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  1. Buch ; Online ; E-Book: Genetic improvement of farmed animals

    Simm, Geoff / Pollott, Geoff / Mrode, Raphael A. / Houston, Ross / Marshall, Karen

    2021  

    Verfasserangabe Geoff Simm, Geoff Pollott, Raphael Mrode, Ross Houston and Karen Marshall
    Sprache Englisch
    Umfang 1 Online-Ressource (693 Seiten)
    Verlag CABI
    Erscheinungsort Wallingford ; Boston, MA
    Erscheinungsland Vereinigtes Königreich
    Dokumenttyp Buch ; Online ; E-Book
    Bemerkung Zugriff für angemeldete ZB MED-Nutzerinnen und -Nutzer
    HBZ-ID HT020661386
    ISBN 9781789241747 ; 9781789241730 ; 9781789241716 ; 9781789241723 ; 178924174X ; 1789241731 ; 1789241715 ; 1789241723
    Datenquelle ZB MED Katalog Medizin, Gesundheit, Ernährung, Umwelt, Agrar

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  2. Artikel: A Comparison of Different Methodologies for the Measurement of Extracellular Vesicles and Milk-derived Particles in Raw Milk from Cows.

    Pollott, Geoff / Brito, Amanda / Gardiner, Christopher / Lawson, Charlotte

    Biomarker insights

    2016  Band 11, Seite(n) 147–155

    Abstract: Cow's milk is economically important to the agricultural industry with the nutritive value of milk being routinely measured. This does not give full insight into normal mammary tissue turnover during the course of lactation, which could be important for ... ...

    Abstract Cow's milk is economically important to the agricultural industry with the nutritive value of milk being routinely measured. This does not give full insight into normal mammary tissue turnover during the course of lactation, which could be important for both an understanding of milk production and animal welfare. We have previously demonstrated that submicron particles, including extracellular vesicles (EVs), can be measured in unprocessed cow's milk by flow cytometry and that they correlate with stage of lactation. A number of different techniques are available to measure EVs and other milk-derived particles. The purpose of this study was to compare two different methodologies and the value of fluorescent staining for the phospholipid phosphatidylserine (PS), which is exposed on the surface of EVs (but not other milk-derived particles). We used two different flow cytometers and nanotracker analysis to detect milk-derived particles in whole and skimmed milk samples. Our findings indicate significant correlation, after staining for PS, suggesting potential for larger multicenter studies in the future.
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2016-12-13
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2256754-9
    ISSN 1177-2719
    ISSN 1177-2719
    DOI 10.4137/BMI.S38438
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Buch ; Online: Genetic improvement of farmed animals

    Simm, Geoff / Pollott, Geoff / Mrode, Raphael A. / Houston, Ross / Marshall, Karen

    2021  

    Abstract: Genetic Improvement of Farmed Animals provides a thorough grounding in the basic sciences underpinning farmed animal breeding. Relating science to practical application, it covers all the major farmed animal species: cattle, sheep, goats, poultry, pigs ... ...

    Abstract Genetic Improvement of Farmed Animals provides a thorough grounding in the basic sciences underpinning farmed animal breeding. Relating science to practical application, it covers all the major farmed animal species: cattle, sheep, goats, poultry, pigs and aquaculture species. The book: - Provides comprehensive coverage - from fundamental genetics, analysis of variation, prediction of breeding values and response to selection, through to application of modern genomics and biotechnology. - Illustrates the practical application of theory in temperate and tropical systems. - Outlines current practice and explores future directions, including sustainability and ethical implications, to leave readers completely up to date. Based on the previous bestseller, Genetic Improvement of Cattle and Sheep, this book has been completely revised, expanded and redesigned to be an essential textbook for undergraduate, masters and other early postgraduate-level students in agriculture, animal and veterinary science, as well as breeders, farmers, industry technical staff, advisors and extension workers.
    Schlagwörter animal breeding ; genetics ; cattle ; livestock ; small ruminants ; poultry ; swine
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2021-02-11T18:36:26Z
    Verlag CAB International
    Erscheinungsland fr
    Dokumenttyp Buch ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  4. Artikel: Associations between lipid metabolism and fertility in the dairy cow.

    Wathes, D Claire / Clempson, Andrew M / Pollott, Geoff E

    Reproduction, fertility, and development

    2012  Band 25, Heft 1, Seite(n) 48–61

    Abstract: Dairy cows mobilise body tissues to support milk production and, because glucose supplies are limited, lipids are used preferentially for energy production. Lipogenic activity is switched off and lipolytic mechanisms in adipose tissue increase through ... ...

