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Artikel ; Online: Predictor Variables Associated With Dermatology Referral Completion and the Impact on Surgical Treatment: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Lai, Jonathan / Bao, Aaron / McCaffrey, Tara / Salman, Rumsha / Gelderen, Evelien V / Rizk, Emanuelle / Thompson, Katherine G / Epstein, Jeremy A / Bibee, Kristin / Scott, Jeffrey

Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.

2023 Band 50, Heft 1, Seite(n) 28–34

Abstract: Background: Delays or failure to complete a dermatologic referral may affect health care outcomes. Factors associated with these delays remain understudied.: Objective: This study investigated socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with ... ...

Abstract	Background: Delays or failure to complete a dermatologic referral may affect health care outcomes. Factors associated with these delays remain understudied. Objective: This study investigated socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with delays or failure to complete dermatology referrals and potential impact on surgical outcomes. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed for 400 patients internally referred to an academic dermatology center from 19 primary-care clinics from July 2018 to June 2019. Only patients referred after an in-person primary-care visit in which the provider documented a specific concerning lesion were included. Multivariate analyses were performed to explore variables associated with delays or failure to complete dermatology referrals. Results: Patients were more likely to complete their referral if they had a personal history (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 7.843, 95% CI 1.383-14.304) or family history (aOR = 11.307, 95% CI 2.344-20.27) of skin cancer. Patients were more likely to delay referral completion past 30 days if they were ages 18 to 34 (aOR = 6.665, 95% CI 1.285-12.044) and less likely to delay referral past 30 days if they had a previous history of skin cancer (aOR = 0.531, 95% CI 0.181-0.882). Limitations: Single institution, retrospective study, limited surgical patients. Conclusion: Understanding factors associated with delays in dermatology referral completion can help identify at-risk patient populations.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Dermatology ; Skin Neoplasms/surgery ; Risk Factors ; Referral and Consultation
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2023-11-08
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1227586-4
ISSN	1524-4725 ; 1076-0512
ISSN (online)	1524-4725
ISSN	1076-0512
DOI	10.1097/DSS.0000000000003989
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Effects of PROtein enriched MEDiterranean Diet and EXercise on nutritional status and cognition in adults at risk of undernutrition and cognitive decline: the PROMED-EX Randomised Controlled Trial.

Ward, Nicola Ann / Reid-McCann, Rachel / Brennan, Lorraine / Cardwell, Christopher R / de Groot, Cpgm / Maggi, Stefania / McCaffrey, Noel / McGuinness, Bernadette / McKinley, Michelle C / Noale, Marianna / O'Neill, Roisin F / Prinelli, Federica / Sergi, Giuseppe / Trevisan, Caterina / Volkert, Dorothee / Woodside, Jayne V / McEvoy, Claire T

BMJ open

2023 Band 13, Heft 10, Seite(n) e070689

Abstract: Introduction: Undernutrition leading to unplanned weight loss is common in older age and has been linked to increased dementia risk in later life. Weight loss can precede dementia by a decade or more, providing a unique opportunity for early ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Undernutrition leading to unplanned weight loss is common in older age and has been linked to increased dementia risk in later life. Weight loss can precede dementia by a decade or more, providing a unique opportunity for early intervention to correct undernutrition and potentially prevent or delay cognitive impairment. The combined effects of diet and exercise on undernutrition have not yet been evaluated. The objective of this trial is to determine the effect of a protein-enriched Mediterranean diet, with and without exercise, on nutritional status and cognitive performance in older adults at risk of undernutrition and cognitive decline. Methods: One hundred and five participants aged 60 years and over at risk of undernutrition and with subjective cognitive decline will be recruited to participate in a 6-month, single-blind, parallel-group randomised controlled trial. Participants will be block randomised into one of three groups: group 1-PROMED-EX (diet+exercise), group 2-PROMED (diet only) and group 3-standard care (control). The primary outcome is nutritional status measured using the Mini Nutritional Assessment. Secondary outcomes include cognitive function, nutritional intake, body composition, physical function and quality of life. Mechanistic pathways for potential diet and exercise-induced change in nutritional status and cognition will be explored by measuring inflammatory, metabolic, nutritional and metabolomic biomarkers. Ethics and dissemination: The study is approved by the UK Office for Research Ethics Committee (ref: 21/NW/0215). Written informed consent will be obtained from participants prior to recruitment. Research results will be disseminated to the public via meetings and media and the scientific community through conference presentations and publication in academic journals. Trial registration number: ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT05166564).
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Humans ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Nutritional Status ; Diet, Mediterranean ; Quality of Life ; Single-Blind Method ; Cognitive Dysfunction/prevention & control ; Cognition ; Proteins ; Dementia ; Malnutrition/prevention & control ; Weight Loss
Chemische Substanzen	Proteins
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2023-10-25
Erscheinungsland	England
Dokumenttyp	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2599832-8
ISSN	2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
ISSN (online)	2044-6055
ISSN	2044-6055
DOI	10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070689
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel: Drivers of symbiont diversity in freshwater snails: a comparative analysis of resource availability, community heterogeneity, and colonization opportunities

