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  1. Artikel ; Online: Targeting the GLP-2 receptor in the management of obesity.

    Pálsson, Thorir G / Gilliam-Vigh, Hannah / Jensen, Benjamin A H / Jeppesen, Palle B / Lund, Asger B / Knop, Filip K / Nielsen, Casper K

    Peptides

    2024  Band 177, Seite(n) 171210

    Abstract: Recent advancements in understanding glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) biology and pharmacology have sparked interest in targeting the GLP-2 receptor (GLP-2R) in the treatment of obesity. GLP-2 is a proglucagon-derived 33-amino acid peptide co-secreted ... ...

    Abstract Recent advancements in understanding glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) biology and pharmacology have sparked interest in targeting the GLP-2 receptor (GLP-2R) in the treatment of obesity. GLP-2 is a proglucagon-derived 33-amino acid peptide co-secreted from enteroendocrine L cells along with glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and has a range of actions via the GLP-2R, which is particularly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract, the liver, adipose tissue, and the central nervous system (CNS). In humans, GLP-2 evidently induces intestinotrophic effects (i.e., induction of intestinal mucosal proliferation and improved gut barrier function) and promotes mesenteric blood flow. However, GLP-2 does not seem to have appetite or food intake-reducing effects in humans, but its gut barrier-promoting effect may be of interest in the context of obesity. Obesity is associated with reduced gut barrier function, increasing the translocation of proinflammatory gut content to the circulation. This phenomenon constitutes a strong driver of obesity-associated systemic low-grade inflammation, which in turn plays a major role in the development of most obesity-associated complications. Thus, the intestinotrophic and gut barrier-improving effect of GLP-2, which in obese rodent models shows strong anti-inflammatory potential, may, in combination with food intake-reducing strategies, e.g., GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1) agonism, be able to rectify core pathophysiological mechanism of obesity. Here, we provide an overview of GLP-2 physiology in the context of obesity pathophysiology and review the pharmacological potential of GLP-2R activation in the management of obesity and related comorbidities.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Humans ; Obesity/metabolism ; Obesity/drug therapy ; Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 Receptor/metabolism ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 2/metabolism ; Animals
    Chemische Substanzen Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 Receptor ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 2
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2024-04-03
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 769028-9
    ISSN 1873-5169 ; 0196-9781
    ISSN (online) 1873-5169
    ISSN 0196-9781
    DOI 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171210
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Artikel: The effect of exogenous glucagon on circulating amino acids in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes and obesity.

    Grøndahl, Magnus F G / Bagger, Jonatan I / Suppli, Malte P / Van Hall, Gerrit / Albrechtsen, Nicolai J W / Holst, Jens J / Vilsbøll, Tina / Christensen, Mikkel B / Lund, Asger B / Knop, Filip K

    Endocrine connections

    2024  Band 13, Heft 3

    Abstract: Objective: In obesity and type 2 diabetes, hyperglucagonaemia may be caused by elevated levels of glucagonotropic amino acids due to hepatic glucagon resistance at the level of amino acid turnover. Here, we investigated the effect of exogenous glucagon ... ...

    Abstract Objective: In obesity and type 2 diabetes, hyperglucagonaemia may be caused by elevated levels of glucagonotropic amino acids due to hepatic glucagon resistance at the level of amino acid turnover. Here, we investigated the effect of exogenous glucagon on circulating amino acids in obese and non-obese individuals with and without type 2 diabetes.
    Design: This was a post hoc analysis in a glucagon infusion study performed in individuals with type 2 diabetes (n = 16) and in age, sex, and body mass index-matched control individuals without diabetes (n = 16). Each group comprised two subgroups of eight individuals with and without obesity, respectively.
    Methods: All participants received a 1-h glucagon infusion (4 ng/kg/min) in the overnight fasted state. Plasma amino acid concentrations were measured with frequent intervals.
    Results: Compared to the control subgroup without obesity, baseline total amino acid levels were elevated in the control subgroup with obesity and in the type 2 diabetes subgroup without obesity. In all subgroups, amino acid levels decreased by up to 20% in response to glucagon infusion, which resulted in high physiological steady-state glucagon levels (mean concentration: 74 pmol/L, 95% CI [68;79] pmol/L). Following correction for multiple testing, no intergroup differences in changes in amino acid levels reached significance.
    Conclusion: Obesity and type 2 diabetes status was associated with elevated fasting levels of total amino acids. The glucagon infusion decreased circulating amino acid levels similarly in all subgroups, without significant differences in the response to exogenous glucagon between individuals with and without obesity and type 2 diabetes.
    Significance statement: The hormone glucagon stimulates glucose production from the liver, which may promote hyperglycaemia if glucagon levels are abnormally elevated, as is often seen in type 2 diabetes and obesity. Glucagon levels are closely linked to, and influenced by, the levels of circulating amino acids. To further investigate this link, we measured amino acid levels in individuals with and without obesity and type 2 diabetes before and during an infusion of glucagon. We found that circulating amino acid levels were higher in type 2 diabetes and obesity, and that glucagon infusion decreased amino acid levels in both individuals with and without type 2 diabetes and obesity. The study adds novel information to the link between circulating levels of glucagon and amino acids.
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2024-02-21
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2668428-7
    ISSN 2049-3614
    ISSN 2049-3614
    DOI 10.1530/EC-23-0516
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Artikel ; Online: Gluco-metabolic response to exogenous oxytocin in totally pancreatectomized patients and healthy individuals.

