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  1. Artikel: Comparative specialization of intrinsic cardiac neurons in humans, mice, and pigs.

    Tompkins, John D / Hoover, Donald B / Havton, Leif A / Patel, Janaki C / Cho, Youngjin / Smith, Elizabeth H / Biscola, Natalia P / Ajijola, Olujimi A / Shivkumar, Kalyanam / Ardell, Jeffrey L

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2024  

    Abstract: Intrinsic cardiac neurons (ICNs) play a crucial role in the proper functioning of the heart; yet a paucity of data pertaining to human ICNs exists. We took a multidisciplinary approach to complete a detailed cellular comparison of the structure and ... ...

    Abstract Intrinsic cardiac neurons (ICNs) play a crucial role in the proper functioning of the heart; yet a paucity of data pertaining to human ICNs exists. We took a multidisciplinary approach to complete a detailed cellular comparison of the structure and function of ICNs from mice, pigs, and humans. Immunohistochemistry of whole and sectioned ganglia, transmission electron microscopy, intracellular microelectrode recording and dye filling for quantitative morphometry were used to define the neurophysiology, histochemistry, and ultrastructure of these cells across species. The densely packed, smaller ICNs of mouse lacked dendrites, formed axosomatic connections, and had high synaptic efficacy constituting an obligatory synapse. At Pig ICNs, a convergence of subthreshold cholinergic inputs onto extensive dendritic arbors supported greater summation and integration of synaptic input. Human ICNs were tonically firing, with synaptic stimulation evoking large suprathreshold excitatory postsynaptic potentials like mouse, and subthreshold potentials like pig. Ultrastructural examination of synaptic terminals revealed conserved architecture, yet small clear vesicles (SCVs) were larger in pigs and humans. The presence and localization of ganglionic neuropeptides was distinct, with abundant VIP observed in human but not pig or mouse ganglia, and little SP or CGRP in pig ganglia. Action potential waveforms were similar, but human ICNs had larger after-hyperpolarizations. Intrinsic excitability differed; 93% of human cells were tonic, all pig neurons were phasic, and both phasic and tonic phenotypes were observed in mouse. In combination, this publicly accessible, multimodal atlas of ICNs from mice, pigs, and humans identifies similarities and differences in the evolution of ICNs.
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2024-04-08
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2024.04.04.588174
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Artikel ; Online: Immunohistochemical analysis of the mouse celiac ganglion: An integrative relay station of the peripheral nervous system.

    Kaestner, Charlotte L / Smith, Elizabeth H / Peirce, Stanley G / Hoover, Donald B

    The Journal of comparative neurology

    2019  Band 527, Heft 16, Seite(n) 2742–2760

    Abstract: Celiac ganglia are important sites of signal integration and transduction. Their complex neurochemical anatomy has been studied extensively in guinea pigs but not in mice. The goal of this study was to provide detailed neurochemical characterization of ... ...

    Abstract Celiac ganglia are important sites of signal integration and transduction. Their complex neurochemical anatomy has been studied extensively in guinea pigs but not in mice. The goal of this study was to provide detailed neurochemical characterization of mouse celiac ganglia and noradrenergic nerves in two target tissues, spleen and stomach. A vast majority of mouse celiac neurons express a noradrenergic phenotype, which includes tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), vesicular monoamine transporter 2, and the norepinephrine transporter. Over 80% of these neuron also express neuropeptide Y (NPY), and this coexpression is maintained by dissociated neurons in culture. Likewise, TH and NPY were colocalized in noradrenergic nerves throughout the spleen and in stomach blood vessels. Somatostatin was not detected in principal neurons but did occur in small, TH-negative cells presumed to be interneurons and in a few varicose nerve fibers. Cholinergic nerves provided the most abundant input to the ganglia, and small percentages of these also contained nitric oxide synthase or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. A low-to-moderate density of nerves also stained separately for the latter markers. Additionally, nerve bundles and varicose nerve fibers containing the sensory neuropeptides, calcitonin gene-related polypeptide, and substance P, occurred at variable density throughout the ganglia. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that principal neurons of mouse celiac ganglia have less neurochemical diversity than reported for guinea pig and other species but receive input from nerves expressing an array of neurochemical markers. This profile suggests celiac neurons integrate input from many sources to influence target tissues by releasing primarily norepinephrine and NPY.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Animals ; Blood Vessels/cytology ; Blood Vessels/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Ganglia, Sympathetic/cytology ; Ganglia, Sympathetic/metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neurons/cytology ; Neurons/metabolism ; Peripheral Nerves/cytology ; Peripheral Nerves/metabolism ; Spleen/cytology ; Spleen/metabolism
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2019-05-09
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 3086-7
    ISSN 1096-9861 ; 0021-9967 ; 0092-7317
    ISSN (online) 1096-9861
    ISSN 0021-9967 ; 0092-7317
    DOI 10.1002/cne.24705
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Artikel ; Online: Heterogeneous cardiac sympathetic innervation gradients promote arrhythmogenesis in murine dilated cardiomyopathy.

