaching (inducing alternating states) of the estuary mouth to prevent flooding of low-lying developments and, occasionally, to mitigate against extreme events such as fish kills and sewage spills. This study investigated the efficacy of artificial mouth breaching practices in eliciting responses in selected abiotic and biotic parameters. Microalgal (phytoplankton and benthic diatoms), benthic macrofauna and fish community dynamics were assessed in response to mouth state and water quality conditions using a seasonal monitoring programme. The hypereutrophic nature of the Hartenbos Estuary was highlighted by persistent high-biomass phytoplankton accumulations (>100 μg Chl-a l–1), extreme dissolved oxygen conditions (0.4–20.5 mg O2 l–1) and the predominance of harmful algal bloom (HAB) events comprising Nannochloropsis sp. and Heterosigma akashiwo. Artificial breaching of the mouth facilitated limited tidal exchange and occurred approximately bimonthly once water levels exceeded 1.9 m above mean sea level (MSL). Current pressures and management interventions have culminated in an ecosystem void of natural fluctuations and instead characterised by low diversity and shifts between undesirable states. This is highlighted by the near year-round dominance of only a few opportunistic species/groups tolerant of adverse conditions (e.g., ...
    Schlagwörter eutrophication ; harmful algal blooms ; hypoxia ; mouth management ; nutrient loading ; Science ; Q ; General. Including nature conservation ; geographical distribution ; QH1-199.5
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 333
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag Frontiers Media S.A.
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  8. Artikel: Comparative assessment of two agriculturally-influenced estuaries: Similar pressure, different response

    Lemley, Daniel A / Janine B. Adams / Susan Taljaard

    Marine pollution bulletin. 2017 Apr. 15, v. 117, no. 1-2

    2017  

    Abstract: This study compared the spatio-temporal dynamics in two agriculturally-influenced South African estuaries - Gamtoos and Sundays - to investigate how contrasting hydrological alterations influence physical, chemical and biological responses. With the ... ...

    Abstract This study compared the spatio-temporal dynamics in two agriculturally-influenced South African estuaries - Gamtoos and Sundays - to investigate how contrasting hydrological alterations influence physical, chemical and biological responses. With the Gamtoos Estuary experiencing regular high flow conditions, a key difference between the two systems is the propensity for natural flushing events to occur; a mechanism largely eliminated from the highly-regulated Sundays Catchment. Phytoplankton blooms (>20Chl-aμgl−1) were persistent and seasonal in the Sundays, inducing summer bottom-water hypoxia (<2mgl−1), whilst those in the Gamtoos were episodic and flow-dependent. Of concern in the Sundays Estuary, was the magnitude (>550μgl−1) and recurrent nature of two harmful algal bloom (HAB) species. This study provides the first account of HAB persistence and seasonal hypoxia in a South African estuary, demonstrating the possible consequences of shifting an ecosystem into a new stable state.
    Schlagwörter algal blooms ; anaerobic conditions ; ecosystems ; estuaries ; hydrology ; hypoxia ; summer ; watersheds
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf 2017-0415
    Umfang p. 136-147.
    Erscheinungsort Elsevier Ltd
    Dokumenttyp Artikel
    ZDB-ID 2001296-2
    ISSN 1879-3363 ; 0025-326X
    ISSN (online) 1879-3363
    ISSN 0025-326X
    DOI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.01.059
    Datenquelle NAL Katalog (AGRICOLA)

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  9. Artikel: Unwinding a Tangled Web: a Fine-Scale Approach towards Understanding the Drivers of Harmful Algal Bloom Species in a Eutrophic South African Estuary

    Lemley, DanielA / Gavin M. Rishworth / Janine B. Adams

    Estuaries and coasts. 2018 July, v. 41, no. 5

    2018  

    Abstract: A permanently eutrophic South African estuary provided an ideal model ecosystem from which to unravel the drivers of recurrent accumulations of harmful algal bloom (HAB) species. Designed to encapsulate broad- to fine-scale variations, seasonal in situ ... ...

