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  1. Artikel: [Efficacy and safety of bacterial lysate OM-85 in the treatment of uncomplicated acute respiratory infections: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, randomized trial].

    Kalyuzhin, O V / Gorelov, A V / Malyavin, A G / Zaytsev, A A / Esaulenko, E V / Novak, K E / Bykov, A S

    Terapevticheskii arkhiv

    2023  Band 95, Heft 10, Seite(n) 850–858

    Abstract: Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of OM-85 in the treatment of uncomplicated acute respiratory infections (ARI) in adults.: Materials and methods: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, randomized trial included 556 patients (18-60 ... ...

    Abstract Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of OM-85 in the treatment of uncomplicated acute respiratory infections (ARI) in adults.
    Materials and methods: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, randomized trial included 556 patients (18-60 years old) with mild and moderate ARI and negative results of polymerase chain reaction analysis for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and rapid test for influenza A and B viruses. Patients were randomized into two groups: in the first group (
    Results: The superiority of OM-85 over placebo by primary endpoint was observed on the 5th, 7th and 10th days of treatment. OM-85 efficacy has also been proven by secondary criteria. OM-85 shortened the time until the symptoms of ARI resolved according to the WURSS-21 and CCQ, increased the proportion of patients with body temperature below 37°C by 2-9 days. The time needed to resolve the symptoms of disease in 20% of patients according to WURSS-21 was 7 and 9 days in patients taking OM-85 and placebo, respectively. Bacterial lysate increased the probability of complete disappearance of symptoms according to CCQ by 45.7% compared to placebo. The analysis of the frequency and severity of adverse events, laboratory tests, physical and instrumental examination results during treatment confirmed the good tolerability and safety of OM-85.
    Conclusion: The study confirmed the efficacy and safety of OM-85 in the complex treatment of ARI in adults.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Adult ; Humans ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Middle Aged ; Bacterial Lysates ; RNA, Viral/therapeutic use ; Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy ; Influenza, Human/drug therapy ; Common Cold ; Double-Blind Method ; Bacteria ; Treatment Outcome
    Chemische Substanzen Bacterial Lysates ; RNA, Viral
    Sprache Russisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-11-23
    Erscheinungsland Russia (Federation)
    Dokumenttyp Randomized Controlled Trial ; Multicenter Study ; English Abstract ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 40718-5
    ISSN 2309-5342 ; 0040-3660
    ISSN (online) 2309-5342
    ISSN 0040-3660
    DOI 10.26442/00403660.2023.10.202464
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Artikel: Features of motor performance that drive adaptation in rapid hand movements.

    Novak, K E / Miller, L E / Houk, J C

    Experimental brain research

    2003  Band 148, Heft 3, Seite(n) 388–400

    Abstract: In order to explore how subjects correct for errors in movement and adapt their motor programs, we studied rapid hand movements. Subjects grasped a grooved knob and made brisk turning movements to various targets, similar to tuning a radio dial. A motor ... ...

    Abstract In order to explore how subjects correct for errors in movement and adapt their motor programs, we studied rapid hand movements. Subjects grasped a grooved knob and made brisk turning movements to various targets, similar to tuning a radio dial. A motor attached to the knob shaft was configured to apply a destabilizing negative viscous perturbation. Following a period of practice with no perturbations, the negative viscosity was engaged, which caused a large change in overall kinematics: the peak velocity increased, the movement amplitude was too large, and discrete corrective submovements were generated to bring the pointer back onto the target. After about an hour and nearly 1000 trials, subjects learned to move accurately in the new dynamic environment, returning their overall kinematics near to previous levels. Measures of performance included the endpoint error of the primary movement (the initial movement segment), the frequency and amplitude of corrective submovements, task success rate, mean squared jerk, and deviation from a "normal" angular velocity temporal profile. Both the amplitude and frequency of corrective submovements decreased progressively during adaptation as the subjects made fewer target overshoot errors. These results are consistent with motor learning schemes in which adaptation of the motor controller is driven by an attempt to reduce the endpoint error of the primary movement. While there have been many theories regarding what is being optimized in motor control, in general, biologically plausible mechanisms for implementing these schemes have not been described. A biologically plausible optimization criterion is the minimization of the occurrence and amplitude of corrective submovements, since the latter have been proposed as realistic climbing fiber training signals for adaptive changes in the cerebellum. We postulate that the other criteria that have been proposed are instead secondary to an increased accuracy of the primary movement and a corresponding decrease in the occurrence and amplitude of corrective submovements.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Adaptation, Physiological/physiology ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Computer Simulation ; Hand/physiology ; Humans ; Motor Activity/physiology ; Movement/physiology ; Posture ; Psychomotor Performance/physiology ; Time Factors
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2003-02
    Erscheinungsland Germany
    Dokumenttyp Comparative Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1201-4
    ISSN 1432-1106 ; 0014-4819
    ISSN (online) 1432-1106
    ISSN 0014-4819
    DOI 10.1007/s00221-002-1288-1
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Artikel: The use of overlapping submovements in the control of rapid hand movements.

