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  1. Artikel ; Online: Cabinet of Curiosities: Venom Systems and Their Ecological Function in Mammals, with a Focus on Primates.

    Rode-Margono, Johanna E / Nekaris, K Anne-Isola

    Toxins

    2015  Band 7, Heft 7, Seite(n) 2639–2658

    Abstract: Venom delivery systems (VDS) are common in the animal kingdom, but rare amongst mammals. New definitions of venom allow us to reconsider its diversity amongst mammals by reviewing the VDS of Chiroptera, Eulipotyphla, Monotremata, and Primates. All orders ...

    Abstract Venom delivery systems (VDS) are common in the animal kingdom, but rare amongst mammals. New definitions of venom allow us to reconsider its diversity amongst mammals by reviewing the VDS of Chiroptera, Eulipotyphla, Monotremata, and Primates. All orders use modified anterior dentition as the venom delivery apparatus, except Monotremata, which possesses a crural system. The venom gland in most taxa is a modified submaxillary salivary gland. In Primates, the saliva is activated when combined with brachial gland exudate. In Monotremata, the crural spur contains the venom duct. Venom functions include feeding, intraspecific competition, anti-predator defense and parasite defense. Including mammals in discussion of venom evolution could prove vital in our understanding protein functioning in mammals and provide a new avenue for biomedical and therapeutic applications and drug discovery.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Primates/anatomy & histology ; Primates/physiology ; Salivary Glands/anatomy & histology ; Salivary Glands/secretion ; Tooth/anatomy & histology ; Tooth/secretion ; Venoms/secretion
    Chemische Substanzen Venoms
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2015-07-17
    Erscheinungsland Switzerland
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2518395-3
    ISSN 2072-6651 ; 2072-6651
    ISSN (online) 2072-6651
    ISSN 2072-6651
    DOI 10.3390/toxins7072639
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Artikel: Ecology of Nepenthes clipeata on Gunung Kelam, Indonesian Borneo

    Mansur, Muhammad / Brearley, Francis Q. / Esseen, Philip J. / Rode-Margono, E. Johanna / Tarigan, M. Rafi’i Ma’arif

    Plant ecology & diversity. 2021 July 04, v. 14, no. 3-4

    2021  

    Abstract: Nepenthes clipeata is a Critically Endangered plant species with the population at its only location in the wild, Gunung (Mount) Kelam in Kalimantan, Indonesia, under threat – its nutrient relationships have not been studied. To improve understanding of ... ...

    Abstract Nepenthes clipeata is a Critically Endangered plant species with the population at its only location in the wild, Gunung (Mount) Kelam in Kalimantan, Indonesia, under threat – its nutrient relationships have not been studied. To improve understanding of the autecology of N. clipeata by assessing the current population and providing information on its mineral nutrient relationships. A survey was undertaken in 2019 when population numbers and habitat preferences of N. clipeata were recorded. Nutrient concentrations in soil, leaves and pitcher fluid were analysed and compared with those in other Nepenthes species. Eighteen individuals of N. clipeata were found on Gunung Kelam (only one of which was female). Seven other Nepenthes species were found and hybrids with two of these and N. clipeata were observed. Although the foliar nutrient concentrations (‘ionome’) of N. clipeata appeared distinct from that of other Nepenthes species, with N. clipeata having greater nutrient concentrations, particularly nitrogen, potassium and calcium, nitrogen limitation was still prevalent. N. clipeata still persists in the wild but with very low numbers, indicating that conservation actions are required. Along with other species of Nepenthes, it is limited by soil nitrogen concentrations although it has a distinct ionome derived from high foliar nutrient concentrations.
    Schlagwörter Borneo ; calcium ; endangered species ; females ; habitats ; ionome ; nitrogen ; plant ecology ; population ecology ; potassium ; soil ; surveys ; Indonesia
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf 2021-0704
    Umfang p. 195-204.
    Erscheinungsort Taylor & Francis
    Dokumenttyp Artikel
    ZDB-ID 2451208-4
    ISSN 1755-1668 ; 1755-0874
    ISSN (online) 1755-1668
    ISSN 1755-0874
    DOI 10.1080/17550874.2021.1984602
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  3. Artikel ; Online: First Ecological Study of the Bawean Warty Pig (Sus blouchi), One of the Rarest Pigs on Earth.

