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  1. Artikel ; Online: Decline in pneumococcal disease incidence in the time of COVID-19 in Singapore.

    Lim, Rachel Hf / Chow, Angela / Ho, Hanley J

    The Journal of infection

    2020  Band 81, Heft 6, Seite(n) e19–e21

    Mesh-Begriff(e) COVID-19 ; Humans ; Incidence ; Influenza, Human ; Pneumococcal Infections/epidemiology ; Pneumococcal Infections/prevention & control ; Public Health ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Singapore/epidemiology
    Schlagwörter covid19
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2020-08-15
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 424417-5
    ISSN 1532-2742 ; 0163-4453
    ISSN (online) 1532-2742
    ISSN 0163-4453
    DOI 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.08.020
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Artikel ; Online: Decline in pneumococcal disease incidence in the time of COVID-19 in Singapore

    Lim, Rachel HF / Chow, Angela / Ho, Hanley J

    Journal of Infection ; ISSN 0163-4453

    2020  

    Schlagwörter Microbiology (medical) ; Infectious Diseases ; covid19
    Sprache Englisch
    Verlag Elsevier BV
    Erscheinungsland us
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    DOI 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.08.020
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

    Volltext online

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  4. Artikel ; Online: Author Correction: Bridging the literacy gap for surgical consents: an AI-human expert collaborative approach.

    Ali, Rohaid / Connolly, Ian D / Tang, Oliver Y / Mirza, Fatima N / Johnston, Benjamin / Abdulrazeq, Hael F / Lim, Rachel K / Galamaga, Paul F / Libby, Tiffany J / Sodha, Neel R / Groff, Michael W / Gokaslan, Ziya L / Telfeian, Albert E / Shin, John H / Asaad, Wael F / Zou, James / Doberstein, Curtis E

    NPJ digital medicine

    2024  Band 7, Heft 1, Seite(n) 93

    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2024-04-12
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Published Erratum
    ISSN 2398-6352
    ISSN (online) 2398-6352
    DOI 10.1038/s41746-024-01099-4
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Artikel ; Online: Bridging the literacy gap for surgical consents: an AI-human expert collaborative approach.

    Ali, Rohaid / Connolly, Ian D / Tang, Oliver Y / Mirza, Fatima N / Johnston, Benjamin / Abdulrazeq, Hael F / Lim, Rachel K / Galamaga, Paul F / Libby, Tiffany J / Sodha, Neel R / Groff, Michael W / Gokaslan, Ziya L / Telfeian, Albert E / Shin, John H / Asaad, Wael F / Zou, James / Doberstein, Curtis E

    NPJ digital medicine

    2024  Band 7, Heft 1, Seite(n) 63

    Abstract: Despite the importance of informed consent in healthcare, the readability and specificity of consent forms often impede patients' comprehension. This study investigates the use of GPT-4 to simplify surgical consent forms and introduces an AI-human expert ...

    Abstract Despite the importance of informed consent in healthcare, the readability and specificity of consent forms often impede patients' comprehension. This study investigates the use of GPT-4 to simplify surgical consent forms and introduces an AI-human expert collaborative approach to validate content appropriateness. Consent forms from multiple institutions were assessed for readability and simplified using GPT-4, with pre- and post-simplification readability metrics compared using nonparametric tests. Independent reviews by medical authors and a malpractice defense attorney were conducted. Finally, GPT-4's potential for generating de novo procedure-specific consent forms was assessed, with forms evaluated using a validated 8-item rubric and expert subspecialty surgeon review. Analysis of 15 academic medical centers' consent forms revealed significant reductions in average reading time, word rarity, and passive sentence frequency (all P < 0.05) following GPT-4-faciliated simplification. Readability improved from an average college freshman to an 8th-grade level (P = 0.004), matching the average American's reading level. Medical and legal sufficiency consistency was confirmed. GPT-4 generated procedure-specific consent forms for five varied surgical procedures at an average 6th-grade reading level. These forms received perfect scores on a standardized consent form rubric and withstood scrutiny upon expert subspeciality surgeon review. This study demonstrates the first AI-human expert collaboration to enhance surgical consent forms, significantly improving readability without sacrificing clinical detail. Our framework could be extended to other patient communication materials, emphasizing clear communication and mitigating disparities related to health literacy barriers.
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2024-03-08
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ISSN 2398-6352
    ISSN (online) 2398-6352
    DOI 10.1038/s41746-024-01039-2
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Artikel: Dominant Negative TRAF3 Variant With Recurrent

