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  1. Artikel: Traditional therapists in Ebola virus disease outbreak response: Lessons learned from the fight against the Ebola virus disease epidemic in North Kivu and Ituri, Democratic Republic of the Congo.

    Onyeneho, Nkechi G / Aronu, Ngozi Idemili / Igwe, Ijeoma / Okeibunor, Joseph / Diarra, Tieman / Anoko, Julienne Ngoudougou / Djingarey, Mamoudou Harouna / Yoti, Zabulon

    Journal of immunological sciences

    2024  Band Suppl 3, Seite(n) 102–112

    Abstract: Traditional healers co-exist with orthodox medicine, especially in cases with perceived supernatural causes and during outbreaks of infectious diseases like the Ebola virus disease (EVD) in the North Kivu and Ituri provinces in the Democratic Republic of ...

    Abstract Traditional healers co-exist with orthodox medicine, especially in cases with perceived supernatural causes and during outbreaks of infectious diseases like the Ebola virus disease (EVD) in the North Kivu and Ituri provinces in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). In this study, we examined the role and potential of involving traditional healers in the national response to the Ebola virus disease outbreak in the DRC. Seventeen community leaders and 20 traditional healers were interviewed. The traditional healers managed symptoms with herbs and were not inclined to refer cases to orthodox healthcare facilities because of their confidence in their ability to handle cases with supernatural causes. The community leaders attested to the acceptance of the traditional healers in the communities, which they attributed to the efficacy of traditional healing, its uncomplicated treatment process, cause of the prolonged cough, as well as cost and the need for secrecy. Traditional healers can be educated to promptly refer cases to Ebola treatment centers for timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2024-01-11
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    DOI 10.29245/2578-3009/2023/S3.1108
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Artikel ; Online: Out of one, many: The biodiversity considerations of polyploidy.

    Laport, Robert G / Ng, Julienne

    American journal of botany

    2017  Band 104, Heft 8, Seite(n) 1119–1121

    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2017-11-25
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp News
    ZDB-ID 2935-x
    ISSN 1537-2197 ; 0002-9122
    ISSN (online) 1537-2197
    ISSN 0002-9122
    DOI 10.3732/ajb.1700190
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Artikel ; Online: LeafMachine

    William N. Weaver / Julienne Ng / Robert G. Laport

    Applications in Plant Sciences, Vol 8, Iss 6, Pp n/a-n/a (2020)

    Using machine learning to automate leaf trait extraction from digitized herbarium specimens

    2020  

    Abstract: Premise Obtaining phenotypic data from herbarium specimens can provide important insights into plant evolution and ecology but requires significant manual effort and time. Here, we present LeafMachine, an application designed to autonomously measure ... ...

    Abstract Premise Obtaining phenotypic data from herbarium specimens can provide important insights into plant evolution and ecology but requires significant manual effort and time. Here, we present LeafMachine, an application designed to autonomously measure leaves from digitized herbarium specimens or leaf images using an ensemble of machine learning algorithms. Methods and Results We trained LeafMachine on 2685 randomly sampled specimens from 138 herbaria and evaluated its performance on specimens spanning 20 diverse families and varying widely in resolution, quality, and layout. LeafMachine successfully extracted at least one leaf measurement from 82.0% and 60.8% of high‐ and low‐resolution images, respectively. Of the unmeasured specimens, only 0.9% and 2.1% of high‐ and low‐resolution images, respectively, were visually judged to have measurable leaves. Conclusions This flexible autonomous tool has the potential to vastly increase available trait information from herbarium specimens, and inform a multitude of evolutionary and ecological studies.
    Schlagwörter computer vision ; herbarium digitization ; LeafMachine ; leaf morphology ; machine learning ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Botany ; QK1-989
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 590
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag Wiley
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  4. Artikel: LeafMachine: Using machine learning to automate leaf trait extraction from digitized herbarium specimens.

    Weaver, William N / Ng, Julienne / Laport, Robert G

    Applications in plant sciences

    2020  Band 8, Heft 6, Seite(n) e11367

    Abstract: Premise: Obtaining phenotypic data from herbarium specimens can provide important insights into plant evolution and ecology but requires significant manual effort and time. Here, we present LeafMachine, an application designed to autonomously measure ... ...