    Rademaker, Mark / Meijaard, Erik / Semiadi, Gono / Blokland, Simen / Neilson, Eric W / Rode-Margono, Eva Johanna

    PloS one

    2016  Band 11, Heft 4, Seite(n) e0151732

    Abstract: The Bawean warty pig (Sus blouchi) is an endemic pig species confined to the 192 km(2) large island of Bawean in the Java Sea, Indonesia. Due to a lack of quantitative ecological research, understanding of natural history and conservation requirements ... ...

    Abstract The Bawean warty pig (Sus blouchi) is an endemic pig species confined to the 192 km(2) large island of Bawean in the Java Sea, Indonesia. Due to a lack of quantitative ecological research, understanding of natural history and conservation requirements have so far been based solely on anecdotal information from interviews with local people and study of captive and museum specimens. In this study we provide the first assessment of population and habitat preferences for S. blouchi by using camera trapping. From the 4th of November 2014 to January 8th 2015, we placed camera traps at 100 locations in the forested protected areas on Bawean. In 690.31 camera days (16567.45 hours) we captured 92 independent videos showing S. blouchi. Variation in S. blouchi trapping rates with cumulative trap effort stabilized after 500 camera days. An important outcome is that, in contrast to the suggestion of previous assessments, only S. blouchi was detected and no S. scrofa was found, which excludes hybridization threats. We fitted a Random Encounter Model, which does not require the identification of individual animals, to our camera-trapping data and estimated 172-377 individuals to be present on the island. Activity patterns and habitat data indicate that S. blouchi is mainly nocturnal and prefers community forests and areas near forest borders. Next to this, we found a positive relationship between S. blouchi occupancy, distance to nearest border, litter depth and tree density in the highest ranking occupancy models. Although these relationships proved non-significant based on model averaging, their presence in the top ranking models suggests that these covariables do play a role in predicting S. blouchi occurrence on Bawean. The estimated amount of sites occupied reached 58%. Based on our results, especially the estimation of the population size and area of occupancy, we determine that the species is Endangered according to the IUCN/SSC Red List criteria.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Animals ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Earth (Planet) ; Ecosystem ; Indonesia ; Photography ; Population Dynamics ; Swine
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2016-04-06
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0151732
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  4. Artikel ; Online: Cabinet of Curiosities

    Johanna E. Rode-Margono / K. Anne-Isola Nekaris

    Toxins, Vol 7, Iss 7, Pp 2639-

    Venom Systems and Their Ecological Function in Mammals, with a Focus on Primates

    2015  Band 2658

    Abstract: Venom delivery systems (VDS) are common in the animal kingdom, but rare amongst mammals. New definitions of venom allow us to reconsider its diversity amongst mammals by reviewing the VDS of Chiroptera, Eulipotyphla, Monotremata, and Primates. All orders ...

    Abstract Venom delivery systems (VDS) are common in the animal kingdom, but rare amongst mammals. New definitions of venom allow us to reconsider its diversity amongst mammals by reviewing the VDS of Chiroptera, Eulipotyphla, Monotremata, and Primates. All orders use modified anterior dentition as the venom delivery apparatus, except Monotremata, which possesses a crural system. The venom gland in most taxa is a modified submaxillary salivary gland. In Primates, the saliva is activated when combined with brachial gland exudate. In Monotremata, the crural spur contains the venom duct. Venom functions include feeding, intraspecific competition, anti-predator defense and parasite defense. Including mammals in discussion of venom evolution could prove vital in our understanding protein functioning in mammals and provide a new avenue for biomedical and therapeutic applications and drug discovery.
    Schlagwörter Nycticebus ; primates ; Chiroptera ; Eulipotyphla ; Monotremata ; venom delivery system ; evolution ; Medicine ; R
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 616
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2015-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag MDPI AG
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  5. Artikel ; Online: Slow lorises use venom as a weapon in intraspecific competition.