    Novak, K E / Miller, L E / Houk, J C

    Experimental brain research

    2002  Band 144, Heft 3, Seite(n) 351–364

    Abstract: Rapid targeted movements are subject to special control considerations, since there may be inadequate time available for either visual or somatosensory feedback to be effective. In our experiments, subjects rapidly rotated a knob to align a pointer to ... ...

    Abstract Rapid targeted movements are subject to special control considerations, since there may be inadequate time available for either visual or somatosensory feedback to be effective. In our experiments, subjects rapidly rotated a knob to align a pointer to one of several targets. We recognized three different types of movement segments: the primary movement, and two types of submovement, which frequently followed. The submovements were initiated either before or after the end of the primary movement. The former, or "overlapping" type of submovement altered the kinematics of the overall movement and was consequently difficult to detect. We used a direct, objective test of movement regularity to detect overlapping submovements, namely, examining the number of jerk and snap zero crossings during the second half of a movement. Any overlapping submovements were parsed from the overall movement by subtracting the velocity profile of the primary movement. The velocity profiles of the extracted submovements had near-symmetric bell shapes, similar to the shapes of both pure primary movements and nonoverlapping submovements. This suggests that the same neural control mechanisms may be responsible for producing all three types of movement segments. Overlapping submovements corrected for errors in the amplitude of the primary movement. Furthermore, they may account for the previously observed, speed-dependent asymmetry of the velocity profile. We used a nonlinear model of the musculoskeletal system to explain most of the kinematic features of these rapid hand movements, including how discrete submovements are superimposed on a primary movement. Finally, we present a plausible scheme for how the central nervous system may generate the commands to control these rapid hand movements.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Adult ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Central Nervous System/physiology ; Female ; Genetic Variation/physiology ; Hand/innervation ; Hand/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Movement/physiology ; Muscle Contraction/physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal/innervation ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiology ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Psychomotor Performance/physiology
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2002-06
    Erscheinungsland Germany
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1201-4
    ISSN 1432-1106 ; 0014-4819
    ISSN (online) 1432-1106
    ISSN 0014-4819
    DOI 10.1007/s00221-002-1060-6
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Artikel: Kinematic properties of rapid hand movements in a knob turning task.

    Novak, K E / Miller, L E / Houk, J C

    Experimental brain research

    2000  Band 132, Heft 4, Seite(n) 419–433

    Abstract: In order to understand how the central nervous system controls the kinematics of rapid finger and hand movements, we studied the motions of subjects turning a knob to light-emitting diode targets, similar to tuning a radio dial. On many trials, subjects ... ...