    Liew, Mei Fong / Lim, Hui Fang / Liang, Mui Cheng / Lim, Ives / Tan, Zhaohong / Tan, Rachel Ying Min / Sam, Qi Hui / Soe, Win Mar / Tay, Sen Hee / Xu, Shengli / Chang, Matthew Wook / Foo, Roger / Soong, Tuck Wah / Ravikumar, Sharada / Chai, Louis Yi Ann

    Open forum infectious diseases

    2022  Band 9, Heft 8, Seite(n) ofac379

    Abstract: Host factors leading to pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria (PNTM) disease are poorly understood compared with disseminated NTM disease, which is linked to the interleukin 12-interferon gamma signaling pathway. We investigated the tumor necrosis factor ...

    Abstract Host factors leading to pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria (PNTM) disease are poorly understood compared with disseminated NTM disease, which is linked to the interleukin 12-interferon gamma signaling pathway. We investigated the tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 3 (TRAF3) R338W variant in a patient with recurrent PNTM infection, demonstrating TRAF3- and TNF-α-deficient phenotypes via ex vivo immune and cloning-transfection cellular studies.
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-08-03
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2757767-3
    ISSN 2328-8957
    ISSN 2328-8957
    DOI 10.1093/ofid/ofac379
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Artikel ; Online: Demographic Representation in 3 Leading Artificial Intelligence Text-to-Image Generators.

    Ali, Rohaid / Tang, Oliver Y / Connolly, Ian D / Abdulrazeq, Hael F / Mirza, Fatima N / Lim, Rachel K / Johnston, Benjamin R / Groff, Michael W / Williamson, Theresa / Svokos, Konstantina / Libby, Tiffany J / Shin, John H / Gokaslan, Ziya L / Doberstein, Curtis E / Zou, James / Asaad, Wael F

    JAMA surgery

    2023  Band 159, Heft 1, Seite(n) 87–95

    Abstract: Importance: The progression of artificial intelligence (AI) text-to-image generators raises concerns of perpetuating societal biases, including profession-based stereotypes.: Objective: To gauge the demographic accuracy of surgeon representation by 3 ...