    Nekaris, K A I / Campera, Marco / Nijman, Vincent / Birot, Hélène / Rode-Margono, Eva Johanna / Fry, Bryan Grieg / Weldon, Ariana / Wirdateti, Wirdateti / Imron, Muhammad Ali

    Current biology : CB

    2020  Band 30, Heft 20, Seite(n) R1252–R1253

    Abstract: ... for agonistic intraspecific competition (e.g. ghost shrimp, Caprella spp.; sea anemones, Actinia equina; cone ...

    Abstract Animals have evolved an array of spectacular weapons, including antlers, forceps, proboscises, stingers, tusks and horns [1]. Weapons can be present in males and females of species needing to defend critical limiting resources, including food (rhinoceros beetles, Trypoxylus) and territories (fang blennies, Meiacanthus) [1-3]. Chemicals, including sprays, ointments and injected venoms, are another defence system used by animals. As with morphological weapons, venom can serve multiple purposes, including to facilitate feeding, in predation, and in defence when attacked [4]. Although rare, several taxa use venom for agonistic intraspecific competition (e.g. ghost shrimp, Caprella spp.; sea anemones, Actinia equina; cone snails, Conidae; male platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus) [4-6]. Another group of venomous mammals are the nocturnal slow lorises (Nycticebus) [7]. Slow loris bites often result in dramatic diagnostic wounds characterised by necrotic gashes to the head and extremities. Although these bites are the major cause of death of lorises in captivity, the function of this aggressive behaviour has never been studied in the wild [7]. Here, through an 8-year study of wounding patterns, territorial behaviour, and agonistic encounters of a wild population of Javan slow lorises (Nycticebus javanicus), we provide strong evidence that venom is used differentially by both sexes to defend territories and mates. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Aggression/physiology ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Female ; Lorisidae/physiology ; Male ; Venoms/metabolism
    Chemische Substanzen Venoms
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2020-10-20
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1071731-6
    ISSN 1879-0445 ; 0960-9822
    ISSN (online) 1879-0445
    ISSN 0960-9822
    DOI 10.1016/j.cub.2020.08.084
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 3208: Hefte anzeigen Standort:
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  6. Artikel ; Online: First Ecological Study of the Bawean Warty Pig (Sus blouchi), One of the Rarest Pigs on Earth.

    Mark Rademaker / Erik Meijaard / Gono Semiadi / Simen Blokland / Eric W Neilson / Eva Johanna Rode-Margono

    PLoS ONE, Vol 11, Iss 4, p e

    2016  Band 0151732

    Abstract: The Bawean warty pig (Sus blouchi) is an endemic pig species confined to the 192 km(2) large island of Bawean in the Java Sea, Indonesia. Due to a lack of quantitative ecological research, understanding of natural history and conservation requirements ... ...

    Abstract The Bawean warty pig (Sus blouchi) is an endemic pig species confined to the 192 km(2) large island of Bawean in the Java Sea, Indonesia. Due to a lack of quantitative ecological research, understanding of natural history and conservation requirements have so far been based solely on anecdotal information from interviews with local people and study of captive and museum specimens. In this study we provide the first assessment of population and habitat preferences for S. blouchi by using camera trapping. From the 4th of November 2014 to January 8th 2015, we placed camera traps at 100 locations in the forested protected areas on Bawean. In 690.31 camera days (16567.45 hours) we captured 92 independent videos showing S. blouchi. Variation in S. blouchi trapping rates with cumulative trap effort stabilized after 500 camera days. An important outcome is that, in contrast to the suggestion of previous assessments, only S. blouchi was detected and no S. scrofa was found, which excludes hybridization threats. We fitted a Random Encounter Model, which does not require the identification of individual animals, to our camera-trapping data and estimated 172-377 individuals to be present on the island. Activity patterns and habitat data indicate that S. blouchi is mainly nocturnal and prefers community forests and areas near forest borders. Next to this, we found a positive relationship between S. blouchi occupancy, distance to nearest border, litter depth and tree density in the highest ranking occupancy models. Although these relationships proved non-significant based on model averaging, their presence in the top ranking models suggests that these covariables do play a role in predicting S. blouchi occurrence on Bawean. The estimated amount of sites occupied reached 58%. Based on our results, especially the estimation of the population size and area of occupancy, we determine that the species is Endangered according to the IUCN/SSC Red List criteria.
    Schlagwörter Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 333
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  7. Artikel ; Online: Pangolins in global camera trap data