    Abstract In order to understand how the central nervous system controls the kinematics of rapid finger and hand movements, we studied the motions of subjects turning a knob to light-emitting diode targets, similar to tuning a radio dial. On many trials, subjects turned the knob with a single, smooth, and regular motion as revealed by the angular position and velocity trajectories, but on others, subjects produced irregularities in the kinematics. Like many past studies, we interpreted these irregularities as discrete corrective submovements. Unlike other studies, we used a direct, objective algorithm to identify overlapping submovements, detecting appreciable inflections in the acceleration traces by examining zero crossings in their derivatives, jerk and snap. The movements without overlapping submovements on average had a near symmetric, bell-shaped velocity profile that was independent of speed, and which matched the theoretical minimum jerk velocity very closely. We proposed three plausible mechanisms for altering the shape of movement kinematics, and implemented a mass-spring model with nonlinear damping to explore the possibilities. Although there was relatively little variability in the shape and symmetry of movements across trials, there was a fair amount of variability in their amplitude. We show that subjects attempted to eliminate the need for corrective submovements by making more accurate primary movements with practice, but that the variability inherent in rapid movements dictated the need for corrective submovements. Subjects used corrective submovements to improve final endpoint accuracy while reducing endpoint variability, resulting in higher task success rates.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Adult ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Female ; Hand/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Motor Skills/physiology ; Movement/physiology ; Task Performance and Analysis
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2000-06
    Erscheinungsland Germany
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1201-4
    ISSN 1432-1106 ; 0014-4819
    ISSN (online) 1432-1106
    ISSN 0014-4819
    DOI 10.1007/s002210000366
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Artikel ; Online: Olfaction in Parkin heterozygotes and compound heterozygotes: the CORE-PD study.

    Alcalay, R N / Siderowf, A / Ottman, R / Caccappolo, E / Mejia-Santana, H / Tang, M-X / Rosado, L / Louis, E / Ruiz, D / Waters, C / Fahn, S / Cote, L / Frucht, S / Ford, B / Orbe-Reilly, M / Ross, B / Verbitsky, M / Kisselev, S / Comella, C /
    Colcher, A / Jennings, D / Nance, M / Bressman, S / Scott, W K / Tanner, C / Mickel, S / Rezak, M / Novak, K E / Friedman, J H / Pfeiffer, R / Marsh, L / Hiner, B / Clark, L N / Marder, K

    Neurology

    2010  Band 76, Heft 4, Seite(n) 319–326

    Abstract: Background: While Parkinson disease (PD) is consistently associated with impaired olfaction, one study reported better olfaction among Parkin mutation carriers than noncarriers. Whether olfaction differs between Parkin mutation heterozygotes and ... ...

    Abstract Background: While Parkinson disease (PD) is consistently associated with impaired olfaction, one study reported better olfaction among Parkin mutation carriers than noncarriers. Whether olfaction differs between Parkin mutation heterozygotes and carriers of 2 Parkin mutations (compound heterozygotes) is unknown.
    Objective: To assess the relationship between Parkin genotype and olfaction in PD probands and their unaffected relatives.
    Methods: We administered the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) to 44 probands in the Consortium on Risk for Early-Onset Parkinson Disease study with PD onset ≤50 years (10 Parkin mutation heterozygotes, 9 compound heterozygotes, 25 noncarriers) and 80 of their family members (18 heterozygotes, 2 compound heterozygotes, 60 noncarriers). In the probands, linear regression was used to assess the association between UPSIT score (outcome) and Parkin genotype (predictor), adjusting for covariates. Among family members without PD, we compared UPSIT performance in heterozygotes vs noncarriers using generalized estimating equations, adjusting for family membership, age, gender, and smoking.
    Results: Among probands with PD, compound heterozygotes had higher UPSIT scores (31.9) than heterozygotes (20.1) or noncarriers (19.9) (p < 0.001). These differences persisted after adjustment for age, gender, disease duration, and smoking. Among relatives without PD, UPSIT performance was similar in heterozygotes (32.5) vs noncarriers (32.4), and better than in heterozygotes with PD (p = 0.001).
    Conclusion: Olfaction is significantly reduced among Parkin mutation heterozygotes with PD but not among their heterozygous relatives without PD. Compound heterozygotes with PD have olfaction within the normal range. Further research is required to assess whether these findings reflect different neuropathology in Parkin mutation heterozygotes and compound heterozygotes.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Adult ; Female ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Parkinson Disease/genetics ; Parkinson Disease/physiopathology ; Smell ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics
    Chemische Substanzen Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases (EC 2.3.2.27) ; parkin protein (EC 2.3.2.27)
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2010-12-29
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 207147-2
    ISSN 1526-632X ; 0028-3878
    ISSN (online) 1526-632X
    ISSN 0028-3878
    DOI 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31820882aa
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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