    Abstract Premise: Obtaining phenotypic data from herbarium specimens can provide important insights into plant evolution and ecology but requires significant manual effort and time. Here, we present LeafMachine, an application designed to autonomously measure leaves from digitized herbarium specimens or leaf images using an ensemble of machine learning algorithms.
    Methods and results: We trained LeafMachine on 2685 randomly sampled specimens from 138 herbaria and evaluated its performance on specimens spanning 20 diverse families and varying widely in resolution, quality, and layout. LeafMachine successfully extracted at least one leaf measurement from 82.0% and 60.8% of high- and low-resolution images, respectively. Of the unmeasured specimens, only 0.9% and 2.1% of high- and low-resolution images, respectively, were visually judged to have measurable leaves.
    Conclusions: This flexible autonomous tool has the potential to vastly increase available trait information from herbarium specimens, and inform a multitude of evolutionary and ecological studies.
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2020-07-01
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2699923-7
    ISSN 2168-0450
    ISSN 2168-0450
    DOI 10.1002/aps3.11367
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  5. Artikel ; Online: Why are red flowers so rare? Testing the macroevolutionary causes of tippiness.

    Ng, Julienne / Smith, Stacey D

    Journal of evolutionary biology

    2018  Band 31, Heft 12, Seite(n) 1863–1875

    Abstract: Traits that have arisen multiple times yet still remain rare present a curious paradox. A number of these rare traits show a distinct tippy pattern, where they appear widely dispersed across a phylogeny, are associated with short branches and differ ... ...

    Abstract Traits that have arisen multiple times yet still remain rare present a curious paradox. A number of these rare traits show a distinct tippy pattern, where they appear widely dispersed across a phylogeny, are associated with short branches and differ between recently diverged sister species. This phylogenetic pattern has classically been attributed to the trait being an evolutionary dead end, where the trait arises due to some short-term evolutionary advantage, but it ultimately leads species to extinction. While the higher extinction rate associated with a dead end trait could produce such a tippy pattern, a similar pattern could appear if lineages with the trait speciated slower than other lineages, or if the trait was lost more often that it was gained. In this study, we quantify the degree of tippiness of red flowers in the tomato family, Solanaceae, and investigate the macroevolutionary processes that could explain the sparse phylogenetic distribution of this trait. Using a suite of metrics, we confirm that red-flowered lineages are significantly overdispersed across the tree and form smaller clades than expected under a null model. Next, we fit 22 alternative models using HiSSE (Hidden State Speciation and Extinction), which accommodates asymmetries in speciation, extinction and transition rates that depend on observed and unobserved (hidden) character states. Results of the model fitting indicated significant variation in diversification rates across the family, which is best explained by the inclusion of hidden states. Our best fitting model differs between the maximum clade credibility tree and when incorporating phylogenetic uncertainty, suggesting that the extreme tippiness and rarity of red Solanaceae flowers makes it difficult to distinguish among different underlying processes. However, both of the best models strongly support a bias towards the loss of red flowers. The best fitting HiSSE model when incorporating phylogenetic uncertainty lends some support to the hypothesis that lineages with red flowers exhibit reduced diversification rates due to elevated extinction rates. Future studies employing simulations or targeting population-level processes may allow us to determine whether red flowers in Solanaceae or other angiosperms clades are rare and tippy due to a combination of processes, or asymmetrical transitions alone.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Biological Evolution ; Extinction, Biological ; Flowers ; Genetic Speciation ; Genetic Variation ; Models, Biological ; Pigmentation ; Solanaceae/genetics ; Solanaceae/physiology
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2018-10-31
    Erscheinungsland Switzerland
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 1465318-7
    ISSN 1420-9101 ; 1010-061X
    ISSN (online) 1420-9101
    ISSN 1010-061X
    DOI 10.1111/jeb.13381
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  6. Artikel: LeafMachine: Using machine learning to automate leaf trait extraction from digitized herbarium specimens

    Weaver, William N. / Ng, Julienne / Laport, Robert G.

    Applications in plant sciences. 2020 June, v. 8, no. 6

    2020  

    Abstract: PREMISE: Obtaining phenotypic data from herbarium specimens can provide important insights into plant evolution and ecology but requires significant manual effort and time. Here, we present LeafMachine, an application designed to autonomously measure ... ...

    Abstract PREMISE: Obtaining phenotypic data from herbarium specimens can provide important insights into plant evolution and ecology but requires significant manual effort and time. Here, we present LeafMachine, an application designed to autonomously measure leaves from digitized herbarium specimens or leaf images using an ensemble of machine learning algorithms. METHODS AND RESULTS: We trained LeafMachine on 2685 randomly sampled specimens from 138 herbaria and evaluated its performance on specimens spanning 20 diverse families and varying widely in resolution, quality, and layout. LeafMachine successfully extracted at least one leaf measurement from 82.0% and 60.8% of high‐ and low‐resolution images, respectively. Of the unmeasured specimens, only 0.9% and 2.1% of high‐ and low‐resolution images, respectively, were visually judged to have measurable leaves. CONCLUSIONS: This flexible autonomous tool has the potential to vastly increase available trait information from herbarium specimens, and inform a multitude of evolutionary and ecological studies.
    Schlagwörter ecology ; evolution ; herbaria ; leaves ; phenotype
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf 2020-06
    Erscheinungsort John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Dokumenttyp Artikel
    Anmerkung JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 2699923-7
    ISSN 2168-0450
    ISSN 2168-0450
    DOI 10.1002/aps3.11367
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  7. Artikel: Why are red flowers so rare? Testing the macroevolutionary causes of tippiness

    Ng, Julienne / Stacey D. Smith

    Journal of evolutionary biology. 2018 Dec., v. 31, no. 12

    2018  

    Abstract: Traits that have arisen multiple times yet still remain rare present a curious paradox. A number of these rare traits show a distinct tippy pattern, where they appear widely dispersed across a phylogeny, are associated with short branches and differ ... ...

