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  1. Buch ; Online: Chapter 9 CHERISH

    Corns, Anthony / Shaw, Robert / Shine, Linda / Henry, Sandra / Pollard, Edward / Driver, Toby / Barker, Louise / Hunt, Daniel / Davies, Sarah / Robson, Patrick / Griffiths, Hywel / Barry, James / Craven, Kieran / Cullen, Sean

    Development of a Toolkit for the 3D Documentation and Analysis of the Marine and Coastal Historic Environment

    2024  

    Schlagwörter Earth sciences ; Imaging systems & technology ; Drones, Remote Sensing, Visualization, 3d, 4d, VR, AR
    Sprache Englisch
    Umfang 1 electronic resource (26 pages)
    Verlag Taylor and Francis
    Dokumenttyp Buch ; Online
    Anmerkung English
    HBZ-ID HT030613326
    ISBN 9781032108957 ; 1032108959
    Datenquelle ZB MED Katalog Medizin, Gesundheit, Ernährung, Umwelt, Agrar

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  2. Artikel ; Online: Response to "Letter Regarding: Subtalar Arthrodesis Union Rates With and Without Adjacent Ankle Arthrodesis".

    Davies, Howard / Jennison, Toby / Dalgleish, James / Taher, Suhib / Chadwick, Carolyn / Blundell, Chris / Davies, Mark

    Foot & ankle international

    2023  Band 44, Heft 2, Seite(n) 168

    Mesh-Begriff(e) Humans ; Ankle ; Joints ; Arthrodesis
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-02-09
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 1183283-6
    ISSN 1944-7876 ; 1071-1007
    ISSN (online) 1944-7876
    ISSN 1071-1007
    DOI 10.1177/10711007221146979
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Artikel ; Online: Warning: Humans cannot reliably detect speech deepfakes.

    Mai, Kimberly T / Bray, Sergi / Davies, Toby / Griffin, Lewis D

    PloS one

    2023  Band 18, Heft 8, Seite(n) e0285333

    Abstract: Speech deepfakes are artificial voices generated by machine learning models. Previous literature has highlighted deepfakes as one of the biggest security threats arising from progress in artificial intelligence due to their potential for misuse. However, ...

    Abstract Speech deepfakes are artificial voices generated by machine learning models. Previous literature has highlighted deepfakes as one of the biggest security threats arising from progress in artificial intelligence due to their potential for misuse. However, studies investigating human detection capabilities are limited. We presented genuine and deepfake audio to n = 529 individuals and asked them to identify the deepfakes. We ran our experiments in English and Mandarin to understand if language affects detection performance and decision-making rationale. We found that detection capability is unreliable. Listeners only correctly spotted the deepfakes 73% of the time, and there was no difference in detectability between the two languages. Increasing listener awareness by providing examples of speech deepfakes only improves results slightly. As speech synthesis algorithms improve and become more realistic, we can expect the detection task to become harder. The difficulty of detecting speech deepfakes confirms their potential for misuse and signals that defenses against this threat are needed.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Humans ; Speech ; Artificial Intelligence ; Phonetics ; Speech Perception ; Language
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-08-02
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0285333
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Artikel ; Online: Non-erythropoiesis stimulating agent, non-iron therapies for the management of anemia: A scoping review.

    Davies, Amelia T / Devlin, Paula M / Dugan, Cory / Richards, Toby / Miles, Lachlan F

    Transfusion

    2023  Band 63, Heft 4, Seite(n) 849–860

    Mesh-Begriff(e) Humans ; Anemia/drug therapy ; Hematinics/therapeutic use
    Chemische Substanzen Hematinics
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-02-22
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 208417-x
    ISSN 1537-2995 ; 0041-1132
    ISSN (online) 1537-2995
    ISSN 0041-1132
    DOI 10.1111/trf.17274
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Artikel ; Online: Total Talus Replacements.

    Jennison, Toby / Dalgleish, James / Sharpe, Ian / Davies, Mark / Goldberg, Andrew

    Foot & ankle orthopaedics

    2023  Band 8, Heft 1, Seite(n) 24730114221151068

    Abstract: Background: Total talus replacements are a surgical treatment for talar avascular necrosis (AVN) replacing the entire talus. The potential for total talus replacements has increased with the advent of patient-specific implants using 3D printing based on ...

