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  1. Article ; Online: Leading the Charge on Digital Regulation: The More, the Better, or Policy Bubble?

    Codagnone, Cristiano / Weigl, Linda

    Digital society : ethics, socio-legal and governance of digital technology

    2023  Volume 2, Issue 1, Page(s) 4

    Abstract: For about a decade, the concept of 'digital sovereignty' has been prominent in the European policy discourse. In the quest for digital sovereignty, the European Union has adopted a constitutional approach to protect fundamental rights and democratic ... ...

    Abstract For about a decade, the concept of 'digital sovereignty' has been prominent in the European policy discourse. In the quest for digital sovereignty, the European Union has adopted a constitutional approach to protect fundamental rights and democratic values, and to ensure fair and competitive digital markets. Thus, 'digital constitutionalism' emerged as a twin discourse. A corollary of these discourses is a third phenomenon resulting from a regulatory externalisation of European law beyond the bloc's borders, the so-called 'Brussels Effect'. The dynamics arising from Europe's digital policy and regulatory activism imply increasing legal complexities. This paper argues that this phenomenon in policy-making is a case of a positive 'policy bubble' characterised by an oversupply of policies and legislative acts. The phenomenon can be explained by the amplification of values in the framing of digital policy issues. To unpack the policy frames and values at stake, this paper provides an overview of the digital policy landscape, followed by a critical assessment to showcase the practical implications of positive policy bubbles.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-17
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2731-4669
    ISSN (online) 2731-4669
    DOI 10.1007/s44206-023-00033-7
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: The impact of labour market shocks on mental health: evidence from the Covid-19 first wave.

    Bogliacino, Francesco / Codagnone, Cristiano / Folkvord, Frans / Lupiáñez-Villanueva, Francisco

    Economia politica (Bologna, Italy)

    2023  , Page(s) 1–32

    Abstract: In this study, we estimate the effect of a negative labour market shock on individuals' levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. We use a dataset collected during the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic, on a representative sample of citizens from ... ...

    Abstract In this study, we estimate the effect of a negative labour market shock on individuals' levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. We use a dataset collected during the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic, on a representative sample of citizens from Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom, interviewed on three occasions. We measure stress, anxiety and depression and labour shocks using validated scales. Our research design is a standard difference-in-differences model: we leverage the differential timing of shocks to identify the impact on mental health. In our estimations, a negative labour shock increases the measure of stress, anxiety, and depression by 16% of a standard deviation computed from the baseline.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-26
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2509755-6
    ISSN 1973-820X ; 1120-2890
    ISSN (online) 1973-820X
    ISSN 1120-2890
    DOI 10.1007/s40888-023-00304-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Negative shocks predict change in cognitive function and preferences: assessing the negative affect and stress hypothesis.

    Bogliacino, Francesco / Codagnone, Cristiano / Montealegre, Felipe / Folkvord, Frans / Gómez, Camilo / Charris, Rafael / Liva, Giovanni / Lupiáñez-Villanueva, Francisco / Veltri, Giuseppe A

    Scientific reports

    2021  Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 3546

    Abstract: In the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic, households throughout the world have to cope with negative shocks. Previous research has shown that negative shocks impair cognitive function and change risk, time and social preferences. In this study, we ...

    Abstract In the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic, households throughout the world have to cope with negative shocks. Previous research has shown that negative shocks impair cognitive function and change risk, time and social preferences. In this study, we analyze the results of a longitudinal multi-country survey conducted in Italy (N = 1652), Spain (N = 1660) and the United Kingdom (N = 1578). We measure cognitive function using the Cognitive Reflection Test and preferences traits (risk, time and social preferences) using an experimentally validated set of questions to assess the differences between people exposed to a shock compared to the rest of the sample. We measure four possible types of shocks: labor market shock, health shock, occurrence of stressful events, and mental health shock. Additionally, we randomly assign participants to groups with either a recall of negative events (more specifically, a mild reinforcement of stress or of fear/anxiety), or to a control group (to recall neutral or joyful memories), in order to assess whether or not stress and negative emotions drive a change in preferences. Results show that people affected by shocks performed worse in terms of cognitive functioning, are more risk loving, and are more prone to punish others (negative reciprocity). Data do not support the hypotheses that the result is driven by stress or by negative emotions.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/psychology ; Choice Behavior ; Cognition ; Emotions ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Risk-Taking ; Social Behavior ; Stress, Psychological/epidemiology ; Stress, Psychological/psychology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-021-83089-0
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Restarting "Normal" Life after Covid-19 and the Lockdown: Evidence from Spain, the United Kingdom, and Italy.

