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  1. Artikel: It Can't Be a Coincidence: A Comparison of Cases of Autoimmune Hepatitis After Vaccination Against COVID-19.

    Gips, Julia R / Woreta, Tinsay A

    ACG case reports journal

    2023  Band 10, Heft 1, Seite(n) e00965

    Abstract: While rare, there is now a documented cohort of patients presenting with autoimmune hepatitis secondary to vaccination against COVID-19. With this case report, we aim to compare the published cases in order to discern any unifying characteristics among ... ...

    Abstract While rare, there is now a documented cohort of patients presenting with autoimmune hepatitis secondary to vaccination against COVID-19. With this case report, we aim to compare the published cases in order to discern any unifying characteristics among those affected, and share the story of a seventy-two-year old patient presenting with autoimmune hepatitis less than two weeks after receiving his first dose of the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine.
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-02-01
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2814825-3
    ISSN 2326-3253
    ISSN 2326-3253
    DOI 10.14309/crj.0000000000000965
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  2. Artikel ; Online: Fatty Liver Disease in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis B Virus Coinfection: A Cause for Concern.

    Woreta, Tinsay A / Chalasani, Naga

    Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

    2020  Band 73, Heft 9, Seite(n) e3286–e3287

    Mesh-Begriff(e) Coinfection ; HIV ; HIV Infections/complications ; Hepatitis B/complications ; Hepatitis B virus ; Humans
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2020-08-28
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Editorial ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 1099781-7
    ISSN 1537-6591 ; 1058-4838
    ISSN (online) 1537-6591
    ISSN 1058-4838
    DOI 10.1093/cid/ciaa1300
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  3. Artikel ; Online: Risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes among people with HIV and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

    Krishnan, Arunkumar / Sims, Omar T / Surapaneni, Phani Keerthi / Woreta, Tinsay A / Alqahtani, Saleh A

    AIDS (London, England)

    2023  Band 37, Heft 8, Seite(n) 1209–1216

    Abstract: Objective: To examine and compare the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) between people with HIV (PWH) with and without nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).: Design: Population-based, multicenter, retrospective cohort study.: ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To examine and compare the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) between people with HIV (PWH) with and without nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
    Design: Population-based, multicenter, retrospective cohort study.
    Methods: Data on PWH between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2020 were extracted from the TriNetX database. Primary outcomes were defined as the first incidence of myocardial infarction (MI), MACE, new-onset heart failure (HF), and a composite of cerebrovascular disease. Cox models were used to obtain hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
    Results: A total of 151 868 patients were identified as having HIV. After exclusions, 4969 patients were identified as having NAFLD. Of them, 4463 (90%) were propensity matched to a non-NAFLD control. Patients with NAFLD were older (42.9 versus 40.8 years). Among the NAFLD cohort, most participants were male and had a smoking history (12.3 versus 9.8%) than non-NAFLD. The mean follow-up was 4.8 ± 1.1 years for the NAFLD group and 5.3 ± 1.2 years for the non-NAFLD group. The risk of all outcomes was statistically significantly higher in NAFLD patients compared to those without NAFLD: MI (HR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.11-2.01) MACE (HR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.25-1.79), HF (HR, 1.73; 95% CI 1.37-2.19) and, cerebrovascular diseases (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.05-1.48) and sensitivity analysis showed similar magnitude to the one generated in the primary analysis.
    Conclusions: Patients with NAFLD have an elevated risk of adverse cardiovascular events (CVEs). The results indicate the need for targeted efforts to improve awareness of risks factors associated with adverse CVEs risk in PWH with NAFLD.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Humans ; Male ; Female ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/complications ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; HIV Infections/complications ; Risk Factors ; Myocardial Infarction ; Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-03-03
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Multicenter Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639076-6
    ISSN 1473-5571 ; 0269-9370 ; 1350-2840
    ISSN (online) 1473-5571
    ISSN 0269-9370 ; 1350-2840
    DOI 10.1097/QAD.0000000000003537
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  4. Artikel ; Online: The Impact of Dietary Patterns and Nutrition in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

    Kim, Ahyoung / Krishnan, Arunkumar / Hamilton, James P / Woreta, Tinsay A

    Gastroenterology clinics of North America

    2021  Band 50, Heft 1, Seite(n) 217–241

    Abstract: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. The prevalence of NAFLD has grown proportionally with the rise in obesity, sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy dietary patterns, and ... ...

