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  1. Artikel ; Online: Model citizen.

    Peto, Tom / Tripura, Rupam / Seidlein, Lorenz von

    The Lancet. Global health

    2017  Band 5, Heft 10, Seite(n) e973

    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2017-10
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Letter
    ZDB-ID 2723488-5
    ISSN 2214-109X ; 2214-109X
    ISSN (online) 2214-109X
    ISSN 2214-109X
    DOI 10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30337-6
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Artikel ; Online: Optimizing bulk segregant analysis of drug resistance using

    Brenneman, Katelyn Vendrely / Li, Xue / Kumar, Sudhir / Delgado, Elizabeth / Checkley, Lisa A / Shoue, Douglas A / Reyes, Ann / Abatiyow, Biley A / Haile, Meseret T / Tripura, Rupam / Peto, Tom / Lek, Dysoley / Button-Simons, Katrina A / Kappe, Stefan H I / Dhorda, Mehul / Nosten, François / Nkhoma, Standwell C / Cheeseman, Ian H / Vaughan, Ashley M /
    Ferdig, Michael T / Anderson, Tim J C

    iScience

    2022  Band 25, Heft 4, Seite(n) 104095

    Abstract: Classical malaria parasite genetic crosses involve isolation, genotyping, and phenotyping of progeny parasites, which is time consuming and laborious. We tested a rapid alternative approach-bulk segregant analysis (BSA)-that utilizes sequencing of bulk ... ...

    Abstract Classical malaria parasite genetic crosses involve isolation, genotyping, and phenotyping of progeny parasites, which is time consuming and laborious. We tested a rapid alternative approach-bulk segregant analysis (BSA)-that utilizes sequencing of bulk progeny populations with and without drug selection for rapid identification of drug resistance loci. We used dihydroartemisinin (DHA) selection in two genetic crosses and investigated how synchronization, cryopreservation, and the drug selection regimen impacted BSA success. We detected a robust quantitative trait locus (QTL) at
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-03-16
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ISSN 2589-0042
    ISSN (online) 2589-0042
    DOI 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104095
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Artikel: A

    Kane, John / Li, Xue / Kumar, Sudhir / Button-Simons, Katrina A / Brenneman, Katelyn M Vendrely / Dahlhoff, Haley / Sievert, Mackenzie A C / Checkley, Lisa A / Shoue, Douglas A / Singh, Puspendra P / Abatiyow, Biley A / Haile, Meseret T / Nair, Shalini / Reyes, Ann / Tripura, Rupam / Peto, Tom / Lek, Dysoley / Kappe, Stefan H I / Dhorda, Mehul /
    Nkhoma, Standwell C / Cheeseman, Ian H / Vaughan, Ashley M / Anderson, Timothy J C / Ferdig, Michael T

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2023  

    Abstract: Piperaquine (PPQ) is widely used in combination with dihydroartemisinin (DHA) as a first-line treatment against malaria parasites. Multiple genetic drivers of PPQ resistance have been reported, including mutations in ... ...

    Abstract Piperaquine (PPQ) is widely used in combination with dihydroartemisinin (DHA) as a first-line treatment against malaria parasites. Multiple genetic drivers of PPQ resistance have been reported, including mutations in the
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-09-17
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2023.06.06.543862
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Artikel ; Online: Observational study of vaccine efficacy 24 years after the start of hepatitis B vaccination in two Gambian villages: no need for a booster dose.