    Khwaja, Hannah / Buchan, Claire / Wearn, Oliver R. / Bahaa-el-din, Laila / Bantlin, Drew / Bernard, Henry / Bitariho, Robert / Bohm, Torsten / Borah, Jimmy / Brodie, Jedediah / Chutipong, Wanlop / du Preez, Byron / Ebang-Mbele, Alex / Edwards, Sarah / Fairet, Emilie / Frechette, Jackson L. / Garside, Adrian / Gibson, Luke / Giordano, Anthony /
    Veeraswami Gopi, Govindan / Granados, Alys / Gubbi, Sanjay / Harich, Franziska / Haurez, Barbara / Havmøller, Rasmus W. / Helmy, Olga / Isbell, Lynne A. / Jenks, Kate / Kalle, Riddhika / Kamjing, Anucha / Khamcha, Daphawan / Kiebou-Opepa, Cisquet / Kinnaird, Margaret / Kruger, Caroline / Laudisoit, Anne / Lynam, Antony / Macdonald, Suzanne E. / Mathai, John / Sienne, Julia Metsio / Meier, Amelia / Mills, David / Mohd-Azlan, Jayasilan / Nakashima, Yoshihiro / Nash, Helen C. / Ngoprasert, Dusit / Nguyen, An / O'Brien, Tim / Olson, David / Orbell, Christopher / Poulsen, John / Ramesh, Tharmalingam / Reeder, Dee Ann / Reyna, Rafael / Rich, Lindsey N. / Rode-Margono, Johanna / Rovero, Francesco / Sheil, Douglas / Shirley, Matthew H. / Stratford, Ken / Sukumal, Niti / Suwanrat, Saranphat / Tantipisanuh, Naruemon / Tilker, Andrew / Van Berkel, Tim / Van der Weyde, Leanne K. / Varney, Matthew / Weise, Florian / Wiesel, Ingrid / Wilting, Andreas / Wong, Seth T. / Waterman, Carly / Challender, Daniel W.S.

    Global Ecology and Conservation

    Implications for ecological monitoring

    2019  Band 20

    Abstract: Despite being heavily exploited, pangolins (Pholidota: Manidae) have been subject to limited research, resulting in a lack of reliable population estimates and standardised survey methods for the eight extant species. Camera trapping represents a unique ... ...