    Abstract Background: Total talus replacements are a surgical treatment for talar avascular necrosis (AVN) replacing the entire talus. The potential for total talus replacements has increased with the advent of patient-specific implants using 3D printing based on computed tomographic scanning of the ipsilateral or contralateral talus. The primary aim of this review is to summarize the literature on total talus replacements, providing a historical survey, indications, controversies, complications, survival, and functional outcomes.
    Methods: A systematic review was performed. Articles with survival of total talus replacements were included. Basic percentages and a critical review of the literature was performed.
    Results: Nine articles with 115 patients were included. The mean age ranged from 27.6 to 72 years, but with 5 studies having a mean age of <50 years. Mean follow-up ranged from 12.8 to 152 months. The most common indication was avascular necrosis in 67 patients (58%). Five studies used customized implants and 4 studies used 3D printing. Four studies used ceramic prostheses, 3 cobalt chromium, 1 stainless steel, and 1 titanium with ceramic surface. Three studies involved a talus replacement in conjunction with an ankle replacement. Postoperative complications ranged from 0% to 33%. Of 24 functional outcomes scores, 66.7% demonstrated significant improvement.
    Conclusion: Total talus replacements are a promising alternative to tibiotalocalcaneal fusion for patients with avascular necrosis of the talus; however, further studies are required to ensure reliable outcomes prior to widespread adoption of this technology.
    Level of evidence: Level IV, review of case series.
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-01-27
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2473-0114
    ISSN (online) 2473-0114
    DOI 10.1177/24730114221151068
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Buch ; Online: Understanding the limitations of self-supervised learning for tabular anomaly detection

    Mai, Kimberly T. / Davies, Toby / Griffin, Lewis D.

    2023  

    Abstract: While self-supervised learning has improved anomaly detection in computer vision and natural language processing, it is unclear whether tabular data can benefit from it. This paper explores the limitations of self-supervision for tabular anomaly ... ...

    Abstract While self-supervised learning has improved anomaly detection in computer vision and natural language processing, it is unclear whether tabular data can benefit from it. This paper explores the limitations of self-supervision for tabular anomaly detection. We conduct several experiments spanning various pretext tasks on 26 benchmark datasets to understand why this is the case. Our results confirm representations derived from self-supervision do not improve tabular anomaly detection performance compared to using the raw representations of the data. We show this is due to neural networks introducing irrelevant features, which reduces the effectiveness of anomaly detectors. However, we demonstrate that using a subspace of the neural network's representation can recover performance.
    Schlagwörter Computer Science - Machine Learning
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-09-15
    Erscheinungsland us
    Dokumenttyp Buch ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  7. Buch ; Online: Of Degens and Defrauders

    Trozze, Arianna / Davies, Toby / Kleinberg, Bennett

    Using Open-Source Investigative Tools to Investigate Decentralized Finance Frauds and Money Laundering

    2023  

    Abstract: Fraud across the decentralized finance (DeFi) ecosystem is growing, with victims losing billions to DeFi scams every year. However, there is a disconnect between the reported value of these scams and associated legal prosecutions. We use open-source ... ...

    Abstract Fraud across the decentralized finance (DeFi) ecosystem is growing, with victims losing billions to DeFi scams every year. However, there is a disconnect between the reported value of these scams and associated legal prosecutions. We use open-source investigative tools to (1) investigate potential frauds involving Ethereum tokens using on-chain data and token smart contract analysis, and (2) investigate the ways proceeds from these scams were subsequently laundered. The analysis enabled us to (1) uncover transaction-based evidence of several rug pull and pump-and-dump schemes, and (2) identify their perpetrators' money laundering tactics and cash-out methods. The rug pulls were less sophisticated than anticipated, money laundering techniques were also rudimentary and many funds ended up at centralized exchanges. This study demonstrates how open-source investigative tools can extract transaction-based evidence that could be used in a court of law to prosecute DeFi frauds. Additionally, we investigate how these funds are subsequently laundered.
    Schlagwörter Computer Science - Cryptography and Security
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-03-01
    Erscheinungsland us
    Dokumenttyp Buch ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  8. Buch ; Online: Large Language Models in Cryptocurrency Securities Cases

    Trozze, Arianna / Davies, Toby / Kleinberg, Bennett

    Can ChatGPT Replace Lawyers?

    2023  

    Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) could enhance access to the legal system. However, empirical research on their effectiveness in conducting legal tasks is scant. We study securities cases involving cryptocurrencies as one of numerous contexts where AI could ... ...

