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  1. Buch ; Online: LightLM

    Mei, Kai / Zhang, Yongfeng

    A Lightweight Deep and Narrow Language Model for Generative Recommendation

    2023  

    Abstract: This paper presents LightLM, a lightweight Transformer-based language model for generative recommendation. While Transformer-based generative modeling has gained importance in various AI sub-fields such as NLP and vision, generative recommendation is ... ...

    Abstract This paper presents LightLM, a lightweight Transformer-based language model for generative recommendation. While Transformer-based generative modeling has gained importance in various AI sub-fields such as NLP and vision, generative recommendation is still in its infancy due to its unique demand on personalized generative modeling. Existing works on generative recommendation often use NLP-oriented Transformer architectures such as T5, GPT, LLaMA and M6, which are heavy-weight and are not specifically designed for recommendation tasks. LightLM tackles the issue by introducing a light-weight deep and narrow Transformer architecture, which is specifically tailored for direct generation of recommendation items. This structure is especially apt for straightforward generative recommendation and stems from the observation that language model does not have to be too wide for this task, as the input predominantly consists of short tokens that are well-suited for the model's capacity. We also show that our devised user and item ID indexing methods, i.e., Spectral Collaborative Indexing (SCI) and Graph Collaborative Indexing (GCI), enables the deep and narrow Transformer architecture to outperform large-scale language models for recommendation. Besides, to address the hallucination problem of generating items as output, we propose the constrained generation process for generative recommenders. Experiments on real-world datasets show that LightLM outperforms various competitive baselines in terms of both recommendation accuracy and efficiency. The code can be found at https://github.com/dongyuanjushi/LightLM.
    Schlagwörter Computer Science - Information Retrieval ; Computer Science - Computation and Language
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 004 ; 600
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-10-26
    Erscheinungsland us
    Dokumenttyp Buch ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  2. Artikel ; Online: Circ_0044235 regulates the development of osteoarthritis by the modulation of miR-375/PIK3R3 axis.

    Qian, Wenjie / Mei, Kai / Zhu, Lei / Chu, Ying / Lv, Jinpeng / Yun, Changjun

    Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research

    2024  Band 19, Heft 1, Seite(n) 241

    Abstract: Background: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play an important role in osteoarthritis (OA). However, the role of circRNA in OA is still unclear. Here, we explored the role and mechanism of circ_0044235 in OA.: Methods: CHON-001 cells were treated with IL-1β ... ...

    Abstract Background: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play an important role in osteoarthritis (OA). However, the role of circRNA in OA is still unclear. Here, we explored the role and mechanism of circ_0044235 in OA.
    Methods: CHON-001 cells were treated with IL-1β to establish OA model in vitro. The levels of circ_0044235, miR-375 and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) regulatory subunit 3 (PIK3R3) were detected by quantitative real-time PCR. Cell count kit-8 assay and flow cytometry assay were used to detect cell viability and apoptosis. The concentrations of inflammation factors were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Western blot was used to detect protein levels. The interaction between miR-375 and circ_0044235 or PIK3R3 was analyzed by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay.
    Results: Circ_0044235 was significantly decreased in OA cartilage tissue and IL-1β-treated CHON-001 cells. Overexpression of circ_0044235 promoted IL-1β-stimulated CHON-001 cell viability and inhibited apoptosis, inflammation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. In mechanism analysis, circ_0044235 could act as a sponge for miR-375 and positively regulate PIK3R3 expression. In addition, miR-375 ameliorated the effect of circ_0044235 overexpression on IL-1β-mediated CHON-001 cells injury. In addition, miR-375 inhibition mitigated IL-1β-induced CHON-001 cell injury, while PIK3R3 silencing restored the effect.
    Conclusion: Circ_0044235 knockdown alleviated IL-1β-induced chondrocytes injury by regulating miR-375/PIK3R3 axis, confirming that circ_0044235 might be a potential target for OA treatment.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Humans ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics ; Osteoarthritis/genetics ; Inflammation ; Apoptosis/genetics ; Chondrocytes ; Interleukin-1beta/genetics ; MicroRNAs/genetics
    Chemische Substanzen Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases (EC 2.7.1.-) ; Interleukin-1beta ; MicroRNAs ; PIK3R3 protein, human (EC 2.7.1.137) ; MIRN375 microRNA, human
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2024-04-15
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2252548-8
    ISSN 1749-799X ; 1749-799X
    ISSN (online) 1749-799X
    ISSN 1749-799X
    DOI 10.1186/s13018-024-04694-z
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Artikel: Clozapine-Induced Severe Toxicity: Exploring the Pharmacokinetic Profile of Clozapine and Its Significance in Hemodynamic Instability - A Case Report.