    Abstract Traits that have arisen multiple times yet still remain rare present a curious paradox. A number of these rare traits show a distinct tippy pattern, where they appear widely dispersed across a phylogeny, are associated with short branches and differ between recently diverged sister species. This phylogenetic pattern has classically been attributed to the trait being an evolutionary dead end, where the trait arises due to some short‐term evolutionary advantage, but it ultimately leads species to extinction. While the higher extinction rate associated with a dead end trait could produce such a tippy pattern, a similar pattern could appear if lineages with the trait speciated slower than other lineages, or if the trait was lost more often that it was gained. In this study, we quantify the degree of tippiness of red flowers in the tomato family, Solanaceae, and investigate the macroevolutionary processes that could explain the sparse phylogenetic distribution of this trait. Using a suite of metrics, we confirm that red‐flowered lineages are significantly overdispersed across the tree and form smaller clades than expected under a null model. Next, we fit 22 alternative models using HiSSE (Hidden State Speciation and Extinction), which accommodates asymmetries in speciation, extinction and transition rates that depend on observed and unobserved (hidden) character states. Results of the model fitting indicated significant variation in diversification rates across the family, which is best explained by the inclusion of hidden states. Our best fitting model differs between the maximum clade credibility tree and when incorporating phylogenetic uncertainty, suggesting that the extreme tippiness and rarity of red Solanaceae flowers makes it difficult to distinguish among different underlying processes. However, both of the best models strongly support a bias towards the loss of red flowers. The best fitting HiSSE model when incorporating phylogenetic uncertainty lends some support to the hypothesis that lineages with red flowers exhibit reduced diversification rates due to elevated extinction rates. Future studies employing simulations or targeting population‐level processes may allow us to determine whether red flowers in Solanaceae or other angiosperms clades are rare and tippy due to a combination of processes, or asymmetrical transitions alone.
    Schlagwörter extinction ; flowers ; models ; phylogeny ; Solanaceae ; tomatoes ; uncertainty
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf 2018-12
    Umfang p. 1863-1875.
    Erscheinungsort John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Dokumenttyp Artikel
    Anmerkung JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 1465318-7
    ISSN 1420-9101 ; 1010-061X
    ISSN (online) 1420-9101
    ISSN 1010-061X
    DOI 10.1111/jeb.13381
    Datenquelle NAL Katalog (AGRICOLA)

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  8. Artikel: Remnant American Chestnut (Castanea dentata) Near the Historical Western Range Limit in Southwestern Tennessee

    Laport, Robert G / Smith, David / Ng, Julienne

    Castanea. 2020 July 31, v. 85, no. 2

    2020  

    Abstract: The American chestnut (Castanea dentata) was once widespread in eastern North America and an ecologically important hardwood tree of deciduous forest communities prior to its near-eradication by chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica). Remnant ... ...

    Abstract The American chestnut (Castanea dentata) was once widespread in eastern North America and an ecologically important hardwood tree of deciduous forest communities prior to its near-eradication by chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica). Remnant populations occur across much of its historical range, especially in older forests of the Appalachians and northeastern U.S. However, broad swaths of the southwestern portion of the species' historical range remain poorly documented, potentially limiting the representation of genetic variation important for local adaptation in restoration efforts. Ongoing discovery and life-history characterization efforts for remnant C. dentata remains a priority to better understand the distribution and ecological status of this once important species, while identifying potential genetic sources of locally adapted or blight resistant trees. Here, we report the discovery of 22 C. dentata at four sites in southwestern Tennessee, adding novel observations that extend the range of known extant occurrences to the extreme western edge of the historical distribution in Fayette County. These observations include potentially reproductive individuals that should be revisited to assess reproductive and blight status, and that should be evaluated for current germplasm collection and restoration efforts.
    Schlagwörter Castanea dentata ; Cryphonectria parasitica ; blight ; chestnut blight ; deciduous forests ; genetic variation ; germplasm conservation ; hardwood ; life history ; trees ; Northeastern United States ; Tennessee
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf 2020-0731
    Umfang p. 232-243.
    Erscheinungsort Southern Appalachian Botanical Society
    Dokumenttyp Artikel
    Anmerkung NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 951570-7
    ISSN 0008-7475
    ISSN 0008-7475
    DOI 10.2179/0008-7475.85.2.232
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  9. Artikel: The Impact of the Ebola Virus Disease Epidemic among Women in the Provinces of North Kivu and Ituri in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