    Codagnone, Cristiano / Bogliacino, Francesco / Gómez, Camilo / Folkvord, Frans / Liva, Giovanni / Charris, Rafael / Montealegre, Felipe / Lupiañez Villanueva, Francisco / Veltri, Giuseppe A

    Social indicators research

    2021  Volume 158, Issue 1, Page(s) 241–265

    Abstract: In this article, we examine the expectations of the economic outlook, fear of the future, and behavioural change during the first Covid-19 wave, for three European countries (Spain, the United Kingdom, and Italy) that have been severely hit. We use a ... ...

    Abstract In this article, we examine the expectations of the economic outlook, fear of the future, and behavioural change during the first Covid-19 wave, for three European countries (Spain, the United Kingdom, and Italy) that have been severely hit. We use a novel dataset that we collected to monitor the three countries during the crisis. As outcome variables, we used expectations (e.g., economic outlook, labour market situation, recovery), fear (e.g., scenario of new outburst, economic depression, restriction to individual rights and freedom), and behavioural change across the following dimensions: savings, cultural consumption, social capital, and risky behaviour. We provide descriptive evidence that is representative of the population of interest, and we estimate the impact of exposure to shock occurred during the crisis on the same outcome variables, using matching techniques. Our main findings are the following: we detected systematically negative expectations regarding the future and the recovery, majoritarian fears of an economic depression, a new outbreak, and a permanent restriction on freedom, a reduction in saving and in social capital. Exposure to shocks decreased expected job prospects, increased withdrawal from accumulated savings, and reduced contacts with the network relevant to job advancement, whereas it had inconclusive effects over fears.
    Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11205-021-02697-5.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2018687-3
    ISSN 1573-0921 ; 0303-8300
    ISSN (online) 1573-0921
    ISSN 0303-8300
    DOI 10.1007/s11205-021-02697-5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Negative shocks predict change in cognitive function and preferences

    Francesco Bogliacino / Cristiano Codagnone / Felipe Montealegre / Frans Folkvord / Camilo Gómez / Rafael Charris / Giovanni Liva / Francisco Lupiáñez-Villanueva / Giuseppe A. Veltri

    Scientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    assessing the negative affect and stress hypothesis

    2021  Volume 10

    Abstract: Abstract In the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic, households throughout the world have to cope with negative shocks. Previous research has shown that negative shocks impair cognitive function and change risk, time and social preferences. In this ... ...

    Abstract Abstract In the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic, households throughout the world have to cope with negative shocks. Previous research has shown that negative shocks impair cognitive function and change risk, time and social preferences. In this study, we analyze the results of a longitudinal multi-country survey conducted in Italy (N = 1652), Spain (N = 1660) and the United Kingdom (N = 1578). We measure cognitive function using the Cognitive Reflection Test and preferences traits (risk, time and social preferences) using an experimentally validated set of questions to assess the differences between people exposed to a shock compared to the rest of the sample. We measure four possible types of shocks: labor market shock, health shock, occurrence of stressful events, and mental health shock. Additionally, we randomly assign participants to groups with either a recall of negative events (more specifically, a mild reinforcement of stress or of fear/anxiety), or to a control group (to recall neutral or joyful memories), in order to assess whether or not stress and negative emotions drive a change in preferences. Results show that people affected by shocks performed worse in terms of cognitive functioning, are more risk loving, and are more prone to punish others (negative reciprocity). Data do not support the hypotheses that the result is driven by stress or by negative emotions.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 150
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Assessing concerns for the economic consequence of the COVID-19 response and mental health problems associated with economic vulnerability and negative economic shock in Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom.