McCaffrey, Keegan / Pieter T. J. Johnson

Oecologia. 2017 Apr., v. 183, no. 4

2017

Abstract: Decades of community ecology research have highlighted the importance of resource availability, habitat heterogeneity, and colonization opportunities in driving biodiversity. Less clear, however, is whether a similar suite of factors explains the ... ...

Abstract	Decades of community ecology research have highlighted the importance of resource availability, habitat heterogeneity, and colonization opportunities in driving biodiversity. Less clear, however, is whether a similar suite of factors explains the diversity of symbionts. Here, we used a hierarchical dataset involving 12,712 freshwater snail hosts representing five species to test the relative importance of potential factors in driving symbiont richness. Specifically, we used model selection to assess the explanatory power of variables related to host species identity, resource availability (average body size, host density), ecological heterogeneity (richness of hosts and other taxa), and colonization opportunities (wetland size and amount of neighboring wetland area) on symbiont richness in 146 snail host populations in California, USA. We encountered a total of 23 taxa of symbionts, including both obligatory parasites such as digenetic trematodes as well as more commensal, mutualistic, or opportunistic groups such as aquatic insect larvae, annelids, and leeches. After validating richness estimates per host population using species accumulative curves, we detected positive effects on symbiont richness from host body size, total richness of the aquatic community, and colonization opportunities. Neither snail density nor the richness of snail species accounted for significant variation in symbiont diversity. Host species identity also affected symbiont richness, with higher gamma and average alpha diversity among more common host species with higher local abundances. These findings highlight the importance of multiple, concurrent factors in driving symbiont richness that extend beyond epidemiological measures of host abundance or host diversity alone.
Schlagwörter	Hirudinea ; Trematoda ; aquatic insects ; body size ; data collection ; habitats ; hosts ; insect larvae ; models ; parasites ; snails ; species diversity ; symbionts ; wetlands ; California
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsverlauf	2017-04
Umfang	p. 927-938.
Erscheinungsort	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Dokumenttyp	Artikel
ZDB-ID	123369-5
ISSN	1432-1939 ; 0029-8549
ISSN (online)	1432-1939
ISSN	0029-8549
DOI	10.1007/s00442-016-3795-y
Datenquelle	NAL Katalog (AGRICOLA)

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Artikel: No Unique Scaling Law for Igneous Dikes

Gill, S. P. A. / Walker, R. J. / McCaffrey, K. J. W. / Greenfield, C.

Journal of geophysical research. 2022 Sept., v. 127, no. 9

2022

Abstract: ... a significant issue arises in that derived KIC=300to3000MPam ${K}_{IC}=300\,\mathrm{t}\mathrm{o}\,3000\,\mathrm ...