    Abstract Importance: The progression of artificial intelligence (AI) text-to-image generators raises concerns of perpetuating societal biases, including profession-based stereotypes.
    Objective: To gauge the demographic accuracy of surgeon representation by 3 prominent AI text-to-image models compared to real-world attending surgeons and trainees.
    Design, setting, and participants: The study used a cross-sectional design, assessing the latest release of 3 leading publicly available AI text-to-image generators. Seven independent reviewers categorized AI-produced images. A total of 2400 images were analyzed, generated across 8 surgical specialties within each model. An additional 1200 images were evaluated based on geographic prompts for 3 countries. The study was conducted in May 2023. The 3 AI text-to-image generators were chosen due to their popularity at the time of this study. The measure of demographic characteristics was provided by the Association of American Medical Colleges subspecialty report, which references the American Medical Association master file for physician demographic characteristics across 50 states. Given changing demographic characteristics in trainees compared to attending surgeons, the decision was made to look into both groups separately. Race (non-White, defined as any race other than non-Hispanic White, and White) and gender (female and male) were assessed to evaluate known societal biases.
    Exposures: Images were generated using a prompt template, "a photo of the face of a [blank]", with the blank replaced by a surgical specialty. Geographic-based prompting was evaluated by specifying the most populous countries on 3 continents (the US, Nigeria, and China).
    Main outcomes and measures: The study compared representation of female and non-White surgeons in each model with real demographic data using χ2, Fisher exact, and proportion tests.
    Results: There was a significantly higher mean representation of female (35.8% vs 14.7%; P < .001) and non-White (37.4% vs 22.8%; P < .001) surgeons among trainees than attending surgeons. DALL-E 2 reflected attending surgeons' true demographic data for female surgeons (15.9% vs 14.7%; P = .39) and non-White surgeons (22.6% vs 22.8%; P = .92) but underestimated trainees' representation for both female (15.9% vs 35.8%; P < .001) and non-White (22.6% vs 37.4%; P < .001) surgeons. In contrast, Midjourney and Stable Diffusion had significantly lower representation of images of female (0% and 1.8%, respectively; P < .001) and non-White (0.5% and 0.6%, respectively; P < .001) surgeons than DALL-E 2 or true demographic data. Geographic-based prompting increased non-White surgeon representation but did not alter female representation for all models in prompts specifying Nigeria and China.
    Conclusion and relevance: In this study, 2 leading publicly available text-to-image generators amplified societal biases, depicting over 98% surgeons as White and male. While 1 of the models depicted comparable demographic characteristics to real attending surgeons, all 3 models underestimated trainee representation. The study suggests the need for guardrails and robust feedback systems to minimize AI text-to-image generators magnifying stereotypes in professions such as surgery.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) United States ; Humans ; Male ; Female ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Artificial Intelligence ; Surgeons ; Specialties, Surgical ; Demography
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-11-15
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2701841-6
    ISSN 2168-6262 ; 2168-6254
    ISSN (online) 2168-6262
    ISSN 2168-6254
    DOI 10.1001/jamasurg.2023.5695
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Artikel ; Online: Sputum Eosinophilia and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Ventilation Heterogeneity in Severe Asthma.

    Svenningsen, Sarah / Eddy, Rachel L / Lim, Hui Fang / Cox, P Gerard / Nair, Parameswaran / Parraga, Grace

    American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine

    2018  Band 197, Heft 7, Seite(n) 876–884

    Abstract: Rationale: Inflammation and smooth muscle dysfunction are integral components of severe asthma that contribute to luminal obstruction causing airflow limitation, ventilation heterogeneity, and symptoms. This is important for guiding treatment decisions ... ...

    Abstract Rationale: Inflammation and smooth muscle dysfunction are integral components of severe asthma that contribute to luminal obstruction causing airflow limitation, ventilation heterogeneity, and symptoms. This is important for guiding treatment decisions directed at the inflammatory (e.g., anti-T-helper cell type 2 monoclonal antibodies) and noninflammatory, smooth muscle-mediated (e.g., bronchial thermoplasty) components of severe asthma.
    Objectives: To investigate the contribution of eosinophilic bronchitis and smooth muscle dysfunction to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ventilation heterogeneity in patients with severe asthma.
    Methods: We measured the inhaled hyperpolarized gas MRI response to salbutamol as a marker of smooth muscle dysfunction, and sputum eosinophils as a marker of airway inflammation, and their contributions to ventilation heterogeneity (quantified as the ventilation defect percent [VDP]) in 27 patients with severe asthma. Spirometry and forced oscillation airway resistance measurements were also acquired pre- and postsalbutamol. Patients were dichotomized on the basis of sputum eosinophilia, and pre- and postsalbutamol VDP and physiological measurements were evaluated.
    Measurements and main results: MRI VDP improved with salbutamol inhalation in patients in whom sputum eosinophilia was uncontrolled (≥3%, n = 16) (P = 0.002) and in those in whom it was controlled (<3%, n = 11) (P = 0.02), independent of improvements in FEV
    Conclusions: In patients with severe asthma, MRI regionally identifies the inflammatory and noninflammatory components of airway disease. Ventilation heterogeneity persists postsalbutamol in patients with uncontrolled eosinophilic bronchitis, which may be the functional consequence of airway inflammation.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Adult ; Asthma/blood ; Asthma/complications ; Asthma/physiopathology ; Eosinophilia/complications ; Eosinophilia/physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Lung/diagnostic imaging ; Lung/physiopathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Respiration ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Severity of Illness Index ; Sputum
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2018-01-09
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1180953-x
    ISSN 1535-4970 ; 0003-0805 ; 1073-449X
    ISSN (online) 1535-4970
    ISSN 0003-0805 ; 1073-449X
    DOI 10.1164/rccm.201709-1948OC
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Artikel: Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium.