    Codagnone, Cristiano / Bogliacino, Francesco / Gómez, Camilo / Charris, Rafael / Montealegre, Felipe / Liva, Giovanni / Lupiáñez-Villanueva, Francisco / Folkvord, Frans / Veltri, Giuseppe A

    PloS one

    2020  Volume 15, Issue 10, Page(s) e0240876

    Abstract: Many different countries have been under lockdown or extreme social distancing measures to control the spread of COVID-19. The potentially far-reaching side effects of these measures have not yet been fully understood. In this study we analyse the ... ...

    Abstract Many different countries have been under lockdown or extreme social distancing measures to control the spread of COVID-19. The potentially far-reaching side effects of these measures have not yet been fully understood. In this study we analyse the results of a multi-country survey conducted in Italy (N = 3,504), Spain (N = 3,524) and the United Kingdom (N = 3,523), with two separate analyses. In the first analysis, we examine the elicitation of citizens' concerns over the downplaying of the economic consequences of the lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic. We control for Social Desirability Bias through a list experiment included in the survey. In the second analysis, we examine the data from the same survey to predict the level of stress, anxiety and depression associated with being economically vulnerable and having been affected by a negative economic shock. To accomplish this, we have used a prediction algorithm based on machine learning techniques. To quantify the size of this affected population, we compare its magnitude with the number of people affected by COVID-19 using measures of susceptibility, vulnerability and behavioural change collected in the same questionnaire. We find that the concern for the economy and for "the way out" of the lockdown is diffuse and there is evidence of minor underreporting. Additionally, we estimate that around 42.8% of the populations in the three countries are at high risk of stress, anxiety, and depression, based on their level of economic vulnerability and their exposure to a negative economic shock.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anxiety/epidemiology ; Anxiety/etiology ; Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Communicable Disease Control/economics ; Communicable Disease Control/methods ; Coronavirus Infections/economics ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Coronavirus Infections/psychology ; Depression/epidemiology ; Depression/etiology ; Economic Recession ; Female ; Humans ; Italy/epidemiology ; Male ; Mental Disorders/economics ; Mental Disorders/etiology ; Middle Aged ; Pandemics/economics ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/economics ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/psychology ; Principal Component Analysis ; Quarantine/economics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Spain/epidemiology ; Stress, Psychological/epidemiology ; Stress, Psychological/etiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United Kingdom/epidemiology ; Young Adult
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0240876
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Assessing concerns for the economic consequence of the COVID-19 response and mental health problems associated with economic vulnerability and negative economic shock in Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom

    Codagnone, Cristiano Bogliacino Francesco Gómez Camilo Charris Rafael Montealegre Felipe Liva Giovanni Lupiáñez-Villanueva Francisco Folkvord Frans Veltri Giuseppe A.

    PLoS One

    Abstract: Many different countries have been under lockdown or extreme social distancing measures to control the spread of COVID-19 The potentially far-reaching side effects of these measures have not yet been fully understood In this study we analyse the results ... ...

    Abstract Many different countries have been under lockdown or extreme social distancing measures to control the spread of COVID-19 The potentially far-reaching side effects of these measures have not yet been fully understood In this study we analyse the results of a multi-country survey conducted in Italy (N = 3,504), Spain (N = 3,524) and the United Kingdom (N = 3,523), with two separate analyses In the first analysis, we examine the elicitation of citizens’ concerns over the downplaying of the economic consequences of the lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic We control for Social Desirability Bias through a list experiment included in the survey In the second analysis, we examine the data from the same survey to predict the level of stress, anxiety and depression associated with being economically vulnerable and having been affected by a negative economic shock To accomplish this, we have used a prediction algorithm based on machine learning techniques To quantify the size of this affected population, we compare its magnitude with the number of people affected by COVID-19 using measures of susceptibility, vulnerability and behavioural change collected in the same questionnaire We find that the concern for the economy and for “the way out” of the lockdown is diffuse and there is evidence of minor underreporting Additionally, we estimate that around 42 8% of the populations in the three countries are at high risk of stress, anxiety, and depression, based on their level of economic vulnerability and their exposure to a negative economic shock
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #892381
    Database COVID19

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  8. Article ; Online: Assessing concerns for the economic consequence of the COVID-19 response and mental health problems associated with economic vulnerability and negative economic shock in Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom.