    Kliim-Hansen, Vivian / Gether, Ida M / Juel, Caroline T-B / Ellegaard, Anne-Marie / Pedersen, Miriam G / Hartmann, Bolette / Wewer Albrechtsen, Nicolai J / Holst, Jens J / Lund, Asger B / Gasbjerg, Lærke S / Knop, Filip K

    Peptides

    2024  Band 179, Seite(n) 171242

    Abstract: Oxytocin has been proposed to possess glucose-stabilizing effects through the release of insulin and glucagon from the pancreas. Also, exogenous oxytocin has been shown to stimulate extrapancreatic glucagon secretion in depancreatized dogs. Here, we ... ...

    Abstract Oxytocin has been proposed to possess glucose-stabilizing effects through the release of insulin and glucagon from the pancreas. Also, exogenous oxytocin has been shown to stimulate extrapancreatic glucagon secretion in depancreatized dogs. Here, we investigated the effect of exogenous oxytocin on circulating levels of pancreatic and gut-derived glucose-stabilizing hormones (insulin [measured as C-peptide], glucagon, glucagon-like peptide 1 [GLP-1], and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide). We studied nine pancreatectomized (PX) patients and nine healthy controls (CTRLs) (matched on age and body mass index) before, during, and after an intravenous infusion of 10 IU of oxytocin administered over 12 min. Oxytocin did not increase plasma glucagon levels, nor induce any changes in plasma glucose, C-peptide, or GIP in any of the groups. Oxytocin decreased plasma glucagon levels by 19 ± 10 % in CTRLs (from 2.0 ± 0.5 [mean ± SEM] to 1.3 ± 0.2 pmol/l, P = 0.0025) and increased GLP-1 by 42 ± 22 % in PX patients (from 9.0 ± 1.0-12.7 ± 1.0 pmol/l, P = 0.0003). Fasting plasma glucose levels were higher in PX patients compared with CTRLs (13.1 ± 1.1 vs. 5.1 ± 0.1 mmol/l, P < 0.0001). In conclusion, the present findings do not support pancreas-mediated glucose-stabilizing effects of acute oxytocin administration in humans and warrant further investigation of oxytocin's gluco-metabolic effects.
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2024-05-22
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 769028-9
    ISSN 1873-5169 ; 0196-9781
    ISSN (online) 1873-5169
    ISSN 0196-9781
    DOI 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171242
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Verfügbar in ZB MED Köln/Königswinter

    Zs.A 1649: Hefte anzeigen Standort:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  4. Artikel ; Online: Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP) Reduces Bone Resorption in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.

    Christensen, Mikkel B / Lund, Asger B / Jørgensen, Niklas R / Holst, Jens J / Vilsbøll, Tina / Knop, Filip K

    Journal of the Endocrine Society

    2020  Band 4, Heft 9, Seite(n) bvaa097

    Abstract: Context: In healthy individuals, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) enhances insulin secretion and reduces bone resorption by up to 25% estimated by absolute placebo-corrected changes in carboxy-terminal type 1 collagen crosslinks (CTX) ... ...

    Abstract Context: In healthy individuals, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) enhances insulin secretion and reduces bone resorption by up to 25% estimated by absolute placebo-corrected changes in carboxy-terminal type 1 collagen crosslinks (CTX) during GIP and glucose administration. In patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), GIP's insulinotropic effect is impaired and effects on bone may be reduced.
    Objective: To investigate GIP's effect on bone biomarkers in patients with T2D.
    Design: Randomized, double-blinded, crossover study investigating 6 interventions.
    Patients: Twelve male patients with T2D.
    Interventions: A primed continuous 90-minute GIP infusion (2 pmol/kg/min) or matching placebo (saline) administered at 3 plasma glucose (PG) levels (i.e., paired days with "insulin-induced hypoglycemia" (PG lowered to 3 mmol/L), "fasting hyperglycemia" (mean PG ~8 mmol/L), or "aggravated hyperglycemia" (mean PG ~12 mmol/L).
    Main outcome measures: Bone biomarkers: CTX, procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) and PTH.
    Results: On days with insulin-induced hypoglycemia, CTX was suppressed by up to 40 ± 15% during GIP administration compared with 12 ± 11% during placebo infusion (
    Conclusions: Short-term GIP infusions reduce bone resorption by more than one-third (estimated by absolute placebo-corrected CTX reductions) in patients with T2DM, suggesting preserved bone effects of GIP in these patients.
    Précis: Short-term GIP infusions reduce the bone resorption marker CTX by one-third in patients with type 2 diabetes independent of glycemic levels.
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2020-07-16
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ISSN 2472-1972
    ISSN (online) 2472-1972
    DOI 10.1210/jendso/bvaa097
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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