    Abstract Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. The prevalence of NAFLD has grown proportionally with the rise in obesity, sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy dietary patterns, and metabolic syndrome. Currently, in the absence of approved pharmacologic treatment, the keystone of treatment is lifestyle modification focused on achieving a weight loss of 7%-10%, cardiovascular exercise, and improving insulin sensitivity. The primary aim of this review is to outline the effect of different dietetic approaches against NAFLD and highlight the important micronutrient components in the management of NAFLD.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Diet ; Humans ; Life Style ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; Nutritional Status ; Weight Loss
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2021-01-07
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 92114-2
    ISSN 1558-1942 ; 0889-8553
    ISSN (online) 1558-1942
    ISSN 0889-8553
    DOI 10.1016/j.gtc.2020.10.013
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  5. Artikel: Clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with autoimmune hepatitis: A population-based matched cohort study.

    Krishnan, Arunkumar / Patel, Ruhee A / Hadi, Yousaf Bashir / Mukherjee, Diptasree / Shabih, Sarah / Thakkar, Shyam / Singh, Shailendra / Woreta, Tinsay A / Alqahtani, Saleh A

    World journal of hepatology

    2023  Band 15, Heft 1, Seite(n) 68–78

    Abstract: Background: Patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) require life-long immunosuppressive agents that may increase the risk of poor coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes. There is a paucity of large data at the population level to assess whether ... ...

    Abstract Background: Patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) require life-long immunosuppressive agents that may increase the risk of poor coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes. There is a paucity of large data at the population level to assess whether patients with AIH have an increased risk of severe diseases.
    Aim: To evaluate the impact of pre-existing AIH on the clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19.
    Methods: We conducted a population-based, multicenter, propensity score-matched cohort study with consecutive adult patients (≥ 18 years) diagnosed with COVID-19 using the TriNeTx research network platform. The outcomes of patients with AIH (main group) were compared to a propensity score-matched cohort of patients: (1) Without chronic liver disease (CLD); and (2) Patients with CLD except AIH (non-AIH CLD) control groups. Each patient in the main group was matched to a patient in the control group using 1:1 propensity score matching to reduce confounding effects. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and secondary outcomes were hospitalization rate, need for critical care, severe disease, mechanical ventilation, and acute kidney injury (AKI). For each outcome, the risk ratio (RR) and confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to compare the association of AIH with the outcome.
    Results: We identified 375 patients with AIH, 1647915 patients with non-CLD, and 15790 patients with non-AIH CLD with COVID-19 infection. Compared to non-CLD patients, the AIH cohort had an increased risk of all-cause mortality (RR = 2.22; 95%CI: 1.07-4.61), hospitalization rate (RR = 1.78; 95%CI: 1.17-2.69), and severe disease (RR = 1.98; 95%CI: 1.19-3.26). The AIH cohort had a lower risk of hospitalization rate (RR = 0.72; 95%CI: 0.56-0.92), critical care (RR = 0.50; 95%CI: 0.32-0.79), and AKI (RR = 0.56; 95%CI: 0.35-0.88) compared to the non-AIH CLD patients.
    Conclusion: Patients with AIH are associated with increased hospitalization risk, severe disease, and all-cause mortality compared to patients without pre-existing CLD from the diagnosis of COVID-19. However, patients with AIH were not at risk for worse outcomes with COVID-19 than other causes of CLD.
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-01-19
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2573703-X
    ISSN 1948-5182
    ISSN 1948-5182
    DOI 10.4254/wjh.v15.i1.68
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  6. Artikel ; Online: Impact of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease on clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 among persons living with HIV: A multicenter research network study.