    Cristiano Codagnone / Francesco Bogliacino / Camilo Gómez / Rafael Charris / Felipe Montealegre / Giovanni Liva / Francisco Lupiáñez-Villanueva / Frans Folkvord / Giuseppe A Veltri

    PLoS ONE, Vol 15, Iss 10, p e

    2020  Volume 0240876

    Abstract: Many different countries have been under lockdown or extreme social distancing measures to control the spread of COVID-19. The potentially far-reaching side effects of these measures have not yet been fully understood. In this study we analyse the ... ...

    Abstract Many different countries have been under lockdown or extreme social distancing measures to control the spread of COVID-19. The potentially far-reaching side effects of these measures have not yet been fully understood. In this study we analyse the results of a multi-country survey conducted in Italy (N = 3,504), Spain (N = 3,524) and the United Kingdom (N = 3,523), with two separate analyses. In the first analysis, we examine the elicitation of citizens' concerns over the downplaying of the economic consequences of the lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic. We control for Social Desirability Bias through a list experiment included in the survey. In the second analysis, we examine the data from the same survey to predict the level of stress, anxiety and depression associated with being economically vulnerable and having been affected by a negative economic shock. To accomplish this, we have used a prediction algorithm based on machine learning techniques. To quantify the size of this affected population, we compare its magnitude with the number of people affected by COVID-19 using measures of susceptibility, vulnerability and behavioural change collected in the same questionnaire. We find that the concern for the economy and for "the way out" of the lockdown is diffuse and there is evidence of minor underreporting. Additionally, we estimate that around 42.8% of the populations in the three countries are at high risk of stress, anxiety, and depression, based on their level of economic vulnerability and their exposure to a negative economic shock.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 338
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Does a 'protective' message reduce the impact of an advergame promoting unhealthy foods to children? An experimental study in Spain and The Netherlands.

    Folkvord, Frans / Lupiáñez-Villanueva, Francisco / Codagnone, Cristiano / Bogliacino, Francesco / Veltri, Giuseppe / Gaskell, George

    Appetite

    2017  Volume 112, Page(s) 117–123

    Abstract: The weight of evidence points to the advertising of food affecting food consumption, especially among children. Such advertising often promotes unhealthy foods. Current policy deliberations focus on developing effective 'protective' messages to increase ... ...

    Abstract The weight of evidence points to the advertising of food affecting food consumption, especially among children. Such advertising often promotes unhealthy foods. Current policy deliberations focus on developing effective 'protective' messages to increase advertising literacy and consequent scepticism about advertising targeting children. This study examined whether incorporating a 'protective' message in an advergame promoting energy-dense snacks would reduce children's snack intake. A randomized between-subject design was conducted in the Netherlands (N = 215) and Spain (N = 382) with an advergame promoting either energy-dense snacks or nonfood products. The results showed that playing an advergame promoting energy-dense snacks increased caloric intake in both countries, irrespective of whether the 'protective' message was present or not. These results point to the limitations of 'protective' messages and advertising literacy and provide policy makers with a rationale for extending the current prohibition of food advertising to young children in the terrestrial media to online environments.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-05-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1095-8304
    ISSN (online) 1095-8304
    DOI 10.1016/j.appet.2017.01.026
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Assessing concerns for the economic consequence of the COVID-19 response and mental health problems associated with economic vulnerability and negative economic shock in Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom

    Codagnone, Cristiano / Bogliacino, Francesco / Gómez, Camilo / Charris, Rafael / Montealegre, Felipe / Liva, Giovanni / Lupiáñez-Villanueva, Francisco / Folkvord, Frans / Veltri, Giuseppe A.

    PLOS ONE

    2020  Volume 15, Issue 10, Page(s) e0240876

    Keywords General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ; General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ; General Medicine ; covid19
    Language English
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Publishing country us
    Document type Article ; Online
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0240876
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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