Abstract	In linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM), veins, dikes, and sills grow in length when the stress intensity factor KI ${K}_{I}$ at the tip reaches a critical value: the host rock fracture toughness KIc ${K}_{Ic}$. This criterion is applied broadly in LEFM models for crack growth and it is often assumed that the pressure inside the crack is uniform. When applied to intrusion length versus thickness scaling, a significant issue arises in that derived KIC=300to3000MPam ${K}_{IC}=300\,\mathrm{t}\mathrm{o}\,3000\,\mathrm{M}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{a}\,\sqrt{m}$, which is about 100–1,000 times that of measured KIc ${K}_{Ic}$ values for rocks at upper crustal depths. The same scaling relationships applied to comparatively short mineral vein data gives KIc<10MPam ${K}_{Ic}< 10\,\mathrm{M}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{a}\,\sqrt{m}$, approaching the expected range. Here we propose that intrusions preserve non‐equilibrated pressures as cracks controlled by kinetics, and therefore cannot be treated in continuum with fracture‐controlled constant pressure (equilibrium) structures such as veins, or many types of scaled analogue model. Early stages of dike growth (inflation) give rise to increasing length and thickness, but magma pressure gradients within intrusions may serve to drive late‐stage lengthening at the expense of maximum thickness (relaxation). For cracks in 2D, we find that intrusion scaling in non‐equilibrium growth is controlled by the magma injection rate and initial dike scaling, effective (2D) host rock modulus, magma viscosity and cooling rate, which are different for all individual intrusions and sets of intrusions. A solidified intrusion can therefore achieve its final dimensions via many routes, with relaxation acting as a potentially significant factor, hence there is no unique scaling law for dike intrusions.
Schlagwörter	geophysics ; inflation ; mechanics ; models ; research ; viscosity
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsverlauf	2022-09
Erscheinungsort	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Dokumenttyp	Artikel
Anmerkung	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN	2169-9313
DOI	10.1029/2022JB024120
Datenquelle	NAL Katalog (AGRICOLA)

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Artikel ; Online: Detecting Physiological Responses Using Multimodal Earbud Sensors.

Rahman, Md Mahbubur / Xu, Xuhai / Nathan, Viswam / Ahmed, Tousif / Ahmed, Mohsin Yusuf / McCaffrey, Dan / Kuang, Jilong / Cowell, Trevor / Moore, Julia / Mendes, Wendy Berry / Gao, Jun Alex

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference

2022 Band 2022, Seite(n) 1–5

Abstract: Continuous stress exposure negatively impacts mental and physical well-being. Physiological arousal due to stress affects heartbeat frequency, changes breathing pattern and peripheral temperature, among several other bodily responses. Traditionally ... ...

Abstract	Continuous stress exposure negatively impacts mental and physical well-being. Physiological arousal due to stress affects heartbeat frequency, changes breathing pattern and peripheral temperature, among several other bodily responses. Traditionally stress detection is performed by collecting signals such as electrocardiogram (ECG), respiration, and skin conductance response using uncomfortable sensors such as a chestband. In this study, we use earbuds that passively measure photoplethysmography (PPG), core body temperature, and inertial measurements. We have conducted a lab study exposing 18 participants to an evaluated speech task and additional tasks aimed at increasing stress or promoting relaxation. We simultaneously collected PPG, ECG, impedance cardiography (ICG), and blood pressure using laboratory grade equipment as reference measurements. We show that the earbud PPG sensor can reliably capture heart rate and heart rate variability. We further show that earbud signals can be used to classify the physiological responses associated with stress with 91.30% recall, 80.52% precision, and 85.12% F1-score using a random forest classifier with leave-one-subject-out cross-validation. The accuracy can further be improved through multi-modal sensing. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of using earbuds for passively monitoring users' physiological responses.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Blood Pressure ; Cardiography, Impedance ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Photoplethysmography
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2022-09-09
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ISSN	2694-0604
ISSN (online)	2694-0604
DOI	10.1109/EMBC48229.2022.9871569
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel ; Online: Effects of PROtein enriched MEDiterranean Diet and EXercise on nutritional status and cognition in adults at risk of undernutrition and cognitive decline

Bernadette Mcguinness / Jayne V Woodside / Noel McCaffrey / Michelle C McKinley / Dorothee Volkert / Christopher R Cardwell / Giuseppe Sergi / Stefania Maggi / Caterina Trevisan / Marianna Noale / Nicola Ann Ward / Rachel Reid-McCann / Lorraine Brennan / CPGM de Groot / Roisin F O'Neill / Federica Prinelli / Claire T McEvoy

BMJ Open, Vol 13, Iss

the PROMED-EX Randomised Controlled Trial.