    Krishnan, Arunkumar / Woreta, Tinsay A / Sims, Omar T / Hamilton, James P / Potter, James J / Alqahtani, Saleh A

    Journal of infection and public health

    2023  Band 16, Heft 5, Seite(n) 673–679

    Abstract: Background: People living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) are at an increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) but how these patients react to COVID-19 infection is unclear. We examined the clinical characteristics and outcomes ... ...

    Abstract Background: People living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) are at an increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) but how these patients react to COVID-19 infection is unclear. We examined the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with and without nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) diagnosed with COVID-19.
    Methods: A multicenter, retrospective cohort study was conducted using TriNetX. Participants diagnosed with COVID-19 between January 20, 2020, and October 31, 2021, in PLWH were identified and divided into cohorts based on preexisting NAFLD. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and secondary outcomes were hospitalization, severe disease, critical care, need for mechanical ventilation, and acute kidney injury(AKI). Propensity score matching (PSM) mitigated the imbalance among group covariates. Risk ratios (RR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.
    Results: Of the 5012 PLWH identified with confirmed COVID-19 during the study period, 563 had a diagnosis of NAFLD. After PSM, both groups were well-matched with 561 patients. The primary outcome did not differ between the cohorts at 30-days, even after a fully adjusted analysis, and the risk of all-cause mortality did not differ at 60 and 90 days. NAFLD had a significantly higher risk for hospitalization rates (RR 1.32; 95 % CI, 1.06-1.63) and AKI (RR 2.55; 95 % CI 1.42-4.57) than the non-NAFLD group at 30 days. No other differences were detected in other secondary outcome measures.
    Conclusions: Preexisting NAFLD is associated with an increased risk for hospitalization and AKI among PLWH infected with COVID-19. The potential role of NAFLD in developing severe COVID-19 among PLWH remains to be elucidated in future studies. Still, this study indicates the need for careful monitoring of this at-risk population.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Humans ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/complications ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/epidemiology ; COVID-19/complications ; COVID-19/therapy ; HIV ; Retrospective Studies ; HIV Infections/complications ; HIV Infections/epidemiology
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-02-13
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Multicenter Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2467587-8
    ISSN 1876-035X ; 1876-0341
    ISSN (online) 1876-035X
    ISSN 1876-0341
    DOI 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.02.008
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  7. Artikel ; Online: Trends in the Prevalence of Hepatitis C Infection During Pregnancy and Maternal-Infant Outcomes in the US, 1998 to 2018.

    Chen, Po-Hung / Johnson, Lauren / Limketkai, Berkeley N / Jusuf, Emily / Sun, Jing / Kim, Brian / Price, Jennifer C / Woreta, Tinsay A

    JAMA network open

    2023  Band 6, Heft 7, Seite(n) e2324770

    Abstract: Importance: Injection drug use is the primary risk factor for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in adults. More than one-third of newly reported HCV cases occur in women, particularly among persons aged 20 to 39 years. However, nationally representative ...

