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  1. Artikel ; Online: Individual differences in working memory impact the trajectory of non-native speech category learning.

    Roark, Casey L / Paulon, Giorgio / Rebaudo, Giovanni / McHaney, Jacie R / Sarkar, Abhra / Chandrasekaran, Bharath

    PloS one

    2024  Band 19, Heft 6, Seite(n) e0297917

    Abstract: What is the role of working memory over the course of non-native speech category learning? Prior work has predominantly focused on how working memory might influence learning assessed at a single timepoint. Here, we substantially extend this prior work ... ...

    Abstract What is the role of working memory over the course of non-native speech category learning? Prior work has predominantly focused on how working memory might influence learning assessed at a single timepoint. Here, we substantially extend this prior work by examining the role of working memory on speech learning performance over time (i.e., over several months) and leverage a multifaceted approach that provides key insights into how working memory influences learning accuracy, maintenance of knowledge over time, generalization ability, and decision processes. We found that the role of working memory in non-native speech learning depends on the timepoint of learning and whether individuals learned the categories at all. Among learners, across all stages of learning, working memory was associated with higher accuracy as well as faster and slightly more cautious decision making. Further, while learners and non-learners did not have substantially different working memory performance, learners had faster evidence accumulation and more cautious decision thresholds throughout all sessions. Working memory may enhance learning by facilitating rapid category acquisition in initial stages and enabling faster and slightly more careful decision-making strategies that may reduce the overall effort needed to learn. Our results have important implications for developing interventions to improve learning in naturalistic language contexts.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Humans ; Memory, Short-Term/physiology ; Female ; Male ; Learning/physiology ; Individuality ; Speech/physiology ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Decision Making/physiology ; Language
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2024-06-10
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0297917
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Artikel ; Online: Bayesian Semiparametric Longitudinal Drift-Diffusion Mixed Models for Tone Learning in Adults

    Paulon, Giorgio / Llanos, Fernando / Chandrasekaran, Bharath / Sarkar, Abhra

    Journal of the American Statistical Association. 2021 July 3, v. 116, no. 535 p.1114-1127

    2021  

    Abstract: Understanding how adult humans learn nonnative speech categories such as tone information has shed novel insights into the mechanisms underlying experience-dependent brain plasticity. Scientists have traditionally examined these questions using ... ...

    Abstract Understanding how adult humans learn nonnative speech categories such as tone information has shed novel insights into the mechanisms underlying experience-dependent brain plasticity. Scientists have traditionally examined these questions using longitudinal learning experiments under a multi-category decision making paradigm. Drift-diffusion processes are popular in such contexts for their ability to mimic underlying neural mechanisms. Motivated by these problems, we develop a novel Bayesian semiparametric inverse Gaussian drift-diffusion mixed model for multi-alternative decision making in longitudinal settings. We design a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm for posterior computation. We evaluate the method’s empirical performances through synthetic experiments. Applied to our motivating longitudinal tone learning study, the method provides novel insights into how the biologically interpretable model parameters evolve with learning, differ between input-response tone combinations, and differ between well and poorly performing adults. Supplementary materials for this article, including a standardized description of the materials available for reproducing the work, are available as an online supplement.
    Schlagwörter Bayesian theory ; Markov chain ; adults ; algorithms ; models ; neuroplasticity ; speech ; Auditory category/tone learning ; Drift-diffusion models ; Inverse Gaussian distributions ; Local clustering ; Longitudinal mixed models ; Perceptual decision making
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf 2021-0703
    Umfang p. 1114-1127.
    Erscheinungsort Taylor & Francis
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2064981-2
    ISSN 1537-274X
    ISSN 1537-274X
    DOI 10.1080/01621459.2020.1801448
    Datenquelle NAL Katalog (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Artikel: Bayesian Semiparametric Longitudinal Drift-Diffusion Mixed Models for Tone Learning in Adults.

    Paulon, Giorgio / Llanos, Fernando / Chandrasekaran, Bharath / Sarkar, Abhra

    Journal of the American Statistical Association

    2020  Band 116, Heft 535, Seite(n) 1114–1127

    Abstract: Understanding how adult humans learn nonnative speech categories such as tone information has shed novel insights into the mechanisms underlying experience-dependent brain plasticity. Scientists have traditionally examined these questions using ... ...

    Abstract Understanding how adult humans learn nonnative speech categories such as tone information has shed novel insights into the mechanisms underlying experience-dependent brain plasticity. Scientists have traditionally examined these questions using longitudinal learning experiments under a multi-category decision making paradigm. Drift-diffusion processes are popular in such contexts for their ability to mimic underlying neural mechanisms. Motivated by these problems, we develop a novel Bayesian semiparametric inverse Gaussian drift-diffusion mixed model for multi-alternative decision making in longitudinal settings. We design a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm for posterior computation. We evaluate the method's empirical performances through synthetic experiments. Applied to our motivating longitudinal tone learning study, the method provides novel insights into how the biologically interpretable model parameters evolve with learning, differ between input-response tone combinations, and differ between well and poorly performing adults. supplementary materials for this article, including a standardized description of the materials available for reproducing the work, are available as an online supplement.
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2020-09-08
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2064981-2
    ISSN 1537-274X ; 0162-1459 ; 0003-1291
    ISSN (online) 1537-274X
    ISSN 0162-1459 ; 0003-1291
    DOI 10.1080/01621459.2020.1801448
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Artikel ; Online: Comparing perceptual category learning across modalities in the same individuals.