2023 Band 10

Abstract: Introduction Undernutrition leading to unplanned weight loss is common in older age and has been linked to increased dementia risk in later life. Weight loss can precede dementia by a decade or more, providing a unique opportunity for early intervention ... ...

Abstract	Introduction Undernutrition leading to unplanned weight loss is common in older age and has been linked to increased dementia risk in later life. Weight loss can precede dementia by a decade or more, providing a unique opportunity for early intervention to correct undernutrition and potentially prevent or delay cognitive impairment. The combined effects of diet and exercise on undernutrition have not yet been evaluated. The objective of this trial is to determine the effect of a protein-enriched Mediterranean diet, with and without exercise, on nutritional status and cognitive performance in older adults at risk of undernutrition and cognitive decline.Methods One hundred and five participants aged 60 years and over at risk of undernutrition and with subjective cognitive decline will be recruited to participate in a 6-month, single-blind, parallel-group randomised controlled trial. Participants will be block randomised into one of three groups: group 1—PROMED-EX (diet+exercise), group 2—PROMED (diet only) and group 3—standard care (control). The primary outcome is nutritional status measured using the Mini Nutritional Assessment. Secondary outcomes include cognitive function, nutritional intake, body composition, physical function and quality of life. Mechanistic pathways for potential diet and exercise-induced change in nutritional status and cognition will be explored by measuring inflammatory, metabolic, nutritional and metabolomic biomarkers.Ethics and dissemination The study is approved by the UK Office for Research Ethics Committee (ref: 21/NW/0215). Written informed consent will be obtained from participants prior to recruitment. Research results will be disseminated to the public via meetings and media and the scientific community through conference presentations and publication in academic journals.Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT05166564).
Schlagwörter	Medicine ; R
Thema/Rubrik (Code)	120
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2023-10-01T00:00:00Z
Verlag	BMJ Publishing Group
Dokumenttyp	Artikel ; Online
Datenquelle	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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Artikel ; Online: Multicenter expanded access program for access to investigational products for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Neel, Dylan V / Baselga-Garriga, Clara / Benson, Molly / Keegan, Mackenzie / Chase, Marianne / D'Agostino, Derek / Drake, Kristin / Hagar, Jennifer Linn / Hasenoehrl, Meredith Gibbons / Kulesa-Kelley, Jennifer / Leite, Alex / Mohapatra, Silpa / Portaro, Susanna Marie / Pothier, Lindsay M / Rosenthal, Jesse / Sherman, Alexander V / Yu, Hong / McCaffrey, Alexandra / Ho, Doreen /

Luppino, Sarah / Bedlack, Richard / Heitzman, Daragh / Ajroud-Driss, Senda / Katz, Jonathan / Felice, Kevin / Whitaker, Charles / Ladha, Shafeeq / Alameda, Gustavo / Locatelli, Eduardo / Qureshi, Irfan A / Hotchkin, Michael T / Hayden, Michael R / Cudkowicz, Merit E / Babu, Suma / Berry, James D / Paganoni, Sabrina

Muscle & nerve

2024

Abstract: Introduction/aims: Expanded access (EA) is a Food and Drug Administration-regulated pathway to provide access to investigational products (IPs) to individuals with serious diseases who are ineligible for clinical trials. The aim of this report is to ... ...