    Dajani, Al-Hassan J / Liu, Michael B / Olaopa, Michael A / Cao, Lucian / Valenzuela-Ripoll, Carla / Davis, Timothy J / Poston, Megan D / Smith, Elizabeth H / Contreras, Jaime / Pennino, Marissa / Waldmann, Christopher M / Hoover, Donald B / Lee, Jason T / Jay, Patrick Y / Javaheri, Ali / Slavik, Roger / Qu, Zhilin / Ajijola, Olujimi A

    JCI insight

    2023  Band 8, Heft 22

    Abstract: Ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) in heart failure are enhanced by sympathoexcitation. However, radiotracer studies of catecholamine uptake in failing human hearts demonstrate a proclivity for VAs in patients with reduced cardiac sympathetic innervation. We ... ...

    Abstract Ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) in heart failure are enhanced by sympathoexcitation. However, radiotracer studies of catecholamine uptake in failing human hearts demonstrate a proclivity for VAs in patients with reduced cardiac sympathetic innervation. We hypothesized that this counterintuitive finding is explained by heterogeneous loss of sympathetic nerves in the failing heart. In a murine model of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), delayed PET imaging of sympathetic nerve density using the catecholamine analog [11C]meta-Hydroxyephedrine demonstrated global hypoinnervation in ventricular myocardium. Although reduced, sympathetic innervation in 2 distinct DCM models invariably exhibited transmural (epicardial to endocardial) gradients, with the endocardium being devoid of sympathetic nerve fibers versus controls. Further, the severity of transmural innervation gradients was correlated with VAs. Transmural innervation gradients were also identified in human left ventricular free wall samples from DCM versus controls. We investigated mechanisms underlying this relationship by in silico studies in 1D, 2D, and 3D models of failing and normal human hearts, finding that arrhythmogenesis increased as heterogeneity in sympathetic innervation worsened. Specifically, both DCM-induced myocyte electrical remodeling and spatially inhomogeneous innervation gradients synergistically worsened arrhythmogenesis. Thus, heterogeneous innervation gradients in DCM promoted arrhythmogenesis. Restoration of homogeneous sympathetic innervation in the failing heart may reduce VAs.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Humans ; Mice ; Animals ; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/diagnostic imaging ; Heart ; Myocardium ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac/diagnostic imaging ; Catecholamines
    Chemische Substanzen Catecholamines
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-11-22
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ISSN 2379-3708
    ISSN (online) 2379-3708
    DOI 10.1172/jci.insight.157956
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Artikel: Dynamics of a Community of Dominant Woody Riparian Species Along a Coastal River of Texas

    Davis, Nicole A / Smith Elizabeth H

    Southwestern naturalist. 2013 Sept., v. 58, no. 3

    2013  

    Abstract: Little is known about the structure of riparian communities within the central Gulf coast of Texas. We present a phytosociological description of the riparian corridor within two contiguous sites along the Mission River in Refugio County, Texas, that ... ...