    Tan, Kai Sen / Lim, Rachel Liyu / Liu, Jing / Ong, Hsiao Hui / Tan, Vivian Jiayi / Lim, Hui Fang / Chung, Kian Fan / Adcock, Ian M / Chow, Vincent T / Wang, De Yun

    Frontiers in cell and developmental biology

    2020  Band 8, Seite(n) 99

    Abstract: Respiratory virus infection is one of the major sources of exacerbation of chronic airway inflammatory diseases. These exacerbations are associated with high morbidity and even mortality worldwide. The current understanding on viral-induced exacerbations ...

    Abstract Respiratory virus infection is one of the major sources of exacerbation of chronic airway inflammatory diseases. These exacerbations are associated with high morbidity and even mortality worldwide. The current understanding on viral-induced exacerbations is that viral infection increases airway inflammation which aggravates disease symptoms. Recent advances in
    Schlagwörter covid19
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2020-02-25
    Erscheinungsland Switzerland
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2737824-X
    ISSN 2296-634X
    ISSN 2296-634X
    DOI 10.3389/fcell.2020.00099
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  10. Artikel: Bronchial thermoplasty guided by hyperpolarised gas magnetic resonance imaging in adults with severe asthma: a 1-year pilot randomised trial.

    Svenningsen, Sarah / Nair, Parameswaran / Eddy, Rachel L / McIntosh, Marrissa J / Kjarsgaard, Melanie / Lim, Hui Fang / McCormack, David G / Cox, Gerard / Parraga, Grace

    ERJ open research

    2021  Band 7, Heft 3

    Abstract: Patient-specific localisation of ventilation defects using hyperpolarised gas magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) introduces the possibility of regionally targeted bronchial thermoplasty (BT) for the treatment of severe asthma. We aimed to demonstrate that ... ...

    Abstract Patient-specific localisation of ventilation defects using hyperpolarised gas magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) introduces the possibility of regionally targeted bronchial thermoplasty (BT) for the treatment of severe asthma. We aimed to demonstrate that BT guided by MRI to ventilation defects reduces the number of radiofrequency activations while resulting in improved asthma quality-of-life and control scores that are non-inferior to standard BT. In a 1-year pilot randomised controlled trial, 14 patients with severe asthma who were clinically eligible to receive BT underwent hyperpolarised gas MRI to characterise ventilation defects and were randomised to MRI-guided or standard BT. End-points were improved Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) and Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) scores, the proportion of AQLQ and ACQ responders and the number of radiofrequency activations and bronchoscopy sessions. Participants who underwent MRI-guided BT received 53% fewer radiofrequency activations than those who had standard BT (p=0.003). At 12 months, the mean improvement from baseline was similar between the MRI-guided group (n=5) and the standard group (n=7) for AQLQ score (MRI-guided: 1.8, 95% CI 0.1-3.5, p=0.04; standard: 0.7, 95% CI -0.9-2.3, p=0.30) (p=0.25) and ACQ-5 score (MRI-guided: -1.4, 95% CI -2.6- -0.2, p=0.03; standard: -0.7, 95% CI -1.3-0.0, p=0.04) (p=0.17). A similar proportion of participants in both groups achieved a clinically relevant improvement in AQLQ score (MRI-guided: 80%; standard: 71%) and ACQ-5 score (MRI-guided: 80%; standard: 57%). Hyperpolarised gas MRI-guided BT reduced the number of radiofrequency activations, and resulted in asthma quality of life and control improvements at 12 months that were non-inferior to standard BT.
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2021-09-27
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2827830-6
    ISSN 2312-0541
    ISSN 2312-0541
    DOI 10.1183/23120541.00268-2021
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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