    Abstract Large Language Models (LLMs) could enhance access to the legal system. However, empirical research on their effectiveness in conducting legal tasks is scant. We study securities cases involving cryptocurrencies as one of numerous contexts where AI could support the legal process, studying LLMs' legal reasoning and drafting capabilities. We examine whether a) an LLM can accurately determine which laws are potentially being violated from a fact pattern, and b) whether there is a difference in juror decision-making based on complaints written by a lawyer compared to an LLM. We feed fact patterns from real-life cases to GPT-3.5 and evaluate its ability to determine correct potential violations from the scenario and exclude spurious violations. Second, we had mock jurors assess complaints written by the LLM and lawyers. GPT-3.5's legal reasoning skills proved weak, though we expect improvement in future models, particularly given the violations it suggested tended to be correct (it merely missed additional, correct violations). GPT-3.5 performed better at legal drafting, and jurors' decisions were not statistically significantly associated with the author of the document upon which they based their decisions. Because LLMs cannot satisfactorily conduct legal reasoning tasks, they would be unable to replace lawyers at this stage. However, their drafting skills (though, perhaps, still inferior to lawyers), could provide access to justice for more individuals by reducing the cost of legal services. Our research is the first to systematically study LLMs' legal drafting and reasoning capabilities in litigation, as well as in securities law and cryptocurrency-related misconduct.
    Schlagwörter Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ; Computer Science - Computation and Language
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 340
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-08-11
    Erscheinungsland us
    Dokumenttyp Buch ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  9. Artikel ; Online: The relationship between menorrhagia, iron deficiency, and anaemia in recreationally active females: An exploratory population based screening study.

    Dugan, Cory / Peeling, Peter / Davies, Amelia / MacLean, Beth / Simpson, Aaron / Lim, Jayne / Richards, Toby

    Journal of science and medicine in sport

    2024  

    Abstract: Objectives: Iron deficiency, anaemia, and menorrhagia - or heavy menstrual bleeding - are interrelated conditions that are highly prevalent and commonly underrecognised in exercising females of reproductive age. This study utilised a screening tool to ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Iron deficiency, anaemia, and menorrhagia - or heavy menstrual bleeding - are interrelated conditions that are highly prevalent and commonly underrecognised in exercising females of reproductive age. This study utilised a screening tool to identify risk factors and symptoms associated with heavy menstrual bleeding, iron deficiency, and anaemia in this population.
    Design: An observational, cross sectional survey study was employed.
    Methods: 1042 active females (aged 18-65) completed a comprehensive screening questionnaire and 887 (85 % compliance) provided a fingerprick blood sample for haemoglobin (Hb) concentration measurement. Women that presented as anaemic (defined as a [Hb] < 120 g/L) or deemed to be at risk of iron deficiency (120 < [Hb] < 130 g/L) were asked to complete follow-up blood tests to screen for iron studies.
    Results: Average [Hb] was 134.2 ± 12.1 g/L, with 94 individuals considered anaemic (10.6 %). Of the sample, 104 underwent follow-up blood tests; 51 (~49 %) presented with iron deficiency (defined as ferritin <30 μg/L). Based on survey responses, 274 (30.9 %) participants were determined to have heavy menstrual bleeding. Those presenting with heavy menstrual bleeding were younger, exercised fewer hours per week, and were more likely to have a history of iron deficiency or anaemia (all p < 0.05). Participants reporting a history of anaemia or iron deficiency were more likely to have heavy menstrual bleeding (anaemia: 39.7 %; iron deficiency; 36.9 %; both p < 0.05).
    Conclusions: In this cohort of exercising females of reproductive age, the prevalence of anaemia was 10.6 %. There is a strong association between heavy menstrual bleeding and a self-reported history of iron deficiency and anaemia. Greater awareness of heavy menstrual bleeding and its relationship with iron deficiency and anaemia is needed in this population. Non-invasive screening should be conducted to raise awareness and further understand the associated risk factors and symptomatology.
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2024-05-02
    Erscheinungsland Australia
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1437829-2
    ISSN 1878-1861 ; 1440-2440
    ISSN (online) 1878-1861
    ISSN 1440-2440
    DOI 10.1016/j.jsams.2024.04.012
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  10. Artikel ; Online: Non-erythropoiesis-stimulating agent, non-iron therapies for the management of anaemia

    Toby Richards / Amelia Davies / Paula Devlin / Cory Dugan / Lachlan F Miles

    BMJ Open, Vol 12, Iss

    protocol for a scoping review

    2022  Band 4

    Schlagwörter Medicine ; R
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag BMJ Publishing Group
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
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