    Abstract Dairy cows mobilise body tissues to support milk production and, because glucose supplies are limited, lipids are used preferentially for energy production. Lipogenic activity is switched off and lipolytic mechanisms in adipose tissue increase through changes in the expression of several key enzymes. This results in a loss of body condition, together with high circulating concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids. Changes in the synthesis, secretion and signalling pathways of somatotrophic hormones (insulin, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor 1) and adipokines (e.g. leptin) are central to the regulation of these processes. A high reliance on fatty acids as an energy source in the peripartum period causes oxidative damage to mitochondria in metabolically active tissues, including the liver and reproductive tract. The expression of genes involved in insulin resistance (PDK4, AHSG) is increased, together with expression of TIEG1, a transcription factor that can induce apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. Polymorphisms in TFAM and UCP2, two autosomal mitochondrial genes, have been associated with longevity in dairy cows. Polymorphisms in many other genes that affect lipid metabolism also show some associations with fertility traits. These include DGAT1, SCD1, DECR1, CRH, CBFA2T1, GH, LEP and NPY. Excess lipid accumulation in oocytes and the regenerating endometrium reduces fertility via reductions in embryo survival and increased inflammatory changes, respectively.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Animals ; Cattle ; Dairying ; Endocrine System/metabolism ; Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Fertility ; Infertility, Female/etiology ; Infertility, Female/metabolism ; Infertility, Female/veterinary ; Lactation/metabolism ; Lipid Metabolism ; Liver/metabolism ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Ovary/metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Uterus/metabolism
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2012
    Erscheinungsland Australia
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1019913-5
    ISSN 1448-5990 ; 1031-3613
    ISSN (online) 1448-5990
    ISSN 1031-3613
    DOI 10.1071/RD12272
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Artikel: The application of a mechanistic model to analyze the factors that affect the lactation curve parameters of dairy sheep in Mexico

    Angeles-Hernandez, Juan C / Pollott, Geoff / Albarran-Portillo, Benito / Ramírez-Perez, Aurora H / Lizarazo-Chaparro, Augusto / Castelan Ortega, Octavio A / Gonzalez Ronquillo, Manuel

    Small ruminant research. 2018 July, v. 164

    2018  

    Abstract: Pollott́s mechanistic model has been designed to describe lactation curve parameters based on the known biology of milk production and can be useful for analyzing the factors that affect this process. A total of 553 lactations (9956 weekly test-day ... ...

    Abstract Pollott́s mechanistic model has been designed to describe lactation curve parameters based on the known biology of milk production and can be useful for analyzing the factors that affect this process. A total of 553 lactations (9956 weekly test-day records) of crossbred dairy sheep from four commercial farms located in Mexico, were analyzed to investigate environmental factors that influenced lactation curve parameters, using Pollott’s 5-parameter additive model. This model was fitted to each lactation using an iterative nonlinear procedure. The estimated parameters were maximum milk secretion potential (MSmax), relative rate of increase in cell differentiation (GR), maximum secretion loss (MSLmax), relative rate of decline in cell numbers (DR) and the proportion of parenchyma cells dead at parturition. A general linear model procedure was used to determine the effect of type of lambing, lambing number, flock and lambing season on total lactation milk yield (TMY), lactation length and estimated parameters of the Pollott model. Ewes had an average milk yield of 74.4 L with an average lactation length of 140 days. Flock had a significant (P < 0.05) effect on most of the analyzed traits, which can be explained by the different farmś management practices. The TMY were significantly (P = 0.005) higher for twin-lambing than single-lambing lactations. Sheep in their first lambing had lower TMY than those in their fourth lambing (P = 0.01), possibly explained by the lower values of MSmax (2.85 vs. 5.3 L) and the decrease in DR throughout life (P = 0.03). However, the relative GR was greatest (P = 0.04) during first lambing and then decreased as lambing number increased. Both lambing number and type of lambing also affected milk yield. The parameters of the Pollott model can be useful to explain, with a biological approximation, the dynamics of differentiation, secretion and death of mammary cells in dairy sheep.
    Schlagwörter cell differentiation ; commercial farms ; crossbreds ; dairy sheep ; death ; environmental factors ; epithelial cells ; ewes ; flocks ; lactation ; lactation curve ; lambing ; linear models ; mammary glands ; mechanistic models ; milk secretion ; milk yield ; Mexico
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf 2018-07
    Umfang p. 58-63.
    Erscheinungsort Elsevier B.V.
    Dokumenttyp Artikel
    ZDB-ID 286928-7
    ISSN 0921-4488
    ISSN 0921-4488
    DOI 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.05.003
    Datenquelle NAL Katalog (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Artikel ; Online: Epidemiology of exertional rhabdomyolysis susceptibility in standardbred horses reveals associated risk factors and underlying enhanced performance.

    Isgren, Cajsa M / Upjohn, Melissa M / Fernandez-Fuente, Marta / Massey, Claire / Pollott, Geoff / Verheyen, Kristien L P / Piercy, Richard J

    PloS one

    2010  Band 5, Heft 7, Seite(n) e11594

    Abstract: Background: Exertional rhabdomyolysis syndrome is recognised in many athletic horse breeds and in recent years specific forms of the syndrome have been identified. However, although Standardbred horses are used worldwide for racing, there is a paucity ... ...