    Abstract Little is known about the structure of riparian communities within the central Gulf coast of Texas. We present a phytosociological description of the riparian corridor within two contiguous sites along the Mission River in Refugio County, Texas, that differ in respect to tidal influence along the river, and compare this woody riparian community to others in Texas. In summer 2009 and 2010, we established 33 transects perpendicular to the river after reviewing digital data from ArcMap 9.3.1 on elevation, edaphic characteristics, uses of land, and cover of land and wetland. We included sites above and below the tidal zone to ensure that the diversity of the community was documented. Transects traversed the edge of the river, ridge and swale topography, and up to the transitional zone between the riparian zone and upland habitat. We sampled a total of 137 plots and documented all species of trees, shrubs, and vines with diameter at breast height ≥3 cm. The important species were Ulmus crassifolia, Celtis laevigata, Ehretia anacua, Vitis mustangensis, Acer negundo, Carya illinoinensis, Fraxinus berlandieriana, and Quercus virginiana. Riparian vegetation was restricted to particular zones within the Mission River floodplain. Elevation and river flow were identified as the environmental determinants that influenced the distributional pattern of colonizing species and species of middle or late stages of succession within riparian zones. Species with the greatest importance values in this study were compared to those in other studies of the riparian vegetation in Texas using Bray-Curtis similarity indices. In general, riparian vegetation from the sites grouped within ecoregions. The riparian vegetation in the Mission River was most similar to the nearby Aransas River, and both are in the Gulf Coast Prairies and Marshes ecoregion.
    Schlagwörter Acer negundo ; Carya illinoinensis ; Celtis laevigata ; Fraxinus ; Quercus virginiana ; Ulmus ; Vitis mustangensis ; coasts ; digital database ; ecoregions ; floodplains ; habitats ; highlands ; land cover ; land use ; marshes ; phytosociology ; prairies ; riparian areas ; rivers ; shrubs ; summer ; topography ; tree and stand measurements ; trees ; vines ; Texas
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf 2013-09
    Umfang p. 286-298.
    Erscheinungsort The Southwestern Association of Naturalists Southern Illinois University Edwardsville
    Dokumenttyp Artikel
    ZDB-ID 2175917-0
    ISSN 0038-4909
    ISSN 0038-4909
    DOI 10.1894%2F0038-4909-58.3.286
    Datenquelle NAL Katalog (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Buch: CompTIA A+ certification kit

    Smith, Elizabeth H / Graham, Robin

    (Exam cram)

    2008  

    Titelvarianten CompTIA A+ exam cram ; CompTIA A-plus
    Serientitel Exam cram
    Schlagwörter Computer technicians/Certification ; Electronic data processing personnel/Certification ; Microcomputers/Maintenance and repair/Examinations
    Sprache Englisch
    Umfang V, 44 S., Ill., graph. Darst
    Ausgabenhinweis 1. printing
    Verlag Que Pub
    Erscheinungsort Indianapolis, Ind
    Dokumenttyp Buch
    Begleitmaterial 1 CD-ROM (12 cm)
    ISBN 078973849X ; 9780789738493
    Datenquelle Katalog der Technische Informationsbibliothek Hannover

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  6. Artikel ; Online: A single cell transcriptomics map of paracrine networks in the intrinsic cardiac nervous system.

    Moss, Alison / Robbins, Shaina / Achanta, Sirisha / Kuttippurathu, Lakshmi / Turick, Scott / Nieves, Sean / Hanna, Peter / Smith, Elizabeth H / Hoover, Donald B / Chen, Jin / Cheng, Zixi Jack / Ardell, Jeffrey L / Shivkumar, Kalyanam / Schwaber, James S / Vadigepalli, Rajanikanth

    iScience

    2021  Band 24, Heft 7, Seite(n) 102713

    Abstract: We developed a spatially-tracked single neuron transcriptomics map of an intrinsic cardiac ganglion, the right atrial ganglionic plexus (RAGP) that is a critical mediator of sinoatrial node (SAN) activity. This 3D representation of RAGP used neuronal ... ...

