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  1. Artikel: Quantification of early nonpharmaceutical interventions aimed at slowing transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in the Navajo Nation and surrounding states (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah).

    Miller, Ely F / Neumann, Jacob / Chen, Ye / Mallela, Abhishek / Lin, Yen Ting / Hlavacek, William S / Posner, Richard G

    medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences

    2023  

    Abstract: During an early period of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the Navajo Nation, much like New York City, experienced a relatively high rate of disease transmission. Yet, between January and October 2020, it experienced only a single period ...

    Abstract During an early period of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the Navajo Nation, much like New York City, experienced a relatively high rate of disease transmission. Yet, between January and October 2020, it experienced only a single period of growth in new COVID-19 cases, which ended when cases peaked in May 2020. The daily number of new cases slowly decayed in the summer of 2020 until late September 2020. In contrast, the surrounding states of Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah all experienced at least two periods of growth in the same time frame, with second surges beginning in late May to early June. To investigate the causes of this difference, we used a compartmental model accounting for distinct periods of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-02-16
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2023.02.15.23285971
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Artikel ; Online: Quantification of early nonpharmaceutical interventions aimed at slowing transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in the Navajo Nation and surrounding states (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah).

    Miller, Ely F / Neumann, Jacob / Chen, Ye / Mallela, Abhishek / Lin, Yen Ting / Hlavacek, William S / Posner, Richard G

    PLOS global public health

    2023  Band 3, Heft 6, Seite(n) e0001490

    Abstract: During an early period of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the Navajo Nation, much like New York City, experienced a relatively high rate of disease transmission. Yet, between January and October 2020, it experienced only a single period ...

    Abstract During an early period of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the Navajo Nation, much like New York City, experienced a relatively high rate of disease transmission. Yet, between January and October 2020, it experienced only a single period of growth in new COVID-19 cases, which ended when cases peaked in May 2020. The daily number of new cases slowly decayed in the summer of 2020 until late September 2020. In contrast, the surrounding states of Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah all experienced at least two periods of growth in the same time frame, with second surges beginning in late May to early June. Here, we investigated these differences in disease transmission dynamics with the objective of quantifying the contributions of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) (e.g., behaviors that limit disease transmission). We considered a compartmental model accounting for distinct periods of NPIs to analyze the epidemic in each of the five regions. We used Bayesian inference to estimate region-specific model parameters from regional surveillance data (daily reports of new COVID-19 cases) and to quantify uncertainty in parameter estimates and model predictions. Our results suggest that NPIs in the Navajo Nation were sustained over the period of interest, whereas in the surrounding states, NPIs were relaxed, which allowed for subsequent surges in cases. Our region-specific model parameterizations allow us to quantify the impacts of NPIs on disease incidence in the regions of interest.
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-06-21
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ISSN 2767-3375
    ISSN (online) 2767-3375
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001490
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Artikel: Bayesian Inference of State-Level COVID-19 Basic Reproduction Numbers across the United States

    Mallela, Abhishek / Neumann, Jacob / Miller, Ely F. / Chen, Ye / Posner, Richard G. / Lin, Yen Ting / Hlavacek, William S.

    Viruses. 2022 Jan. 15, v. 14, no. 1

    2022  

    Abstract: Although many persons in the United States have acquired immunity to COVID-19, either through vaccination or infection with SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 will pose an ongoing threat to non-immune persons so long as disease transmission continues. We can estimate ... ...

    Abstract Although many persons in the United States have acquired immunity to COVID-19, either through vaccination or infection with SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 will pose an ongoing threat to non-immune persons so long as disease transmission continues. We can estimate when sustained disease transmission will end in a population by calculating the population-specific basic reproduction number ℛ0, the expected number of secondary cases generated by an infected person in the absence of any interventions. The value of ℛ0 relates to a herd immunity threshold (HIT), which is given by 1−1/ℛ0. When the immune fraction of a population exceeds this threshold, sustained disease transmission becomes exponentially unlikely (barring mutations allowing SARS-CoV-2 to escape immunity). Here, we report state-level ℛ0 estimates obtained using Bayesian inference. Maximum a posteriori estimates range from 7.1 for New Jersey to 2.3 for Wyoming, indicating that disease transmission varies considerably across states and that reaching herd immunity will be more difficult in some states than others. ℛ0 estimates were obtained from compartmental models via the next-generation matrix approach after each model was parameterized using regional daily confirmed case reports of COVID-19 from 21 January 2020 to 21 June 2020. Our ℛ0 estimates characterize the infectiousness of ancestral strains, but they can be used to determine HITs for a distinct, currently dominant circulating strain, such as SARS-CoV-2 variant Delta (lineage B.1.617.2), if the relative infectiousness of the strain can be ascertained. On the basis of Delta-adjusted HITs, vaccination data, and seroprevalence survey data, we found that no state had achieved herd immunity as of 20 September 2021.
    Schlagwörter Bayesian theory ; COVID-19 infection ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; basic reproduction number ; herd immunity ; models ; reproduction ; seroprevalence ; surveys ; vaccination ; New Jersey ; Wyoming
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf 2022-0115
    Erscheinungsort Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Dokumenttyp Artikel
    ZDB-ID 2516098-9
    ISSN 1999-4915
    ISSN 1999-4915
    DOI 10.3390/v14010157
    Datenquelle NAL Katalog (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Artikel: Impacts of vaccination and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 variants Alpha and Delta on Coronavirus Disease 2019 transmission dynamics in four metropolitan areas of the United States.