    Roark, Casey L / Paulon, Giorgio / Sarkar, Abhra / Chandrasekaran, Bharath

    Psychonomic bulletin & review

    2021  Band 28, Heft 3, Seite(n) 898–909

    Abstract: Category learning is a fundamental process in human cognition that spans the senses. However, much still remains unknown about the mechanisms supporting learning in different modalities. In the current study, we directly compared auditory and visual ... ...

    Abstract Category learning is a fundamental process in human cognition that spans the senses. However, much still remains unknown about the mechanisms supporting learning in different modalities. In the current study, we directly compared auditory and visual category learning in the same individuals. Thirty participants (22 F; 18-32 years old) completed two unidimensional rule-based category learning tasks in a single day - one with auditory stimuli and another with visual stimuli. We replicated the results in a second experiment with a larger online sample (N = 99, 45 F, 18-35 years old). The categories were identically structured in the two modalities to facilitate comparison. We compared categorization accuracy, decision processes as assessed through drift-diffusion models, and the generalizability of resulting category representation through a generalization test. We found that individuals learned auditory and visual categories to similar extents and that accuracies were highly correlated across the two tasks. Participants had similar evidence accumulation rates in later learning, but early on had slower rates for visual than auditory learning. Participants also demonstrated differences in the decision thresholds across modalities. Participants had more categorical generalizable representations for visual than auditory categories. These results suggest that some modality-general cognitive processes support category learning but also suggest that the modality of the stimuli may also affect category learning behavior and outcomes.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Adolescent ; Adult ; Auditory Perception/physiology ; Concept Formation/physiology ; Female ; Generalization, Psychological/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Visual Perception/physiology ; Young Adult
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2021-02-02
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Comparative Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2031311-1
    ISSN 1531-5320 ; 1069-9384
    ISSN (online) 1531-5320
    ISSN 1069-9384
    DOI 10.3758/s13423-021-01878-0
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Artikel ; Online: Functional Logistic Mixed-Effects Models for Learning Curves From Longitudinal Binary Data.

    Paulon, Giorgio / Reetzke, Rachel / Chandrasekaran, Bharath / Sarkar, Abhra

    Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR

    2019  Band 62, Heft 3, Seite(n) 543–553

    Abstract: Purpose We present functional logistic mixed-effects models (FLMEMs) for estimating population and individual-level learning curves in longitudinal experiments. Method Using functional analysis tools in a Bayesian hierarchical framework, the FLMEM ... ...

    Abstract Purpose We present functional logistic mixed-effects models (FLMEMs) for estimating population and individual-level learning curves in longitudinal experiments. Method Using functional analysis tools in a Bayesian hierarchical framework, the FLMEM captures nonlinear, smoothly varying learning curves, appropriately accommodating uncertainty in various aspects of the analysis while also borrowing information across different model layers. An R package implementing our method is available as part of the Supplemental Materials . Results Application to speech learning data from Reetzke, Xie, Llanos, and Chandrasekaran (2018) and a simulation study demonstrate the utility of FLMEM and its many advantages over linear and logistic mixed-effects models. Conclusion The FLMEM is highly flexible and efficient in improving upon the practical limitations of linear models and logistic linear mixed-effects models. We expect the FLMEM to be a useful addition to the speech, language, and hearing scientist's toolkit. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.7822568.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Bayes Theorem ; Humans ; Learning Curve ; Linear Models ; Logistic Models ; Longitudinal Studies ; Models, Statistical ; Probability ; Speech
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2019-04-04
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1364086-0
    ISSN 1558-9102 ; 1092-4388
    ISSN (online) 1558-9102
    ISSN 1092-4388
    DOI 10.1044/2018_JSLHR-S-ASTM-18-0283
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Artikel ; Online: Joint modeling of recurrent events and survival: a Bayesian non-parametric approach.

    Paulon, Giorgio / De Iorio, Maria / Guglielmi, Alessandra / Ieva, Francesca

    Biostatistics (Oxford, England)

    2018  Band 21, Heft 1, Seite(n) 1–14

    Abstract: Heart failure (HF) is one of the main causes of morbidity, hospitalization, and death in the western world, and the economic burden associated with HF management is relevant and expected to increase in the future. We consider hospitalization data for HF ... ...