    Yu, Zhu-Xi / Pi, Yang / Chen, Mei-Kai / Dong, Dan-Jiang / Gu, Qin

    International medical case reports journal

    2024  Band 17, Seite(n) 111–120

    Abstract: Hemodynamic instability in patients with clozapine intoxication can indirectly reflect the serum concentration of clozapine.We have described a case of a 32-year-old pregnant woman who developed life-threatening clozapine toxicity at 28 weeks of ... ...

    Abstract Hemodynamic instability in patients with clozapine intoxication can indirectly reflect the serum concentration of clozapine.We have described a case of a 32-year-old pregnant woman who developed life-threatening clozapine toxicity at 28 weeks of gestation. The levels of clozapine and norclozapine in the serum were high. We initiated hemoperfusion(HP) and other detoxification therapies to remove the drug. The patient had severely dilated peripheral blood vessels, which led to cardiac symptoms such as fatal hypotension and uncontrollable tachycardia, resulting in very high cardiac output and elevated Central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2). Pharmacological intervention significantly improved the hemodynamics.In light of our observations in the ongoing case, we posit that evaluating hemodynamic parameters before and after blood detoxification could serve as a valuable means to gauge effectiveness and provide guidance for treatment.
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2024-02-08
    Erscheinungsland New Zealand
    Dokumenttyp Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2495077-4
    ISSN 1179-142X
    ISSN 1179-142X
    DOI 10.2147/IMCRJ.S444685
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Buch ; Online: UNICORN

    Wang, Zhenting / Mei, Kai / Zhai, Juan / Ma, Shiqing

    A Unified Backdoor Trigger Inversion Framework

    2023  

    Abstract: The backdoor attack, where the adversary uses inputs stamped with triggers (e.g., a patch) to activate pre-planted malicious behaviors, is a severe threat to Deep Neural Network (DNN) models. Trigger inversion is an effective way of identifying backdoor ... ...

    Abstract The backdoor attack, where the adversary uses inputs stamped with triggers (e.g., a patch) to activate pre-planted malicious behaviors, is a severe threat to Deep Neural Network (DNN) models. Trigger inversion is an effective way of identifying backdoor models and understanding embedded adversarial behaviors. A challenge of trigger inversion is that there are many ways of constructing the trigger. Existing methods cannot generalize to various types of triggers by making certain assumptions or attack-specific constraints. The fundamental reason is that existing work does not consider the trigger's design space in their formulation of the inversion problem. This work formally defines and analyzes the triggers injected in different spaces and the inversion problem. Then, it proposes a unified framework to invert backdoor triggers based on the formalization of triggers and the identified inner behaviors of backdoor models from our analysis. Our prototype UNICORN is general and effective in inverting backdoor triggers in DNNs. The code can be found at https://github.com/RU-System-Software-and-Security/UNICORN.
    Schlagwörter Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ; Computer Science - Cryptography and Security ; Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 006
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-04-05
    Erscheinungsland us
    Dokumenttyp Buch ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  5. Artikel ; Online: Spectral CT quantification stability and accuracy for pediatric patients: A phantom study.

    Shapira, Nadav / Mei, Kai / Noël, Peter B

    Journal of applied clinical medical physics

    2021  Band 22, Heft 3, Seite(n) 16–26

    Abstract: Background: Spectral computed tomography (spectral CT) provides access to clinically relevant measures of endogenous and exogenous materials in patients. For pediatric patients, current spectral CT applications include lesion characterization, ... ...