    Abstract Importance: Injection drug use is the primary risk factor for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in adults. More than one-third of newly reported HCV cases occur in women, particularly among persons aged 20 to 39 years. However, nationally representative data on HCV during pregnancy are limited.
    Objective: To estimate the temporal trend of HCV-positive pregnancies during the opioid epidemic and identify HCV-associated maternal and perinatal outcomes.
    Design, setting, and participants: A cross-sectional study was performed with data from the US, from calendar year 1998 through 2018. Data analysis was conducted from November 14, 2021, to May 14, 2023. Participants included women during in-hospital childbirth or spontaneous abortion in the National Inpatient Sample of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project.
    Exposure: Maternal HCV infection.
    Main outcomes and measures: The main outcome was the temporal trend, measured as change in the annual prevalence, in the prevalence of HCV positivity among pregnant women since the start of the opioid epidemic in the late 1990s. Secondary outcomes were the associations shown as relative odds between maternal HCV infection and maternal and perinatal adverse events.
    Results: During the study period, more than 70 million hospital admissions resulted in childbirth or spontaneous abortion. Among them, 137 259 (0.20%; 95% CI, 0.19%-0.21%) involved mothers with HCV; these individuals were more often White (77.4%; 95% CI, 76.1%-78.6%), low-income (40.0%; 95% CI, 38.6%-41.5%), and likely to have histories of tobacco (41.7%; 95% CI, 40.6%-42.9%), alcohol (1.8%; 95% CI, 1.6%-2.0%), and opioid (28.9%; 95% CI, 27.3%-30.6%) use compared with HCV-negative mothers. The median age of women with HCV was 28.0 (IQR, 24.3-32.2) years, and the median age of HCV-negative women was 27.2 (IQR, 22.7-31.8) years. The prevalence of HCV-positive pregnancies increased 16-fold during the study period, reaching 5.3 (95% CI, 4.9-5.7) cases per 1000 pregnancies in 2018. Age-specific prevalence increases ranged from 3-fold (age, 41-50 years) to 31-fold (age, 21-30 years). Higher odds of cesarean delivery, preterm labor, poor fetal growth, or fetal distress were associated with HCV-positivity during pregnancy. However, no significant differences were observed in gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, eclampsia, or stillbirths.
    Conclusions and relevance: In this cross-sectional study, the prevalence of HCV-positive pregnancies increased markedly, and maternal HCV infection was associated with increased risks for adverse perinatal outcomes. These data may support recent recommendations for universal HCV screening with each pregnancy.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Adult ; Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Female ; Infant ; Humans ; Young Adult ; Middle Aged ; Pregnancy Outcome/epidemiology ; Abortion, Spontaneous/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Hepatitis C/epidemiology ; Hepacivirus
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-07-03
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2574-3805
    ISSN (online) 2574-3805
    DOI 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.24770
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  8. Artikel: A Mimic of Hepatic Encephalopathy: Two Cases of Cryptococcal Meningitis in North America.

    Ting, Peng-Sheng / Agarwalla, Anant / Woreta, Tinsay A

    Journal of clinical and translational hepatology

    2019  Band 7, Heft 2, Seite(n) 191–193

    Abstract: In the non-human immunodeficiency virus infected population, cryptococcosis occurs primarily in people who are functionally immunosuppressed, including patients who have undergone solid organ transplantation requiring immunosuppressive medications, are ... ...

    Abstract In the non-human immunodeficiency virus infected population, cryptococcosis occurs primarily in people who are functionally immunosuppressed, including patients who have undergone solid organ transplantation requiring immunosuppressive medications, are on corticosteroids, or have renal failure or cirrhosis. Cryptococcal meningitis poses a particular challenge in the setting of cirrhosis because its clinical presentation can mimic hepatic encephalopathy. Here, we describe two patients with decompensated cirrhosis, both with a known history of hepatic encephalopathy who had lumbar punctures and were found to have cryptococcal meningitis. The first patient had a subacute fluctuating change in mental status, while the second patient had progressive subacute headaches, gait disturbance, and hearing loss. Both patients were treated with amphotericin B and flucytosine induction, but only the second survived to maintenance therapy. These cases demonstrate the importance of having a high index of suspicion for cryptococcal meningitis in cirrhosis and having a low threshold for performing a lumbar puncture when altered mental status or other neurologic complaints are not fully explained by hepatic encephalopathy. We also provide a brief review of the pathobiology of cryptococcal infection in cirrhosis and highlight the challenges in therapy.
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2019-05-04
    Erscheinungsland China
    Dokumenttyp Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 3019822-7
    ISSN 2310-8819 ; 2225-0719
    ISSN (online) 2310-8819
    ISSN 2225-0719
    DOI 10.14218/JCTH.2019.00005
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  9. Artikel: COVID-19: An overview and a clinical update.