    Mallela, Abhishek / Chen, Ye / Lin, Yen Ting / Miller, Ely F / Neumann, Jacob / He, Zhili / Nelson, Kathryn E / Posner, Richard G / Hlavacek, William S

    medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences

    2024  

    Abstract: To characterize Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission dynamics in each of the metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) surrounding Dallas, Houston, New York City, and Phoenix in 2020 and 2021, we extended a previously reported compartmental model ...

    Abstract To characterize Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission dynamics in each of the metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) surrounding Dallas, Houston, New York City, and Phoenix in 2020 and 2021, we extended a previously reported compartmental model accounting for effects of multiple distinct periods of non-pharmaceutical interventions by adding consideration of vaccination and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants Alpha (lineage B.1.1.7) and Delta (lineage B.1.617.2). For each MSA, we found region-specific parameterizations of the model using daily reports of new COVID-19 cases available from January 21, 2020 to October 31, 2021. In the process, we obtained estimates of the relative infectiousness of Alpha and Delta as well as their takeoff times in each MSA (the times at which sustained transmission began). The estimated infectiousness of Alpha ranged from 1.1x to 1.4x that of viral strains circulating in 2020 and early 2021. The estimated relative infectiousness of Delta was higher in all cases, ranging from 1.6x to 2.1x. The estimated Alpha takeoff times ranged from February 1 to February 28, 2021. The estimated Delta takeoff times ranged from June 2 to June 26, 2021. Estimated takeoff times are consistent with genomic surveillance data.
    One-sentence summary: Using a compartmental model parameterized to reproduce available reports of new Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases, we quantified the impacts of vaccination and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants Alpha (lineage B.1.1.7) and Delta (lineage B.1.617.2) on regional epidemics in the metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) surrounding Dallas, Houston, New York City, and Phoenix.
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2024-01-08
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2021.10.19.21265223
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Artikel ; Online: Impacts of Vaccination and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Variants Alpha and Delta on Coronavirus Disease 2019 Transmission Dynamics in Four Metropolitan Areas of the United States.

    Mallela, Abhishek / Chen, Ye / Lin, Yen Ting / Miller, Ely F / Neumann, Jacob / He, Zhili / Nelson, Kathryn E / Posner, Richard G / Hlavacek, William S

    Bulletin of mathematical biology

    2024  Band 86, Heft 3, Seite(n) 31

    Abstract: To characterize Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission dynamics in each of the metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) surrounding Dallas, Houston, New York City, and Phoenix in 2020 and 2021, we extended a previously reported compartmental model ...

    Abstract To characterize Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission dynamics in each of the metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) surrounding Dallas, Houston, New York City, and Phoenix in 2020 and 2021, we extended a previously reported compartmental model accounting for effects of multiple distinct periods of non-pharmaceutical interventions by adding consideration of vaccination and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants Alpha (lineage B.1.1.7) and Delta (lineage B.1.617.2). For each MSA, we found region-specific parameterizations of the model using daily reports of new COVID-19 cases available from January 21, 2020 to October 31, 2021. In the process, we obtained estimates of the relative infectiousness of Alpha and Delta as well as their takeoff times in each MSA (the times at which sustained transmission began). The estimated infectiousness of Alpha ranged from 1.1x to 1.4x that of viral strains circulating in 2020 and early 2021. The estimated relative infectiousness of Delta was higher in all cases, ranging from 1.6x  to 2.1x. The estimated Alpha takeoff times ranged from February 1 to February 28, 2021. The estimated Delta takeoff times ranged from June 2 to June 26, 2021. Estimated takeoff times are consistent with genomic surveillance data.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) United States/epidemiology ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Mathematical Concepts ; Models, Biological ; Vaccination
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2024-02-14
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 184905-0
    ISSN 1522-9602 ; 0007-4985 ; 0092-8240
    ISSN (online) 1522-9602
    ISSN 0007-4985 ; 0092-8240
    DOI 10.1007/s11538-024-01258-4
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Artikel ; Online: Bayesian Inference of State-Level COVID-19 Basic Reproduction Numbers across the United States.