    Mendy, Maimuna / Peterson, Ingrid / Hossin, Safayet / Peto, Tom / Jobarteh, Momodou L / Jeng-Barry, Adam / Sidibeh, Mamadi / Jatta, Abdoulie / Moore, Sophie E / Hall, Andrew J / Whittle, Hilton

    PloS one

    2013  Band 8, Heft 3, Seite(n) e58029

    Abstract: Objectives: To determine the duration of protection from hepatitis B vaccine given in infancy and early childhood and asses risk factors for HBV infection and chronic infection.: Methods: In 1984 infant HBV vaccination was started in two Gambian ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: To determine the duration of protection from hepatitis B vaccine given in infancy and early childhood and asses risk factors for HBV infection and chronic infection.
    Methods: In 1984 infant HBV vaccination was started in two Gambian villages. Cross sectional serological surveys have been undertaken every 4 years to determine vaccine efficacy. In the current survey 84.6% of 1508 eligible participants aged 1-28 years were tested. A spouse study was conducted in females (aged 14 years and above) and their male partners.
    Results: Vaccine efficacy against chronic infection with hepatitis B virus was 95.1% (95% confidence interval 91.5% to 97.1%), which did not vary significantly between age groups or village. Efficacy against infection was 85.4% (82.7% to 87.7%), falling significantly with age. Concentrations of hepatitis B antibody fell exponentially with age varying according to peak response: 20 years after vaccination only 17.8% (95% CI 10.1-25.6) of persons with a low peak response (10-99 mIU/ml) had detectable HBs antibody compared to 27% (21.9% to 32.2%) of those with a high peak response (>999 mIU/ml). Time since vaccination and a low peak response were the strongest risk factors for HBV infections; males were more susceptible, marriage was not a significant risk for females. Hepatitis B DNA was not detected after infection, which tested soley core antibody positive. An undetectable peak antibody response of <10 mIU/ml and a mother who was hepatitis B e antigen positive were powerful risk factors for chronic infection.
    Conclusions: Adolescents and young adults vaccinated in infancy are at increased risk of hepatitis B infection, but not chronic infection. Married women were not at increased risk. There is no compelling evidence for the use of a booster dose of HBV vaccine in The Gambia.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Gambia ; Hepatitis B/epidemiology ; Hepatitis B/prevention & control ; Hepatitis B Antibodies/blood ; Hepatitis B Vaccines/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Immunization, Secondary ; Infant ; Male ; Young Adult
    Chemische Substanzen Hepatitis B Antibodies ; Hepatitis B Vaccines
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2013-03-22
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0058029
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Artikel ; Online: The use of placebo in a trial of rectal artesunate as initial treatment for severe malaria patients en route to referral clinics: ethical issues.

    Kitua, Andrew / Folb, Peter / Warsame, Marian / Binka, Fred / Faiz, Abul / Ribeiro, Isabela / Peto, Tom / Gyapong, John / Yunus, Emran Bin / Rahman, Ridwan / Baiden, Frank / Clerk, Christine / Mrango, Zakayo / Makasi, Charles / Kimbute, Omari / Hossain, Amir / Samad, Rasheda / Gomes, Melba

    Journal of medical ethics

    2010  Band 36, Heft 2, Seite(n) 116–120

    Abstract: Placebo-controlled trials are controversial when individuals might be denied existing beneficial medical interventions. In the case of malaria, most patients die in rural villages without healthcare facilities. An artesunate suppository that can be given ...

    Abstract Placebo-controlled trials are controversial when individuals might be denied existing beneficial medical interventions. In the case of malaria, most patients die in rural villages without healthcare facilities. An artesunate suppository that can be given by minimally skilled persons might be of value when patients suddenly become too ill for oral treatment but are several hours from a facility that can give injectable treatment for severe disease. In such situations, by default, no treatment is (or can be) given until the patient reaches a facility, making the placebo control design clinically relevant; alternative bioequivalence designs at the facility would misrepresent reality and risk incorrect conclusions. We describe the ethical issues underpinning a placebo-controlled trial in severe malaria. To protect patients and minimise risk, all patients were referred immediately to hospital so that each had a higher chance of prompt treatment through participation. There was no difference between artesunate and placebo in patients who reached clinic rapidly; among those who could not, a single artesunate suppository significantly reduced death or permanent disability, a finding of direct and indirect benefit to patients in participating villages and elsewhere.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Administration, Rectal ; Antimalarials/administration & dosage ; Artemisinins/administration & dosage ; Health Services Accessibility/ethics ; Humans ; Malaria/drug therapy ; Medication Adherence ; Placebos/administration & dosage ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/ethics ; Referral and Consultation ; Rural Health ; Suppositories
    Chemische Substanzen Antimalarials ; Artemisinins ; Placebos ; Suppositories ; artesunate (60W3249T9M)
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2010-02
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 194927-5
    ISSN 1473-4257 ; 0306-6800
    ISSN (online) 1473-4257
    ISSN 0306-6800
    DOI 10.1136/jme.2009.030874
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Artikel ; Online: The epidemiology of subclinical malaria infections in South-East Asia: findings from cross-sectional surveys in Thailand-Myanmar border areas, Cambodia, and Vietnam.