    Krishnan, Arunkumar / Hamilton, James P / Alqahtani, Saleh A / Woreta, Tinsay A

    World journal of clinical cases

    2020  Band 9, Heft 1, Seite(n) 8–23

    Abstract: The outbreak of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19, previously known as 2019 nCoV) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Wuhan City, China, has spread rapidly around the world. Most patients from the first ... ...

    Abstract The outbreak of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19, previously known as 2019 nCoV) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Wuhan City, China, has spread rapidly around the world. Most patients from the first cluster had an epidemiological connection to the Wuhan's Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market. Available evidence has shown that SARS-CoV-2 can be easily transmitted from person to person through close contact and respiratory droplets, posing a substantial challenge to public health. At present, the research on SARS-CoV-2 is still in the primary stages. However, dexa-methasone and remdesivir are appeared to be promising medical therapies. Still, there is no definite specific treatment, and the mainstay of treatment is still focused on supportive therapies. Currently, over 150 vaccines are under investigation. It is necessary to understand the nature of the virus and its clinical characteristics in order to find effectively manage the disease. The knowledge about this virus is rapidly evolving, and clinicians must update themselves regularly. The present review comprehensively summarizes the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, and management of COVID-19 based on the current evidence.
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2020-12-03
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2307-8960
    ISSN 2307-8960
    DOI 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i1.8
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  10. Artikel: Longitudinal assessment of liver stiffness by transient elastography for chronic hepatitis C patients.

    Mezina, Anya / Krishnan, Arunkumar / Woreta, Tinsay A / Rubenstein, Kevin B / Watson, Eric / Chen, Po-Hung / Rodriguez-Watson, Carla

    World journal of clinical cases

    2022  Band 10, Heft 17, Seite(n) 5566–5576

    Abstract: Background: Liver fibrosis is a common pathway of liver injury and is a feature of most chronic liver diseases. Fibrosis progression varies markedly in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Liver stiffness has been recommended as a parameter of ... ...

    Abstract Background: Liver fibrosis is a common pathway of liver injury and is a feature of most chronic liver diseases. Fibrosis progression varies markedly in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Liver stiffness has been recommended as a parameter of fibrosis progression/regression in patients with HCV.
    Aim: To investigate changes in liver stiffness measured by transient elastography (TE) in a large, racially diverse cohort of United States patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC).
    Methods: We evaluated the differences in liver stiffness between patients treated with direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy and untreated patients. Patients had ≥ 2 TE measurements and no prior DAA exposure. We used linear regression to measure the change in liver stiffness between first and last TE in response to treatment, controlling for age, sex, race, diabetes, smoking status, human immunodeficiency virus status, baseline alanine aminotransferase, and baseline liver stiffness. Separate regression models analyzed the change in liver stiffness as measured by kPa, stratified by cirrhosis status.
    Results: Of 813 patients, 419 (52%) initiated DAA treatment. Baseline liver stiffness was 12 kPa in 127 (16%). Median time between first and last TE was 11.7 and 12.7 mo among treated and untreated patients, respectively. There was no significant change in liver stiffness observed over time in either the group initiating DAA treatment (0.016 kPa/month; CI: -0.051, 0.084) or in the untreated group (0.001 kPa/mo; CI: -0.090, 0.092), controlling for covariates. A higher baseline kPa score was independently associated with decreased liver stiffness.
    Conclusion: DAA treatment was not associated with a differential change in liver stiffness over time in patients with CHC compared to untreated patients.
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-08-01
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ISSN 2307-8960
    ISSN 2307-8960
    DOI 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i17.5566
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