    Abstract Background: Spectral computed tomography (spectral CT) provides access to clinically relevant measures of endogenous and exogenous materials in patients. For pediatric patients, current spectral CT applications include lesion characterization, quantitative vascular imaging, assessments of tumor response to treatment, and more.
    Objective: The aim of this study is a comprehensive investigation of the accuracy and stability of spectral quantifications from a spectral detector-based CT system with respect to different patient sizes and radiation dose levels relevant for the pediatric population.
    Materials and methods: A spectral CT phantom with tissue-mimicking materials and iodine concentrations relevant for pediatric imaging was scanned on a spectral detector CT system using a standard pediatric abdominal protocol at 100%, 67%, 33% and 10% of the nominal radiation dose level. Different pediatric patient sizes were simulated using supplemental 3D-printed extension rings. Virtual mono-energetic, iodine density, effective atomic number, and electron density results were analyzed for stability with respect to radiation dose and patient size.
    Results: Compared to conventional CT imaging, a pronounced improvement in the stability of attenuation measurements across patient size was observed when using virtual mono-energetic images. Iodine densities were within 0.1 mg/ml, effective atomic numbers were within 0.26 atomic numbers and electron density quantifications were within ±1.0% of their respective nominal values. Relative to the nominal dose clinical protocol, differences in attenuation of all tissue-mimicking materials were maintained below 1.6 HU for a 33% dose reduction, below 2.7 HU for a 67% dose reduction and below 3.7 HU for a 90% dose reduction, for all virtual mono-energetic energies equal to or greater than 50 keV. Iodine, and effective atomic number quantifications were stable to within 0.1 mg/ml and 0.06 atomic numbers, respectively, across all measured dose levels.
    Conclusion: Spectral CT provides accurate and stable material quantification with respect to radiation dose reduction (up to 90%) and differing pediatric patient size. The observed consistency is an important step towards quantitative pediatric imaging at low radiation exposure levels.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Child ; Humans ; Iodine ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Radiation Dosage ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
    Chemische Substanzen Iodine (9679TC07X4)
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2021-01-10
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2010347-5
    ISSN 1526-9914 ; 1526-9914
    ISSN (online) 1526-9914
    ISSN 1526-9914
    DOI 10.1002/acm2.13161
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Artikel: PixelPrint: Generating Patient-Specific Phantoms for Spectral CT using Dual Filament 3D Printing.

    Pasyar, Pouyan / Im, Jessica / Mei, Kai / Liu, Leening / Sandvold, Olivia / Geagan, Michael / Noël, Peter B

    Proceedings of SPIE--the International Society for Optical Engineering

    2024  Band 12925

    Abstract: In recent years, the importance of spectral CT scanners in clinical settings has significantly increased, necessitating the development of phantoms with spectral capabilities. This study introduces a dual-filament 3D printing technique for the ... ...

    Abstract In recent years, the importance of spectral CT scanners in clinical settings has significantly increased, necessitating the development of phantoms with spectral capabilities. This study introduces a dual-filament 3D printing technique for the fabrication of multi-material phantoms suitable for spectral CT, focusing particularly on creating realistic phantoms with orthopedic implants to mimic metal artifacts. Previously, we developed PixelPrint for creating patient-specific lung phantoms that accurately replicate lung properties through precise attenuation profiles and textures. This research extends PixelPrint's utility by incorporating a dual-filament printing approach, which merges materials such as calcium-doped Polylactic Acid (PLA) and metal-doped PLA, to emulate both soft tissue and bone, as well as orthopedic implants. The PixelPrint dual-filament technique utilizes an interleaved approach for material usage, whereby alternating lines of calcium-doped and metal-doped PLA are laid down. The development of specialized filament extruders and deposition mechanisms in this study allows for controlled layering of materials. The effectiveness of this technique was evaluated using various phantom types, including one with a dual filament orthopedic implant and another based on a human knee CT scan with a medical implant. Spectral CT scanner results demonstrated a high degree of similarity between the phantoms and the original patient scans in terms of texture, density, and the creation of realistic metal artifacts. The PixelPrint technology's ability to produce multi-material, lifelike phantoms present new opportunities for evaluating and developing metal artifact reduction (MAR) algorithms and strategies.
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2024-05-06
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ISSN 0277-786X
    ISSN 0277-786X
    DOI 10.1117/12.3006512
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Artikel: Lifelike