Abstract	Introduction/aims: Expanded access (EA) is a Food and Drug Administration-regulated pathway to provide access to investigational products (IPs) to individuals with serious diseases who are ineligible for clinical trials. The aim of this report is to share the design and operations of a multicenter, multidrug EA program for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) across nine US centers. Methods: A central coordination center was established to design and conduct the program. Templated documents and processes were developed to streamline study design, regulatory submissions, and clinical operations across protocols. The program included three protocols and provided access to IPs that were being tested in respective regimens of the HEALEY ALS Platform Trial (verdiperstat, CNM-Au8, and pridopidine). Clinical and safety data were collected in all EA protocols (EAPs). The program cohorts comprised participants who were not eligible for the platform trial, including participants at advanced stages of disease progression and with long disease duration. Results: A total of 85 participants were screened across the 3 EAPs from July 2021 to September 2022. The screen failure rate was 3.5%. Enrollment for the regimens of the platform trial was completed as planned and results informed the duration of the corresponding EAP. The verdiperstat EAP was concluded in December 2022. Mean duration of participation in the verdiperstat EAP was 5.8 ± 4.1 months. The CNM-Au8 and pridopidine EAPs are ongoing. Discussion: Multicenter EAPs conducted in parallel to randomized clinical trials for ALS can successfully enroll participants who do not qualify for clinical trials.
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2024-06-06
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	438353-9
ISSN	1097-4598 ; 0148-639X
ISSN (online)	1097-4598
ISSN	0148-639X
DOI	10.1002/mus.28169
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Artikel: P70 Hands-On Culinary Education Program for Youth Improves Cooking Skills, Attitudes, Self-Efficacy, Behaviors, and Food Preferences

Metcalfe, Jessica / Fiese, Barbara / McCaffrey, Jennifer

Journal of nutrition education and behavior. 2019 July, Aug., v. 51, no. 7

2019

Abstract: ... significant improvements pre- to post-intervention in cooking self-efficacy (t(590) = 18.63, P < .001 ... cooking attitudes (t(590) = 7.12, P < .001), fruit and vegetable preferences (t(590) = 5.81, P < .001 ... and cooking behaviors (t(590) = 3.38, P = .001). Pre- to post-intervention analyses of observational ...

Abstract	Evaluate the impact of a revised version of the Illinois Junior Chefs (IJC) program using pre- and post-intervention surveys and observational assessments of hands-on cooking skills.To date, evaluations of nutrition education and cooking programs in youth have been limited to self-reported assessments of cooking skills. Along with using an established IJC survey, this study developed a novel observational protocol to assess hands-on cooking skills in youth.Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program - Education (SNAP-Ed) eligible youth (n = 591) aged 8-13.IJC is a hands-on culinary and nutrition education program implemented by the University of Illinois Office of Extension and Outreach. IJC is taught over five 2-hour lessons which include nutrition education, culinary skill building activities, recipe preparation, and food tastings.Pre- and post-intervention evaluations assessed hands-on cooking skills (observational assessment, n = 37) and psychosocial predictors of dietary behaviors (IJC survey, n = 591).Analyses of surveys indicated participants experienced significant improvements pre- to post-intervention in cooking self-efficacy (t(590) = 18.63, P < .001), cooking attitudes (t(590) = 7.12, P < .001), fruit and vegetable preferences (t(590) = 5.81, P < .001), and cooking behaviors (t(590) = 3.38, P = .001). Pre- to post-intervention analyses of observational data indicated participants experienced significant improvements in their ability to use a peeler (t(36) = 5.11, P < .001), use a grater (t(36) = 5.62, P < .001), beat (t(36) = 5.05, P < .001) and fold (t(36) = 6.67, P < .001) ingredients, measure water (t(36) = 2.47, P = .018), sugar (t(36) = 4.02, P < .001), and flour (t(36) = 7.07, P < .001), and crack eggs (t(36) = 2.70, P = .010).IJC participants experienced significant improvements in cooking self-efficacy, attitudes, behaviors, and food preferences. The observational assessment was established as a feasible data collection method which demonstrated significant improvements in youth participants’ cooking skills.SNAP-Ed, USDA, EFNEP, 4-H Foundation.
Schlagwörter	attitudes and opinions ; chefs ; cooking ; culinary science ; data collection ; education programs ; eggs ; Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program ; flour ; food choices ; fruits ; ingredients ; nutrition education ; observational studies ; outreach ; peelers ; self-efficacy ; sugars ; surveys ; USDA ; vegetables ; youth ; Illinois
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsverlauf	2019-07
Umfang	p. S64.
Erscheinungsort	Elsevier Inc.
Dokumenttyp	Artikel
ZDB-ID	2080501-9
ISSN	1708-8259 ; 1499-4046
ISSN (online)	1708-8259
ISSN	1499-4046
DOI	10.1016/j.jneb.2019.05.446
Datenquelle	NAL Katalog (AGRICOLA)