    Abstract A permanently eutrophic South African estuary provided an ideal model ecosystem from which to unravel the drivers of recurrent accumulations of harmful algal bloom (HAB) species. Designed to encapsulate broad- to fine-scale variations, seasonal in situ bihourly monitoring of abiotic and phytoplankton components took place at a fixed location over a 24-h period on four sampling occasions. Four known HAB species were recorded at bloom concentrations (> 20 μg Chl-a L−1) during the study, including Heterosigma akashiwo, Heterocapsa rotundata, Mesodinium rubrum, and Karenia cf. mikimotoi. Model results identified temperature as a key driver, with distinct community shifts between winter (~H. rotundata and M. rubrum) and spring/summer (~H. akashiwo and K. cf. mikimotoi) conditions. Evidence of niche overlap between all four HAB taxa was highlighted by their predilection for elevated nitrate levels, a vertically stratified water column and mesohaline (ca. 10) surface waters. As such, internal biotic processes such as plasticity of diel vertical migration patterns, reliance of M. rubrum on suitable ‘prey’ resources, and the suppressive pressure of H. akashiwo on co-occurring taxa-explained phytoplankton community dynamics beyond the influence of physico-chemical variability. These findings provide novel insight regarding the ecology of HAB taxa and how they have adapted to thrive in anthropogenically manipulated environments.
    Schlagwörter algal blooms ; chlorophyll ; ecosystems ; estuaries ; eutrophication ; Heterocapsa ; Karenia ; Mesodinium ; migratory behavior ; models ; monitoring ; nitrates ; phytoplankton ; plasticity ; spring ; summer ; surface water ; temperature ; winter
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf 2018-07
    Umfang p. 1356-1369.
    Erscheinungsort Springer US
    Dokumenttyp Artikel
    ZDB-ID 2229170-2
    ISSN 1559-2731 ; 1559-2723
    ISSN (online) 1559-2731
    ISSN 1559-2723
    DOI 10.1007/s12237-018-0380-0
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  10. Artikel: Marine angiosperm indices used to assess ecological status within the Water Framework Directive and South African National Water Act: Learning from differences and common issues

    Duarte, Bernardo / Isabel Caçador / Janine B. Adams / João C. Marques / João M. Neto

    Ecological indicators. 2017 Dec., v. 83

    2017  

    Abstract: This paper reviews and discusses the methods and metrics used for the assessment of the ecological status of marine angiosperms comparing the European with the South African situation. In Europe salt marsh and seagrasses are an important biological ... ...

    Abstract This paper reviews and discusses the methods and metrics used for the assessment of the ecological status of marine angiosperms comparing the European with the South African situation. In Europe salt marsh and seagrasses are an important biological element for establishing the ecological quality status of transitional waters and in South Africa changes over time in the salt marsh and submerged macrophyte habitats (species richness, abundance and community composition) is used nationally to assess the health of estuaries. In Europe several studies have developed metrics that include salt marsh species composition and community structure to assess the ecological quality status. Deviation of taxonomic composition and abundance from a reference situation is investigated. Multi-metric approaches have been shown to provide a more holistic view of the ecological status of the ecosystem. Many indices are highly dependent on historical data to assess the deviation from reference conditions. Within the WFD spirit one widely used approach for salt marsh assessment, the Best’s method, the baseline can be determined based on the first sampling effort, by the largest previously recorded size of the salt marsh or using the “maximum potential size” of the salt marsh from habitat prediction models. In South Africa all habitat below the 5m contour line is considered estuary habitat and any land occupied here by agricultural or other developments is considered as a loss of habitat from the reference condition. For seagrasses European metrics are based on attributes from the community (e.g., taxonomic composition, epiphytes), the population (e.g., bed extent, shoots density), but also quantified at individual species (e.g., leaves length) or physiological levels (e.g., stable isotopic signatures). Seagrass habitats in South African estuaries are highly dynamic in response to floods and an understanding of this is needed before present ecological status can be assessed.
    Schlagwörter Angiospermae ; community structure ; ecosystems ; epiphytes ; estuaries ; floods ; habitats ; learning ; leaves ; models ; salt marshes ; seagrasses ; shoots ; species diversity ; taxonomy ; Europe ; South Africa
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf 2017-12
    Umfang p. 192-200.
    Erscheinungsort Elsevier Ltd
    Dokumenttyp Artikel
    ZDB-ID 2036774-0
    ISSN 1872-7034 ; 1470-160X
    ISSN (online) 1872-7034
    ISSN 1470-160X
    DOI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.07.032
    Datenquelle NAL Katalog (AGRICOLA)

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