    Im, Jessica Y / Halliburton, Sandra S / Mei, Kai / Perkins, Amy E / Wong, Eddy / Roshkovan, Leonid / Gang, Grace J / Noël, Peter B

    Proceedings of SPIE--the International Society for Optical Engineering

    2024  Band 12925

    Abstract: Deep learning CT reconstruction (DLR) has become increasingly popular as a method for improving image quality and reducing radiation exposure. Due to their nonlinear nature, these algorithms result in resolution and noise performance which are object- ... ...

    Abstract Deep learning CT reconstruction (DLR) has become increasingly popular as a method for improving image quality and reducing radiation exposure. Due to their nonlinear nature, these algorithms result in resolution and noise performance which are object-dependent. Therefore, traditional CT phantoms, which lack realistic tissue morphology, have become inadequate for assessing clinical imaging performance. We propose to utilize 3D-printed PixelPrint phantoms, which exhibit lifelike attenuation profiles, textures, and structures, as a better tool for evaluating DLR performance. In this study, we evaluate a DLR algorithm (Precise Image (PI), Philips Healthcare) using a custom PixelPrint lung phantom and perform head-to-head comparisons between DLR, iterative reconstruction, and filtered back projection (FBP) with scans acquired at a broad range of radiation exposures (CTDI
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2024-04-01
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ISSN 0277-786X
    ISSN 0277-786X
    DOI 10.1117/12.3006547
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Buch ; Online: NOTABLE

    Mei, Kai / Li, Zheng / Wang, Zhenting / Zhang, Yang / Ma, Shiqing

    Transferable Backdoor Attacks Against Prompt-based NLP Models

    2023  

    Abstract: Prompt-based learning is vulnerable to backdoor attacks. Existing backdoor attacks against prompt-based models consider injecting backdoors into the entire embedding layers or word embedding vectors. Such attacks can be easily affected by retraining on ... ...

    Abstract Prompt-based learning is vulnerable to backdoor attacks. Existing backdoor attacks against prompt-based models consider injecting backdoors into the entire embedding layers or word embedding vectors. Such attacks can be easily affected by retraining on downstream tasks and with different prompting strategies, limiting the transferability of backdoor attacks. In this work, we propose transferable backdoor attacks against prompt-based models, called NOTABLE, which is independent of downstream tasks and prompting strategies. Specifically, NOTABLE injects backdoors into the encoders of PLMs by utilizing an adaptive verbalizer to bind triggers to specific words (i.e., anchors). It activates the backdoor by pasting input with triggers to reach adversary-desired anchors, achieving independence from downstream tasks and prompting strategies. We conduct experiments on six NLP tasks, three popular models, and three prompting strategies. Empirical results show that NOTABLE achieves superior attack performance (i.e., attack success rate over 90% on all the datasets), and outperforms two state-of-the-art baselines. Evaluations on three defenses show the robustness of NOTABLE. Our code can be found at https://github.com/RU-System-Software-and-Security/Notable.
    Schlagwörter Computer Science - Computation and Language ; Computer Science - Cryptography and Security
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 303 ; 006
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-05-28
    Erscheinungsland us
    Dokumenttyp Buch ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  9. Artikel ; Online: Iterative Joint Estimation Procedure of Channel and PDP for OFDM Systems.

    He, Ruixuan / Liu, Xiaoran / Mei, Kai / Gong, Guangwei / Xiong, Jun / Wei, Jibo

    Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)

    2022  Band 24, Heft 11

    Abstract: The power-delay profile (PDP) estimation of wireless channels is an important step to generate a channel correlation matrix for channel linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) estimation. Estimated channel frequency response can be used to obtain time ... ...