    Abstract Background: Exertional rhabdomyolysis syndrome is recognised in many athletic horse breeds and in recent years specific forms of the syndrome have been identified. However, although Standardbred horses are used worldwide for racing, there is a paucity of information about the epidemiological and performance-related aspects of the syndrome in this breed. The objectives of this study therefore were to determine the incidence, risk factors and performance effects of exertional rhabdomyolysis syndrome in Standardbred trotters and to compare the epidemiology and genetics of the syndrome with that in other breeds.
    Methodology/principal findings: A questionnaire-based case-control study (with analysis of online race records) was conducted following identification of horses that were determined susceptible to exertional rhabdomyolysis (based on serum biochemistry) from a total of 683 horses in 22 yards. Thirty six exertional rhabdomyolysis-susceptible horses were subsequently genotyped for the skeletal muscle glycogen synthase (GYS1) mutation responsible for type 1 polysaccharide storage myopathy. A total of 44 susceptible horses was reported, resulting in an annual incidence of 6.4 (95% CI 4.6-8.2%) per 100 horses. Female horses were at significantly greater risk than males (odds ratio 7.1; 95% CI 2.1-23.4; p = 0.001) and nervous horses were at a greater risk than horses with calm or average temperaments (odds ratio 7.9; 95% CI 2.3-27.0; p = 0.001). Rhabdomyolysis-susceptible cases performed better from standstill starts (p = 0.04) than controls and had a higher percentage of wins (p = 0.006). All exertional rhabdomyolysis-susceptible horses tested were negative for the R309H GYS1 mutation.
    Conclusions/significance: Exertional rhabdomyolysis syndrome in Standardbred horses has a similar incidence and risk factors to the syndrome in Thoroughbred horses. If the disorder has a genetic basis in Standardbreds, improved performance in susceptible animals may be responsible for maintenance of the disorder in the population.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Animals ; Case-Control Studies ; Disease Susceptibility ; Female ; Genotype ; Glycogen Synthase/genetics ; Horse Diseases/epidemiology ; Horse Diseases/genetics ; Horses ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal/enzymology ; Mutation ; Rhabdomyolysis/epidemiology ; Rhabdomyolysis/genetics ; Risk Factors
    Chemische Substanzen Glycogen Synthase (EC 2.4.1.11)
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2010-07-14
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ISSN 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0011594
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Artikel ; Online: Investigation of transferability of BovineSNP50 BeadChip from cattle to water buffalo for genome wide association study.

    Wu, Jun Jing / Song, Li Jun / Wu, Fang Jie / Liang, Xian Wei / Yang, Bing Zhuang / Wathes, D Claire / Pollott, Geoff E / Cheng, Zhangrui / Shi, De Shun / Liu, Qing You / Yang, Li Guo / Zhang, Shu Jun

    Molecular biology reports

    2012  Band 40, Heft 2, Seite(n) 743–750

    Abstract: Cattle and water buffalo belong to the same subfamily Bovinae and share chromosome banding and gene order homology. In this study, we used genome-wide Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip to analyze 91 DNA samples from three breeds of water buffalo (Nili-Ravi, ... ...

    Abstract Cattle and water buffalo belong to the same subfamily Bovinae and share chromosome banding and gene order homology. In this study, we used genome-wide Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip to analyze 91 DNA samples from three breeds of water buffalo (Nili-Ravi, Murrah and their crossbred with local GuangXi buffalos in China), to demonstrate the genetic divergence between cattle and water buffalo through a large single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) transferability study at the whole genome level, and performed association analysis of functional traits in water buffalo as well. A total of 40,766 (75.5 %) bovine SNPs were found in the water buffalo genome, but 49,936 (92.5 %) were with only one allele, and finally 935 were identified to be polymorphic and useful for association analysis in water buffalo. Therefore, the genome sequences of water buffalo and cattle shared a high level of homology but the polymorphic status of the bovine SNPs varied between these two species. The different patterns of mutations between species may associate with their phenotypic divergence due to genome evolution. Among 935 bovine SNPs, we identified a total of 9 and 7 SNPs significantly associated to fertility and milk production traits in water buffalo, respectively. However, more works in larger sample size are needed in future to verify these candidate SNPs for water buffalo.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Animals ; Buffaloes/genetics ; Cattle/genetics ; Chromosomes, Mammalian/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Fertility/genetics ; Gene Frequency ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Genotyping Techniques ; Heterozygote ; Lactation/genetics ; Milk/metabolism ; Models, Genetic ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Principal Component Analysis ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2012-12-12
    Erscheinungsland Netherlands
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 186544-4
    ISSN 1573-4978 ; 0301-4851
    ISSN (online) 1573-4978
    ISSN 0301-4851
    DOI 10.1007/s11033-012-1932-1
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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