    Abstract We developed a spatially-tracked single neuron transcriptomics map of an intrinsic cardiac ganglion, the right atrial ganglionic plexus (RAGP) that is a critical mediator of sinoatrial node (SAN) activity. This 3D representation of RAGP used neuronal tracing to extensively map the spatial distribution of the subset of neurons that project to the SAN. RNA-seq of laser capture microdissected neurons revealed a distinct composition of RAGP neurons compared to the central nervous system and a surprising finding that cholinergic and catecholaminergic markers are coexpressed, suggesting multipotential phenotypes that can drive neuroplasticity within RAGP. High-throughput qPCR of hundreds of laser capture microdissected single neurons confirmed these findings and revealed a high dimensionality of neuromodulatory factors that contribute to dynamic control of the heart. Neuropeptide-receptor coexpression analysis revealed a combinatorial paracrine neuromodulatory network within RAGP informing follow-on studies on the vagal control of RAGP to regulate cardiac function in health and disease.
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2021-07-19
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ISSN 2589-0042
    ISSN (online) 2589-0042
    DOI 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102713
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Artikel ; Online: Electrophysiology and Arrhythmogenesis in the Human Right Ventricular Outflow Tract.

    Aras, Kedar / Gams, Anna / Faye, Ndeye Rokhaya / Brennan, Jaclyn / Goldrick, Katherine / Li, Jinghua / Zhong, Yishan / Chiang, Chia-Han / Smith, Elizabeth H / Poston, Megan D / Chivers, Jacqueline / Hanna, Peter / Mori, Shumpei / Ajijola, Olujimi A / Shivkumar, Kalyanam / Hoover, Donald B / Viventi, Jonathan / Rogers, John A / Bernus, Olivier /
    Efimov, Igor R

    Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology

    2022  Band 15, Heft 3, Seite(n) e010630

    Abstract: Background: Right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) is a common source of ventricular tachycardia, which often requires ablation. However, the mechanisms underlying the RVOT's unique arrhythmia susceptibility remain poorly understood due to lack of ... ...

    Abstract Background: Right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) is a common source of ventricular tachycardia, which often requires ablation. However, the mechanisms underlying the RVOT's unique arrhythmia susceptibility remain poorly understood due to lack of detailed electrophysiological and molecular studies of the human RVOT.
    Methods: We conducted optical mapping studies in 16 nondiseased donor human RVOT preparations subjected to pharmacologically induced adrenergic and cholinergic stimulation to evaluate susceptibility to arrhythmias and characterize arrhythmia dynamics.
    Results: We found that under control conditions, RVOT has shorter action potential duration at 80% repolarization relative to the right ventricular apical region. Treatment with isoproterenol (100 nM) shortened action potential duration at 80% repolarization and increased incidence of premature ventricular contractions (
    Conclusions: Human RVOT electrophysiology is characterized by shorter action potential duration relative to the right ventricular apical region. Cholinergic right ventricular stimulation attenuates the arrhythmogenic effects of adrenergic stimulation, including increase in frequency of premature ventricular contractions and shortening of wavelength. Right ventricular arrhythmia is characterized by positive spatial-temporal autocorrelation between epicardial-endocardial arrhythmic wave fronts and rotors that are relatively more organized in the endocardium.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Acetylcholine/pharmacology ; Adrenergic Agents ; Cardiac Electrophysiology ; Cholinergic Agents ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Heart Ventricles ; Human Rights ; Humans ; Isoproterenol/pharmacology ; Male ; Pericardium ; Tachycardia, Ventricular/etiology ; Ventricular Premature Complexes
    Chemische Substanzen Adrenergic Agents ; Cholinergic Agents ; Isoproterenol (L628TT009W) ; Acetylcholine (N9YNS0M02X)
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-03-03
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2426129-4
    ISSN 1941-3084 ; 1941-3149
    ISSN (online) 1941-3084
    ISSN 1941-3149
    DOI 10.1161/CIRCEP.121.010630
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Artikel ; Online: Innervation and Neuronal Control of the Mammalian Sinoatrial Node a Comprehensive Atlas.