    Abstract Heart failure (HF) is one of the main causes of morbidity, hospitalization, and death in the western world, and the economic burden associated with HF management is relevant and expected to increase in the future. We consider hospitalization data for HF in the most populated Italian Region, Lombardia. Data were extracted from the administrative data warehouse of the regional healthcare system. The main clinical outcome of interest is time to death and research focus is on investigating how recurrent hospitalizations affect the time to event. The main contribution of the article is to develop a joint model for gap times between consecutive rehospitalizations and survival time. The probability models for the gap times and for the survival outcome share a common patient specific frailty term. Using a flexible Dirichlet process model for %Bayesian nonparametric prior as the random-effects distribution accounts for patient heterogeneity in recurrent event trajectories. Moreover, the joint model allows for dependent censoring of gap times by death or administrative reasons and for the correlations between different gap times for the same individual. It is straightforward to include covariates in the survival and/or recurrence process through the specification of appropriate regression terms. The main advantages of the proposed methodology are wide applicability, ease of interpretation, and efficient computations. Posterior inference is implemented through Markov chain Monte Carlo methods.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Heart Failure/mortality ; Heart Failure/therapy ; Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Recurrence
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2018-07-07
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2031500-4
    ISSN 1468-4357 ; 1465-4644
    ISSN (online) 1468-4357
    ISSN 1465-4644
    DOI 10.1093/biostatistics/kxy026
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Artikel ; Online: Trial of Early Minimally Invasive Removal of Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

    Pradilla, Gustavo / Ratcliff, Jonathan J / Hall, Alex J / Saville, Benjamin R / Allen, Jason W / Paulon, Giorgio / McGlothlin, Anna / Lewis, Roger J / Fitzgerald, Mark / Caveney, Angela F / Li, Xiao T / Bain, Mark / Gomes, Joao / Jankowitz, Brain / Zenonos, Georgios / Molyneaux, Bradley J / Davies, Jason / Siddiqui, Adnan / Chicoine, Michael R /
    Keyrouz, Salah G / Grossberg, Jonathan A / Shah, Mitesh V / Singh, Ranjeet / Bohnstedt, Bradley N / Frankel, Michael / Wright, David W / Barrow, Daniel L

    The New England journal of medicine

    2024  Band 390, Heft 14, Seite(n) 1277–1289

    Abstract: Background: Trials of surgical evacuation of supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhages have generally shown no functional benefit. Whether early minimally invasive surgical removal would result in better outcomes than medical management is not known.: ... ...

    Abstract Background: Trials of surgical evacuation of supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhages have generally shown no functional benefit. Whether early minimally invasive surgical removal would result in better outcomes than medical management is not known.
    Methods: In this multicenter, randomized trial involving patients with an acute intracerebral hemorrhage, we assessed surgical removal of the hematoma as compared with medical management. Patients who had a lobar or anterior basal ganglia hemorrhage with a hematoma volume of 30 to 80 ml were assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, within 24 hours after the time that they were last known to be well, to minimally invasive surgical removal of the hematoma plus guideline-based medical management (surgery group) or to guideline-based medical management alone (control group). The primary efficacy end point was the mean score on the utility-weighted modified Rankin scale (range, 0 to 1, with higher scores indicating better outcomes, according to patients' assessment) at 180 days, with a prespecified threshold for posterior probability of superiority of 0.975 or higher. The trial included rules for adaptation of enrollment criteria on the basis of hemorrhage location. A primary safety end point was death within 30 days after enrollment.
    Results: A total of 300 patients were enrolled, of whom 30.7% had anterior basal ganglia hemorrhages and 69.3% had lobar hemorrhages. After 175 patients had been enrolled, an adaptation rule was triggered, and only persons with lobar hemorrhages were enrolled. The mean score on the utility-weighted modified Rankin scale at 180 days was 0.458 in the surgery group and 0.374 in the control group (difference, 0.084; 95% Bayesian credible interval, 0.005 to 0.163; posterior probability of superiority of surgery, 0.981). The mean between-group difference was 0.127 (95% Bayesian credible interval, 0.035 to 0.219) among patients with lobar hemorrhages and -0.013 (95% Bayesian credible interval, -0.147 to 0.116) among those with anterior basal ganglia hemorrhages. The percentage of patients who had died by 30 days was 9.3% in the surgery group and 18.0% in the control group. Five patients (3.3%) in the surgery group had postoperative rebleeding and neurologic deterioration.
    Conclusions: Among patients in whom surgery could be performed within 24 hours after an acute intracerebral hemorrhage, minimally invasive hematoma evacuation resulted in better functional outcomes at 180 days than those with guideline-based medical management. The effect of surgery appeared to be attributable to intervention for lobar hemorrhages. (Funded by Nico; ENRICH ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02880878.).
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Humans ; Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage/mortality ; Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage/surgery ; Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage/therapy ; Bayes Theorem ; Cerebral Hemorrhage/mortality ; Cerebral Hemorrhage/surgery ; Cerebral Hemorrhage/therapy ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures/methods ; Treatment Outcome ; Neuroendoscopy
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2024-04-05
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Randomized Controlled Trial
    ZDB-ID 207154-x
    ISSN 1533-4406 ; 0028-4793
    ISSN (online) 1533-4406
    ISSN 0028-4793
    DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa2308440
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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