    Mallela, Abhishek / Neumann, Jacob / Miller, Ely F / Chen, Ye / Posner, Richard G / Lin, Yen Ting / Hlavacek, William S

    Viruses

    2022  Band 14, Heft 1

    Abstract: Although many persons in the United States have acquired immunity to COVID-19, either through vaccination or infection with SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 will pose an ongoing threat to non-immune persons so long as disease transmission continues. We can estimate ... ...

    Abstract Although many persons in the United States have acquired immunity to COVID-19, either through vaccination or infection with SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 will pose an ongoing threat to non-immune persons so long as disease transmission continues. We can estimate when sustained disease transmission will end in a population by calculating the population-specific basic reproduction number ℛ0, the expected number of secondary cases generated by an infected person in the absence of any interventions. The value of ℛ0 relates to a herd immunity threshold (HIT), which is given by 1-1/ℛ0. When the immune fraction of a population exceeds this threshold, sustained disease transmission becomes exponentially unlikely (barring mutations allowing SARS-CoV-2 to escape immunity). Here, we report state-level ℛ0 estimates obtained using Bayesian inference. Maximum a posteriori estimates range from 7.1 for New Jersey to 2.3 for Wyoming, indicating that disease transmission varies considerably across states and that reaching herd immunity will be more difficult in some states than others. ℛ0 estimates were obtained from compartmental models via the next-generation matrix approach after each model was parameterized using regional daily confirmed case reports of COVID-19 from 21 January 2020 to 21 June 2020. Our ℛ0 estimates characterize the infectiousness of ancestral strains, but they can be used to determine HITs for a distinct, currently dominant circulating strain, such as SARS-CoV-2 variant Delta (lineage B.1.617.2), if the relative infectiousness of the strain can be ascertained. On the basis of Delta-adjusted HITs, vaccination data, and seroprevalence survey data, we found that no state had achieved herd immunity as of 20 September 2021.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Basic Reproduction Number ; Bayes Theorem ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/immunology ; COVID-19/transmission ; Epidemics ; Epidemiological Models ; Humans ; Immunity, Herd ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Uncertainty ; United States/epidemiology
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-01-15
    Erscheinungsland Switzerland
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2516098-9
    ISSN 1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
    ISSN (online) 1999-4915
    ISSN 1999-4915
    DOI 10.3390/v14010157
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Artikel ; Online: Quantification of early nonpharmaceutical interventions 1 aimed at slowing transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in the Navajo Nation and surrounding states (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah)

    Miller, Ely F / Neumann, Jacob / Chen, Ye / Mallela, Abhishek / Lin, Yen Ting / Hlavacek, William s / Posner, richard G

    medRxiv

    Abstract: During an early period of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the Navajo Nation, much like New York City, experienced a relatively high rate of disease transmission. Yet, between January and October 2020, it experienced only a single period ...

    Abstract During an early period of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the Navajo Nation, much like New York City, experienced a relatively high rate of disease transmission. Yet, between January and October 2020, it experienced only a single period of growth in new COVID-19 cases, which ended when cases peaked in May 2020. The daily number of new cases slowly decayed in the summer of 2020 until late September 2020. In contrast, the surrounding states of Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah all experienced at least two periods of growth in the same time frame, with second surges beginning in late May to early June. To investigate the causes of this difference, we used a compartmental model accounting for distinct periods of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) (e.g., behaviors that limit disease transmission) to analyze the epidemic in each of the five regions. We used Bayesian inference to estimate region-specific model parameters from regional surveillance data (daily reports of new COVID-19 cases) and to quantify uncertainty in parameter estimates and model predictions. Our results suggest that NPIs in the Navajo Nation were sustained over the period of interest, whereas in the surrounding states, NPIs were relaxed, which allowed for subsequent surges in cases. Our region-specific model parameterizations allow us to quantify the impacts of NPIs on disease incidence in the regions of interest.
    Schlagwörter covid19
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-02-16
    Verlag Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    DOI 10.1101/2023.02.15.23285971
    Datenquelle COVID19

    Kategorien

  8. Artikel: Bayesian Inference of State-Level COVID-19 Basic Reproduction Numbers across the United States.

    Mallela, Abhishek / Neumann, Jacob / Miller, Ely F / Chen, Ye / Posner, Richard G / Lin, Yen Ting / Hlavacek, William S

    medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences

    2021  

    Abstract: Although many persons in the United States have acquired immunity to COVID-19, either through vaccination or infection with SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 will pose an ongoing threat to non-immune persons so long as disease transmission continues. We can estimate ... ...