    Hanna, Peter / Dacey, Michael J / Brennan, Jaclyn / Moss, Alison / Robbins, Shaina / Achanta, Sirisha / Biscola, Natalia P / Swid, Mohammed A / Rajendran, Pradeep S / Mori, Shumpei / Hadaya, Joseph E / Smith, Elizabeth H / Peirce, Stanley G / Chen, Jin / Havton, Leif A / Cheng, Zixi Jack / Vadigepalli, Rajanikanth / Schwaber, James / Lux, Robert L /
    Efimov, Igor / Tompkins, John D / Hoover, Donald B / Ardell, Jeffrey L / Shivkumar, Kalyanam

    Circulation research

    2021  Band 128, Heft 9, Seite(n) 1279–1296

    Abstract: Figure: see text]. ...

    Abstract [Figure: see text].
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Adrenergic Neurons/physiology ; Animals ; Atrioventricular Node/innervation ; Atrioventricular Node/physiology ; Autonomic Nervous System/anatomy & histology ; Autonomic Nervous System/physiology ; Biomarkers/analysis ; Cholinergic Neurons/physiology ; Coronary Vessels/anatomy & histology ; Female ; Ganglia, Autonomic/anatomy & histology ; Heart Atria/innervation ; Humans ; Male ; Medical Illustration ; Myocardial Contraction/physiology ; Phenotype ; Sinoatrial Node/innervation ; Sinoatrial Node/physiology ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature ; Synapses/physiology ; Ventricular Function, Left/physiology ; Vesicular Acetylcholine Transport Proteins/analysis
    Chemische Substanzen Biomarkers ; Slc18a3 protein, mouse ; Vesicular Acetylcholine Transport Proteins
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2021-02-25
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 80100-8
    ISSN 1524-4571 ; 0009-7330 ; 0931-6876
    ISSN (online) 1524-4571
    ISSN 0009-7330 ; 0931-6876
    DOI 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.120.318458
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Buch: Applied social and political philosophy

    Blocker, H. Gene / Smith, Elizabeth H

    1994  

    Verfasserangabe Elizabeth Smith ; H. Gene Blocker
    Sprache Englisch
    Umfang XVI, 552 S, 24 cm
    Verlag Prentice Hall
    Erscheinungsort Englewood Cliffs, NJ
    Dokumenttyp Buch
    Anmerkung Includes bibliographical references and index
    ISBN 0138164487 ; 9780138164485
    Datenquelle Ehemaliges Sondersammelgebiet Küsten- und Hochseefischerei

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  10. Artikel: Current and future strategies for prevention of neonatal early-onset group B streptococcus disease

    Milner, Philip J. / Smith, Elizabeth H. / Spicer, Lisa / Gray, James W.

    Journal of Pediatric Infectious Diseases

    2006  Band 01, Heft 03, Seite(n) 127–136

    Abstract: Group B streptococci (GBS) have been recognized as a leading cause of serious early-onset neonatal sepsis for 30 years. Introduction of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) has led to a decrease in neonatal early-onset GBS (EOGBS) disease and in ... ...

    Abstract Group B streptococci (GBS) have been recognized as a leading cause of serious early-onset neonatal sepsis for 30 years. Introduction of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) has led to a decrease in neonatal early-onset GBS (EOGBS) disease and in early neonatal sepsis-related mortality in many countries. At present decisions concerning the administration of IAP are usually based on either the presence of risk factors at the time of labor, or on screening of women at 35–37 weeks gestation. A new generation of rapid test for GBS suitable for point of care use offer the prospect of accurately detecting GBS during labor, which might improve targeting of IAP. Looking further ahead, active immunization of women before or during pregnancy may become the mainstay of prevention of neonatal EOGBS disease. In this article the role of GBS as a neonatal pathogen, and current and possible future strategies for prevention of neonatal EOGBS disease, are reviewed.
    Schlagwörter Group B streptococcus ; neonatal infection ; prevention ; diagnosis
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2006-09-01
    Verlag Georg Thieme Verlag KG
    Erscheinungsort Stuttgart ; New York
    Dokumenttyp Artikel
    ZDB-ID 2236947-8
    ISSN 1305-7693 ; 1305-7707 ; 1871-0336
    ISSN (online) 1305-7693
    ISSN 1305-7707 ; 1871-0336
    DOI 10.1055/s-0035-1557080
    Datenquelle Thieme Verlag

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