    Abstract Despite being heavily exploited, pangolins (Pholidota: Manidae) have been subject to limited research, resulting in a lack of reliable population estimates and standardised survey methods for the eight extant species. Camera trapping represents a unique opportunity for broad-scale collaborative species monitoring due to its largely non-discriminatory nature, which creates considerable volumes of data on a relatively wide range of species. This has the potential to shed light on the ecology of rare, cryptic and understudied taxa, with implications for conservation decision-making. We undertook a global analysis of available pangolin data from camera trapping studies across their range in Africa and Asia. Our aims were (1) to assess the utility of existing camera trapping efforts as a method for monitoring pangolin populations, and (2) to gain insights into the distribution and ecology of pangolins. We analysed data collated from 103 camera trap surveys undertaken across 22 countries that fell within the range of seven of the eight pangolin species, which yielded more than half a million trap nights and 888 pangolin encounters. We ran occupancy analyses on three species (Sunda pangolin Manis javanica, white-bellied pangolin Phataginus tricuspis and giant pangolin Smutsia gigantea). Detection probabilities varied with forest cover and levels of human influence for P. tricuspis, but were low (<0.05) for all species. Occupancy was associated with distance from rivers for M. javanica and S. gigantea, elevation for P. tricuspis and S. gigantea, forest cover for P. tricuspis and protected area status for M. javanica and P. tricuspis. We conclude that camera traps are suitable for the detection of pangolins and large-scale assessment of their distributions. However, the trapping effort required to monitor populations at any given study site using existing methods appears prohibitively high. This may change in the future should anticipated technological and methodological advances in camera trapping facilitate greater ...
    Schlagwörter Camera trap ; Detection ; Macroecology ; Monitoring ; Occupancy modelling ; Pangolin
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 333
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsland nl
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2814786-8
    ISSN 2351-9894
    ISSN 2351-9894
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  8. Artikel: Pangolins in global camera trap data: Implications for ecological monitoring

    Khwaja, Hannah / Bahaa-EL-Din, Laila / Bantlin, Drew / Berkel, Tim Van / Bernard, Henry / Bitariho, Robert / Bohm, Torsten / Borah, Jimmy / Brodie, Jedediah / Buchan, Claire / Challender, DanielW.S / Chutipong, Wanlop / David, M.I.L.L.S / Ebang-Mbele, Alex / Edwards, Sarah / Fairet, Emilie / Frechette, Jackson L / Garside, Adrian / Gibson, Luke /
    Giordano, Anthony / Granados, Alys / Gubbi, Sanjay / Harich, Franziska / Haurez, Barbara / Havmøller, Rasmus W / Helmy, Olga / Isbell, Lynne A / Jenks, Kate / Kalle, Riddhika / Kamjing, Anucha / Khamcha, Daphawan / Kiebou-Opepa, Cisquet / Kinnaird, Margaret / Kruger, Caroline / Laudisoit, Anne / Lynam, Antony / Macdonald, Suzanne E / Mathai, John / Meier, Amelia / Mohd-Azlan, Jayasilan / Nakashima, Yoshihiro / Nash, Helen C / Ngoprasert, Dusit / Nguyen, An / O’Brien, Tim / Olson, David / Orbell, Christopher / Poulsen, John / Preez, Byron DU / Ramesh, Tharmalingam / Reeder, DeeAnn / Reyna, Rafael / Rich, Lindsey N / Rode-Margono, Johanna / Rovero, Francesco / Sheil, Douglas / Shirley, Matthew H / Sienne, Julia Metsio / Stratford, Ken / Sukumal, Niti / Suwanrat, Saranphat / Tantipisanuh, Naruemon / Tilker, Andrew / Varney, Matthew / Veeraswami GOPI, Govindan / Waterman, Carly / Wearn, Oliver R / Weise, Florian / Weyde, LeanneK. Vander / Wiesel, Ingrid / Wilting, Andreas / Wong, Seth T

    Global ecology and conservation. 2019 Aug. 31,

    2019  

    Abstract: Despite being heavily exploited, pangolins (Pholidota: Manidae) have been subject to limited research, resulting in a lack of reliable population estimates and standardised survey methods for the eight extant species. Camera trapping represents a unique ... ...

