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  1. Artikel ; Online: Chemical, Physical, and Toxicological Properties of V-Agents.

    Pampalakis, Georgios / Kostoudi, Stavroula

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2023  Band 24, Heft 10

    Abstract: V-agents are exceedingly toxic organophosphate nerve agents. The most widely known V-agents are the phosphonylated thiocholines VX and VR. Nonetheless, other V-subclasses have been synthesized. Here, a holistic overview of V-agents is provided, where ... ...

    Abstract V-agents are exceedingly toxic organophosphate nerve agents. The most widely known V-agents are the phosphonylated thiocholines VX and VR. Nonetheless, other V-subclasses have been synthesized. Here, a holistic overview of V-agents is provided, where these compounds have been categorized based on their structures to facilitate their study. A total of seven subclasses of V-agents have been identified, including phospho(n/r)ylated selenocholines and non-sulfur-containing agents, such as VP and EA-1576 (EA: Edgewood Arsenal). Certain V-agents have been designed through the conversion of phosphorylated pesticides to their respective phosphonylated analogs, such as EA-1576 derived from mevinphos. Further, this review provides a description of their production, physical properties, toxicity, and stability during storage. Importantly, V-agents constitute a percutaneous hazard, while their high stability ensures the contamination of the exposed area for weeks. The danger of V-agents was highlighted in the 1968 VX accident in Utah. Until now, VX has been used in limited cases of terrorist attacks and assassinations, but there is an increased concern about potential terrorist production and use. For this reason, studying the chemistry of VX and other less-studied V-agents is important to understand their properties and develop potential countermeasures.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Chemical Warfare Agents/chemistry ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds/chemistry ; Nerve Agents/toxicity ; Nerve Agents/chemistry ; Pesticides/toxicity
    Chemische Substanzen VX (9A4381183B) ; Chemical Warfare Agents ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; Nerve Agents ; Pesticides
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-05-11
    Erscheinungsland Switzerland
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms24108600
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Artikel ; Online: Improvements, Variations and Biomedical Applications of the Michaelis-Arbuzov Reaction.

    Kostoudi, Stavroula / Pampalakis, Georgios

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2022  Band 23, Heft 6

    Abstract: Compounds bearing the phosphorus-carbon (P-C) bond have important pharmacological, biochemical, and toxicological properties. Historically, the most notable reaction for the formation of the P-C bond is the Michaelis-Arbuzov reaction, first described in ... ...

    Abstract Compounds bearing the phosphorus-carbon (P-C) bond have important pharmacological, biochemical, and toxicological properties. Historically, the most notable reaction for the formation of the P-C bond is the Michaelis-Arbuzov reaction, first described in 1898. The classical Michaelis-Arbuzov reaction entails a reaction between an alkyl halide and a trialkyl phosphite to yield a dialkylalkylphosphonate. Nonetheless, deviations from the classical mechanisms and new modifications have appeared that allowed the expansion of the library of reactants and consequently the chemical space of the yielded products. These involve the use of Lewis acid catalysts, green methods, ultrasound, microwave, photochemically-assisted reactions, aryne-based reactions, etc. Here, a detailed presentation of the Michaelis-Arbuzov reaction and its developments and applications in the synthesis of biomedically important agents is provided. Certain examples of such applications include the development of alkylphosphonofluoridates as serine hydrolase inhibitors and activity-based probes, and the P-C containing antiviral and anticancer agents.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Antiviral Agents ; Catalysis ; Lewis Acids ; Microwaves ; Phosphorus
    Chemische Substanzen Antiviral Agents ; Lewis Acids ; Phosphorus (27YLU75U4W)
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-03-21
    Erscheinungsland Switzerland
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms23063395
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Über subito bestellen

    Dieser Service ist kostenpflichtig (siehe Lieferbedingungen von subito). Bestellungen, die einen Artikel nebst Supplementary Material umfassen, werden grundsätzlich wie mehrfache Bestellungen bearbeitet. Gebühren fallen in diesen Fällen für jede einzelne Bestellung an.

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