    Imwong, Mallika / Nguyen, Thuy Nhien / Tripura, Rupam / Peto, Tom J / Lee, Sue J / Lwin, Khin Maung / Suangkanarat, Preyanan / Jeeyapant, Atthanee / Vihokhern, Benchawan / Wongsaen, Klanarong / Van Hue, Dao / Dong, Le Thanh / Nguyen, Tam-Uyen / Lubell, Yoel / von Seidlein, Lorenz / Dhorda, Mehul / Promnarate, Cholrawee / Snounou, Georges / Malleret, Benoit /
    Rénia, Laurent / Keereecharoen, Lilly / Singhasivanon, Pratap / Sirithiranont, Pasathorn / Chalk, Jem / Nguon, Chea / Hien, Tran Tinh / Day, Nicholas / White, Nicholas J / Dondorp, Arjen / Nosten, Francois

    Malaria journal

    2015  Band 14, Seite(n) 381

    Abstract: Background: The importance of the submicroscopic reservoir of Plasmodium infections for malaria elimination depends on its size, which is generally considered small in low transmission settings. The precise estimation of this reservoir requires more ... ...

    Abstract Background: The importance of the submicroscopic reservoir of Plasmodium infections for malaria elimination depends on its size, which is generally considered small in low transmission settings. The precise estimation of this reservoir requires more sensitive parasite detection methods. The prevalence of asymptomatic, sub-microscopic malaria was assessed by a sensitive, high blood volume quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method in three countries of the Greater Mekong Sub-region.
    Methods: Cross-sectional surveys were conducted in three villages in western Cambodia, four villages along the Thailand-Myanmar border and four villages in southwest Vietnam. Malaria parasitaemia was assessed by Plasmodium falciparum/pan malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), microscopy and a high volume ultra-sensitive real-time polymerase chain reaction (HVUSqPCR: limit of detection 22 parasites/mL). All villagers older than 6 months were invited to participate.
    Results: A census before the surveys identified 7355 residents in the study villages. Parasite prevalence was 224/5008 (4 %) by RDT, 229/5111 (5 %) by microscopy, and 988/4975 (20 %) when assessed by HVUSqPCR. Of these 164 (3 %) were infected with P. falciparum, 357 (7 %) with Plasmodium vivax, 56 (1 %) with a mixed infection, and 411 (8 %) had parasite densities that were too low for species identification. A history of fever, male sex, and age of 15 years or older were independently associated with parasitaemia in a multivariate regression model stratified by site.
    Conclusion: Light microscopy and RDTs identified only a quarter of all parasitaemic participants. The asymptomatic Plasmodium reservoir is considerable, even in low transmission settings. Novel strategies are needed to eliminate this previously under recognized reservoir of malaria transmission.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Adolescent ; Adult ; Asia, Southeastern/epidemiology ; Asymptomatic Infections/epidemiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Malaria/epidemiology ; Male ; Plasmodium falciparum ; Plasmodium vivax ; Young Adult
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2015-09-30
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2091229-8
    ISSN 1475-2875 ; 1475-2875
    ISSN (online) 1475-2875
    ISSN 1475-2875
    DOI 10.1186/s12936-015-0906-x
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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