    Abstract Despite being heavily exploited, pangolins (Pholidota: Manidae) have been subject to limited research, resulting in a lack of reliable population estimates and standardised survey methods for the eight extant species. Camera trapping represents a unique opportunity for broad-scale collaborative species monitoring due to its largely non-discriminatory nature, which creates considerable volumes of data on a relatively wide range of species. This has the potential to shed light on the ecology of rare, cryptic and understudied taxa, with implications for conservation decision-making. We undertook a global analysis of available pangolin data from camera trapping studies across their range in Africa and Asia. Our aims were (1) to assess the utility of existing camera trapping efforts as a method for monitoring pangolin populations, and (2) to gain insights into the distribution and ecology of pangolins. We analysed data collated from 103 camera trap surveys undertaken across 22 countries that fell within the range of seven of the eight pangolin species, which yielded more than half a million trap nights and 888 pangolin encounters. We ran occupancy analyses on three species (Sunda pangolin Manis javanica, white-bellied pangolin Phataginus tricuspis and giant pangolin Smutsia gigantea). Detection probabilities varied with forest cover and levels of human influence for P. tricuspis, but were low (<0.05) for all species. Occupancy was associated with distance from rivers for M. javanica and S. gigantea, elevation for P. tricuspis and S. gigantea, forest cover for P. tricuspis and protected area status for M. javanica and P. tricuspis. We conclude that camera traps are suitable for the detection of pangolins and large-scale assessment of their distributions. However, the trapping effort required to monitor populations at any given study site using existing methods appears prohibitively high. This may change in the future should anticipated technological and methodological advances in camera trapping facilitate greater sampling efforts and/or higher probabilities of detection. In particular, targeted camera placement for pangolins is likely to make pangolin monitoring more feasible with moderate sampling efforts.
    Schlagwörter camera trapping ; cameras ; conservation areas ; decision making ; ecology ; forests ; humans ; Manis gigantea ; Manis javanica ; rivers ; surveys ; trapping ; Africa ; Asia
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsverlauf 2019-0831
    Erscheinungsort Elsevier B.V.
    Dokumenttyp Artikel
    Anmerkung Pre-press version
    ZDB-ID 2814786-8
    ISSN 2351-9894
    ISSN 2351-9894
    DOI 10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00769
    Datenquelle NAL Katalog (AGRICOLA)

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  9. Artikel: Noxious arthropods as potential prey of the venomous Javan slow loris (Nycticebus javanicus) in a West Javan volcanic agricultural system

    Rode-Margono, E. Johanna / Rademaker, M. / Wirdateti / Strijkstra, A. / Nekaris, K.A.I.

    Journal of natural history

    Band v. 49,, Heft no. 3

    Abstract: Arthropods play a significant role in ecosystems as prey for animals such as insectivorous primates ...

    Abstract Arthropods play a significant role in ecosystems as prey for animals such as insectivorous primates. The venomous Javan slow loris (Nycticebus javanicus) is a nocturnal primate endemic to the island of Java, Indonesia. It remains unknown if its venom is partially sequestered from noxious arthropod prey. We studied the little-known arthropod community in a rural agriculture system in West Java, Indonesia, in order to investigate the potential prey and source for sequestration of venom. We found specimens of the partially noxious insect orders Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Orthoptera and of the class Arachnida in slow loris foraging trees in an agricultural area in West Java, Indonesia. To examine the effects of environmental conditions on the abundance of this food source, arthropods were trapped every two weeks for five months, using sweep net transects, Malaise and pitfall traps. Trap type had a significant effect on taxa caught. Wind strength negatively affected the number of Lepidoptera captured in the Malaise trap and humidity had a confounding effect on Orthoptera caught by sweep net. Despite the short-term nature of our study, by using a combination of trapping methods, we identified a relatively high diversity of insects in a human-dominated landscape. Our results can be used as a basis to understand the proximate and ultimate factors shaping the use of venom by the slow loris as a primate.
    Schlagwörter environmental factors ; pitfall traps ; Arachnida ; Coleoptera ; ecosystems ; insects ; Primates ; Hemiptera ; Lepidoptera ; humidity ; trapping ; Orthoptera ; sweep nets ; arthropods ; arthropod communities ; foraging ; venoms ; trees ; landscapes ; Hymenoptera ; insectivores
    Sprache Englisch
    Dokumenttyp Artikel
    ISSN 1464-5262
    Datenquelle AGRIS - International Information System for the Agricultural Sciences and Technology

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