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Artikel: Technical Assistance is Related to Improvements in the Food Pantry Consumer Nutrition Environment

Nikolaus, Cassandra J. / Kownacki, Caitlin / Darvesh, Zaheeda / McCaffrey, Jennifer

Journal of nutrition education and behavior. 2021 Sept., v. 53, no. 9

2021

Abstract: ... preassessment and postassessment.Score differences were evaluated with paired t tests.In the pilot phase ...

Abstract	To assess changes in food pantries’ consumer nutrition environment (CNE) after the provision of technical assistance.Pre-post study with 2 phases.Staff completed observational assessments using the Nutrition Environment Food Pantry Assessment Tool (NEFPAT) at food pantries in an initial pilot phase. Then, staff conducted NEFPAT observations at pantries in Illinois statewide.In the pilot phase, 6 staff assessed 28 pantries. In the statewide phase, 35 staff assessed 119 pantries.After completing an initial NEFPAT at each pantry, technical assistance was provided by staff to support changes in the pantries’ CNE before another NEFPAT observation was completed.Changes in the CNE, as assessed with the NEFPAT, when comparing preassessment and postassessment.Score differences were evaluated with paired t tests.In the pilot phase, among 23 pantries with preassessment and postassessment data, 2 objectives on the NEFPAT observation increased significantly. In the statewide phase, among 66 pantries with preassessment and postassessment data, most NEFPAT objectives and the overall NEFPAT score (22.12 ± 8.16 vs 28.20 ± 7.14, P < 0.001) significantly increased.Technical assistance provided by Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education implementing staff were related to improvements in the CNE of food pantries in Illinois. Future work should evaluate the association of these CNE changes with changes in behavior among pantry patrons.
Schlagwörter	Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program ; behavior ; food pantries ; nutrition education ; Illinois
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsverlauf	2021-09
Umfang	p. 742-750.
Erscheinungsort	Elsevier Inc.
Dokumenttyp	Artikel
ZDB-ID	2080501-9
ISSN	1708-8259 ; 1499-4046
ISSN (online)	1708-8259
ISSN	1499-4046
DOI	10.1016/j.jneb.2021.05.005
Datenquelle	NAL Katalog (AGRICOLA)

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Artikel: Evaluation of the thyroid nodule.

McCaffrey, T V

Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer Center

2000 Band 7, Heft 3, Seite(n) 223–228

Abstract: Background: Clinically detectable thyroid nodules occur in up to 4% of the population in the United States. With ultrasound, nodules may be found in up to 50% of those over 50 years of age.: Methods: The author reviews his own experience as well as ... ...

Abstract	Background: Clinically detectable thyroid nodules occur in up to 4% of the population in the United States. With ultrasound, nodules may be found in up to 50% of those over 50 years of age. Methods: The author reviews his own experience as well as that of others to define a sound clinical approach to the differential diagnosis and detection of thyroid cancer. Results: Prior neck irradiation is a risk factor for thyroid malignancy. The association of a thyroid nodule with enlarged lymph nodes or fixation of the nodule to strap muscles or the trachea suggests malignancy. A diffusely multinodular gland is usually benign. Conclusions: Thyroid function tests rarely help a differential diagnosis. Fine-needle aspiration is the "gold standard" for diagnosis. Tiny "incidentalomas" are often followed with repeat monitoring for change of size or character.
Mesh-Begriff(e)	Biopsy, Needle ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Physical Examination ; Risk Factors ; Thyroid Function Tests ; Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology ; Thyroid Nodule/diagnosis ; Thyroid Nodule/pathology
Sprache	Englisch
Erscheinungsdatum	2000-05
Erscheinungsland	United States
Dokumenttyp	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1328503-8
ISSN	1526-2359 ; 1073-2748
ISSN (online)	1526-2359
ISSN	1073-2748
Datenquelle	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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