    Onyeneho, Nkechi G / Aronu, Ngozi Idemili / Igwe, Ijeoma / Okeibunor, Joseph / Diarra, Tieman / Anoko, Julienne Ngoudougou / Djingarey, Mamoudou Harouna / Yoti, Zabulon / Chamla, Dick / Gueye, Abdou Salam

    Journal of immunological sciences

    2024  Band Suppl 3, Seite(n) 11–19

    Abstract: Although an outbreak of the Ebola virus disease affects an entire population, women are more susceptible to the virus than men. Throughout the outbreaks of the Ebola virus disease in Central and West Africa, women have been impacted more significantly. ... ...

    Abstract Although an outbreak of the Ebola virus disease affects an entire population, women are more susceptible to the virus than men. Throughout the outbreaks of the Ebola virus disease in Central and West Africa, women have been impacted more significantly. Generally, over half of those who become ill are women. The situation is the same in terms of mortality. Further, the outcomes of the epidemic negatively affect women socially, as many become the heads of households following the loss of their spouses, which burdens them with new responsibilities. Women's access to health services is also lowered, as the epidemic usually leads to fewer healthcare workers, impacting gynecological assistance. Consequently, women are more exposed to health problems, particularly during pregnancy. Several factors contribute to the greater exposure of women to the Ebola virus disease during an epidemic. First, female healthcare workers are at the frontline of the fight against the virus. Second, women's duties in the domestic context increase their exposure to contamination, as they look after children and care for sick household members. Finally, women are responsible for several community duties such as public tasks and rituals. In the case of rituals, women undertake tasks such as undressing, washing, and dressing the deceased. Likewise, they engage in agricultural work and grocery shopping locally, as well as at cross-border markets. They also manage domestic chores such as fetching water in public places. Additionally, women have less access to information on the disease and its prevention and are thus more vulnerable. However, women's vulnerability is less visible, since information on the epidemic and response is not gender specific. This is true for the number of suspected cases, confirmed cases, vaccinated people, alerts, contacts, contacts followed up, and screened travelers. It is therefore crucial to highlight the importance of gender in the response to the Ebola virus disease epidemic, as women are the primary victims.
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2024-01-25
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    DOI 10.29245/2578-3009/2023/S3.1103
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  10. Artikel ; Online: Environmental Niche and Demographic Modeling of American Chestnut near its Southwestern Range Limit

    Laport, Robert G. / Brookover, Zoe S. / Christman, Brian D. / Julienne, NG / Philley, Kevin / Craddock, J. Hill

    The American Midland Naturalist. 2022 Oct. 20, v. 188, no. 2 p.137-176

    2022  

    Abstract: The unintentional introduction and rapid spread of chestnut blight (caused by Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr) in the early 20th century resulted in the demise of American chestnut (Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.; Fagaceae) as a major component ... ...

    Abstract The unintentional introduction and rapid spread of chestnut blight (caused by Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr) in the early 20th century resulted in the demise of American chestnut (Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.; Fagaceae) as a major component of forest canopies resulting in negative impacts on eastern forest communities. Research efforts over the last century have documented the persistence of occasional trees and root crown/ stump sprouts throughout much of the species' historic range, providing the basis for ongoing breeding of blight-resistant trees and restoration efforts. Here we use environmental niche modeling to investigate whether environmentally suitable habitat remains for remnant trees throughout the southwestern historical range, and to evaluate the reintroduction potential of this relatively understudied part of the historical distribution. We also use stage-structured matrix projection models to investigate the potential demographic future of C. dentata near the historical southwestern range limit based on observations of American chestnut in these areas over the last several decades. We found suitable upland habitat with areas of high forest canopy cover occurs throughout much of the southwestern portion of the historical range and that populations of American chestnut in these areas are predicted to drastically decline over the coming decades. These results highlight the continued presence of suitable C. dentata habitat throughout the southwestern extent of its historical distribution, which should be incorporated into evaluations for future reintroduction, and emphasize the need for efforts to locate, conserve, and introduce genetic material from individuals with locally adapted genotypes into active restoration programs.
    Schlagwörter Castanea dentata ; Cryphonectria parasitica ; chestnut blight ; forest canopy ; forests ; habitats ; highlands
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf 2022-1020
    Umfang p. 137-176.
    Erscheinungsort University of Notre Dame
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2052733-0
    ISSN 1938-4238 ; 0003-0031 ; 0271-6844
    ISSN (online) 1938-4238
    ISSN 0003-0031 ; 0271-6844
    DOI 10.1674/0003-0031-188.2.137
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