    Abstract Although many persons in the United States have acquired immunity to COVID-19, either through vaccination or infection with SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 will pose an ongoing threat to non-immune persons so long as disease transmission continues. We can estimate when sustained disease transmission will end in a population by calculating the population-specific basic reproduction number ℛ
    Significance statement: COVID-19 will continue to threaten non-immune persons in the presence of ongoing disease transmission. We can estimate when sustained disease transmission will end by calculating the population-specific basic reproduction number ℛ
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2021-09-28
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2021.09.27.21264188
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Artikel ; Online: Implementation of a practical Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling algorithm in PyBioNetFit.

    Neumann, Jacob / Lin, Yen Ting / Mallela, Abhishek / Miller, Ely F / Colvin, Joshua / Duprat, Abell T / Chen, Ye / Hlavacek, William S / Posner, Richard G

    Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)

    2022  Band 38, Heft 6, Seite(n) 1770–1772

    Abstract: Summary: Bayesian inference in biological modeling commonly relies on Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling of a multidimensional and non-Gaussian posterior distribution that is not analytically tractable. Here, we present the implementation of a ... ...

    Abstract Summary: Bayesian inference in biological modeling commonly relies on Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling of a multidimensional and non-Gaussian posterior distribution that is not analytically tractable. Here, we present the implementation of a practical MCMC method in the open-source software package PyBioNetFit (PyBNF), which is designed to support parameterization of mathematical models for biological systems. The new MCMC method, am, incorporates an adaptive move proposal distribution. For warm starts, sampling can be initiated at a specified location in parameter space and with a multivariate Gaussian proposal distribution defined initially by a specified covariance matrix. Multiple chains can be generated in parallel using a computer cluster. We demonstrate that am can be used to successfully solve real-world Bayesian inference problems, including forecasting of new Coronavirus Disease 2019 case detection with Bayesian quantification of forecast uncertainty.
    Availability and implementation: PyBNF version 1.1.9, the first stable release with am, is available at PyPI and can be installed using the pip package-management system on platforms that have a working installation of Python 3. PyBNF relies on libRoadRunner and BioNetGen for simulations (e.g. numerical integration of ordinary differential equations defined in SBML or BNGL files) and Dask.Distributed for task scheduling on Linux computer clusters. The Python source code can be freely downloaded/cloned from GitHub and used and modified under terms of the BSD-3 license (https://github.com/lanl/pybnf). Online documentation covering installation/usage is available (https://pybnf.readthedocs.io/en/latest/). A tutorial video is available on YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2aRqpqFOiS4&t=63s).
    Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Humans ; Markov Chains ; Bayes Theorem ; COVID-19 ; Algorithms ; Software ; Monte Carlo Method
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-01-06
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1422668-6
    ISSN 1367-4811 ; 1367-4803
    ISSN (online) 1367-4811
    ISSN 1367-4803
    DOI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btac004
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Artikel ; Online: Bayesian Inference of State-Level COVID-19 Basic Reproduction Numbers across the United States

    Mallela, Abhishek / Neumann, Jacob / Miller, Ely F / Chen, Ye / Posner, Richard G / Lin, Yen Ting / Hlavacek, William S

    medRxiv

    Abstract: Although many persons in the United States have acquired immunity to COVID-19, either through vaccination or infection with SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 will pose an ongoing threat to non-immune persons so long as disease transmission continues. We can estimate ... ...

    Abstract Although many persons in the United States have acquired immunity to COVID-19, either through vaccination or infection with SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 will pose an ongoing threat to non-immune persons so long as disease transmission continues. We can estimate when sustained disease transmission will end in a population by calculating the population-specific basic reproduction number R_0, the expected number of secondary cases generated by an infected person in the absence of any interventions. The value of R_0 relates to a herd immunity threshold (HIT), which is given by 1-1/R_0. When the immune fraction of a population exceeds this threshold, sustained disease transmission becomes exponentially unlikely (barring mutations allowing SARS-CoV-2 to escape immunity). Here, we report state-level R_0 estimates obtained using Bayesian inference. Maximum a posteriori estimates range from 7.1 for New Jersey to 2.3 for Wyoming, indicating that disease transmission varies considerably across states and that reaching herd immunity will be more difficult in some states than others. R_0 estimates were obtained from compartmental models via the next-generation matrix approach after each model was parameterized using regional daily confirmed case reports of COVID-19 from 21-January-2020 to 21-June-2020. Our R_0 estimates characterize infectiousness of ancestral strains, but they can be used to determine HITs for a distinct, currently dominant circulating strain, such as SARS-CoV-2 variant Delta (lineage B.1.617.2), if the relative infectiousness of the strain can be ascertained. On the basis of Delta-adjusted HITs, vaccination data, and seroprevalence survey data, we find that no state has achieved herd immunity as of 20-September-2021.
    Schlagwörter covid19
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2021-09-28
    Verlag Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    DOI 10.1101/2021.09.27.21264188
    Datenquelle COVID19

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