    Abstract The power-delay profile (PDP) estimation of wireless channels is an important step to generate a channel correlation matrix for channel linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) estimation. Estimated channel frequency response can be used to obtain time dispersion characteristics that can be exploited by adaptive orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. In this paper, a joint estimator for PDP and LMMSE channel estimation is proposed. For LMMSE channel estimation, we apply a candidate set of frequency-domain channel correlation functions (CCF) and select the one that best matches the current channel to construct the channel correlation matrix. The initial candidate set is generated based on the traditional CCF calculation method for different scenarios. Then, the result of channel estimation is used as an input for the PDP estimation whereas the estimated PDP is further used to update the candidate channel correlation matrix. The enhancement of LMMSE channel estimation and PDP estimation can be achieved by the iterative joint estimation procedure. Analysis and simulation results show that in different communication scenarios, the PDP estimation error of the proposed method can approach the Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) after a finite number of iterations. Moreover, the mean square error of channel estimation is close to the performance of accurate PDP-assisted LMMSE.
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-11-15
    Erscheinungsland Switzerland
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2014734-X
    ISSN 1099-4300 ; 1099-4300
    ISSN (online) 1099-4300
    ISSN 1099-4300
    DOI 10.3390/e24111664
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Artikel: miR-187/PDLIM1 Gets Involved in Gastric Cancer Progression and Cisplatin Sensitivity of Cisplatin by Mediating the Hippo-YAP Signaling Pathway.

    Tan, Yeru / Li, Yuehua / Zhu, Hongbo / Wu, Xiaoping / Mei, Kai / Li, Pian / Yang, Qiao

    Journal of oncology

    2022  Band 2022, Seite(n) 5456016

    Abstract: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies in the digestive system across the world. The function and mechanism of PDLIM1, a cancer-suppressing gene, in gastric cancer progression remain unclear. This study is aimed at investigating ... ...

    Abstract Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies in the digestive system across the world. The function and mechanism of PDLIM1, a cancer-suppressing gene, in gastric cancer progression remain unclear. This study is aimed at investigating the expression features and function of PDLIM1 in GC. RT-qPCR and western blot were used to compare the profiles of PDLIM1 and miR-187 between GC and normal tissues. The cell models of PDLIM1 overexpression and low expression were established in gastric cancer cell lines MKN45 and AGS. CCK8 and BrdU assays measured cell proliferation. Flow cytometry monitored cell apoptosis. Transwell analyzed cell invasion and migration. The influence of miR-187 overexpression on gastric cancer development was assessed. We predicted the targeted correlation between miR-187 and PDLIM1 through bioinformatics, which was corroborated via dual luciferase activity assay and RIP. Meanwhile, the cell model of PDLIM1 overexpression was built in AGS cells transfected with miR-187 mimics. A rescue experiment was conducted to assess the impact of PDLIM1 overexpression on the procancer function of miR-187. As a result, in contrast with normal paracancer tissues, PDLIM1 was substantially downregulated in GC tissues. Moreover, PDLIM1 overexpression considerably dampened proliferation, invasion, and migration in GC cells, boosted the cell apoptosis, and bolstered their sensitivity to cisplatin. PDLIM1 knockdown or miR-187 overexpression dramatically fostered GC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration and repressed cell apoptosis. Mechanism studies demonstrated that PDLIM1 vigorously restrained the profiles of the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway and the downstream target genes. miR-187 targeted PDLIM1, while miR-187 overexpression cramped PDLIM1 expression. The rescue experiment suggested that PDLIM1 overexpression weakened the procancer function of miR-187 in GC cells. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that PDLIM1 presented a low expression in GC tissues, while miR-187/PDLIM1 participated in GC development and cisplatin sensitivity by mediating the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway.
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-09-17
    Erscheinungsland Egypt
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2461349-6
    ISSN 1687-8469 ; 1687-8450
    ISSN (online) 1687-8469
    ISSN 1687-8450
    DOI 10.1155/2022/5456016
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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