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Article: Smaug regulates germ plasm synthesis and primordial germ cell number in Drosophila embryos by repressing the

Siddiqui, Najeeb U / Karaiskakis, Angelo / Goldman, Aaron L / Eagle, Whitby V I / Smibert, Craig A / Gavis, Elizabeth R / Lipshitz, Howard D

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2023

Abstract: During Drosophila oogenesis, the Oskar (OSK) RNA-binding protein (RBP) determines the amount of germ plasm that assembles at the posterior pole of the oocyte. Here we identify the mechanisms that regulate ... ...

Abstract	During Drosophila oogenesis, the Oskar (OSK) RNA-binding protein (RBP) determines the amount of germ plasm that assembles at the posterior pole of the oocyte. Here we identify the mechanisms that regulate the
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2023.02.27.530189
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Article ; Online: Smaug regulates germ plasm assembly and primordial germ cell number in Drosophila embryos.

Siddiqui, Najeeb U / Karaiskakis, Angelo / Goldman, Aaron L / Eagle, Whitby V I / Low, Timothy C H / Luo, Hua / Smibert, Craig A / Gavis, Elizabeth R / Lipshitz, Howard D

Science advances

2024 Volume 10, Issue 15, Page(s) eadg7894

Abstract: During Drosophila oogenesis, the Oskar (OSK) RNA binding protein (RBP) determines the amount of germ plasm that assembles at the posterior pole of the oocyte. Here, we identify mechanisms that subsequently regulate germ plasm assembly in the early embryo. ...

Abstract	During Drosophila oogenesis, the Oskar (OSK) RNA binding protein (RBP) determines the amount of germ plasm that assembles at the posterior pole of the oocyte. Here, we identify mechanisms that subsequently regulate germ plasm assembly in the early embryo. We show that the Smaug (SMG) RBP is transported into the germ plasm of the early embryo where it accumulates in the germ granules. SMG binds to and represses translation of the
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Drosophila ; Cytoplasm ; Germ Cells ; Lizards ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Cell Count
Chemical Substances	RNA, Messenger
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2810933-8
ISSN	2375-2548 ; 2375-2548
ISSN (online)	2375-2548
ISSN	2375-2548
DOI	10.1126/sciadv.adg7894
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Article ; Online: Recommendations from the AML molecular MRD expert advisory board.

Scott, Stuart / Devonshire, Alison / Dillon, Richard / Thiede, Christian / Cross, Nicholas C P / White, Helen E / Lo Cascio, Leandro / Mokretar, Katya / Potter, Nicola / Hourigan, Christopher S / Radich, Jerald / Corner, Adam / Laloux, Véronique / Halliday, Gemma / Dilks, Daniel / Morrison, Tom / Gilmour, Katelyn / Cartwright, Ashley / Whitby, Liam

Leukemia

2024

Language	English
Publishing date	2024-05-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	807030-1
ISSN	1476-5551 ; 0887-6924
ISSN (online)	1476-5551
ISSN	0887-6924
DOI	10.1038/s41375-024-02275-x
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Article ; Online: Bats increased foraging activity at experimental prey patches near hibernacula

Winifred F. Frick / Yvonne A. Dzal / Kristin A. Jonasson / Michael D. Whitby / Amanda M. Adams / Christen Long / John E. Depue / Christian M. Newman / Craig K. R. Willis / Tina L. Cheng

Ecological Solutions and Evidence, Vol 4, Iss 1, Pp n/a-n/a (2023)

2023

Abstract: Abstract Emerging infectious diseases in wildlife can threaten vulnerable host populations. Actions targeting habitat improvements to aid population resilience and recovery may be beneficial long‐term strategies, yet testing the efficacy of such ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Emerging infectious diseases in wildlife can threaten vulnerable host populations. Actions targeting habitat improvements to aid population resilience and recovery may be beneficial long‐term strategies, yet testing the efficacy of such strategies before major conservation investments are made can be challenging. The disease white‐nose syndrome (WNS) has caused severe declines in several species of North American hibernating bats. We tested a novel conservation approach targeted at improving foraging conditions near bat hibernacula by experimentally manipulating insect density in the pre‐hibernation fattening period and spring emergence recovery period. We measured foraging (feeding buzzes) and echolocation activity of little brown bats Myotis lucifugus at ultraviolet (UV) light lures to determine behavioural response to augmented foraging conditions and characterized insect availability at UV light lures. In the fall, bat foraging activity was three times greater (95% CI: 1.5–5.8; p = 0.002) when UV lights were on, but there was no statistical support for differences in echolocation activity response when our experimental design alternated between nights with lights on and off. In the spring, we allowed UV light lures to run consistently each night and compared with a control location in similar habitat. Bat foraging activity was 8.5 times greater (95% CI: 4.5–16.0; p < 0.0001) and echolocation activity was 4.4 times higher (95% CI: 3.0–6.5; p < 0.0001) at UV light lures in the spring experiment. In both the fall and spring, UV light lures resulted in concentrated insect availability, attracting primarily moths (Order: Lepidoptera). In both seasons, nightly temperature had a strong influence on bat foraging, echolocation and insect activity. We show that a bat species threatened by WNS used enhanced foraging habitats near hibernacula during the critical pre‐ and post‐hibernation phases of their annual cycle. While light lures are unlikely to be a long‐term management strategy, our experiment ...
Keywords	bats ; conservation evidence ; foraging behaviour ; habitat protection ; habitat restoration ; insect prey ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350 ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
Subject code	590 ; 333
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wiley
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Effects of Maternal HIV Infection on Early Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Seroconversion in a Kenyan Mother-Infant Cohort.

Sabourin, Katherine R / Ogolla, Sidney / Reyes, Gabriela Samayoa / Daud, Ibrahim / Jackson, Conner L / Labo, Nazzarena / Miley, Wendell / Whitby, Denise / Lamb, Molly M / Rochford, Rosemary / Dent, Arlene

The Journal of infectious diseases

2023 Volume 228, Issue 10, Page(s) 1357–1366

Abstract: Background: We identified whether maternal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection during pregnancy affects transplacental transfer of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)-specific antibodies and subsequent infant infection.: Methods: We ...

Abstract	Background: We identified whether maternal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection during pregnancy affects transplacental transfer of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)-specific antibodies and subsequent infant infection. Methods: We followed pregnant Kenyan women through delivery and their infants until age 2 years. Children were classified as HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) or HIV-unexposed uninfected (HUU) based on maternal HIV status. Maternal venous and cord blood at delivery and child venous blood every 6 months were tested for antibodies to 20 KSHV antigens by multiplex bead-based immunoassay. Multiple comparisons were adjusted using false discovery rate (FDR). Results: Maternal HIV infection was significantly associated with decreased transplacental transfer of antibodies against all KSHV antigens and lower cord blood levels for 8 antigens at FDR P < .10. Neither birth to 6-month antibody level changes nor 6-month levels differed in HEU and HUU, except for ORF50. By age 24 months, 74% of children KSHV seroconverted but HEU and HUU did not differ in time to seroconversion nor 2-year seropositivity after adjustment for child malaria infection. Conclusions: Maternal HIV infection reduced a child's initial KSHV antibody levels but did not affect age of infection. Regardless of HIV exposure in utero, KSHV seroconversion in Kenyan children occurred early; associated factors must be identified.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Pregnancy ; Humans ; Infant ; Female ; Child, Preschool ; Herpesvirus 8, Human ; HIV Infections ; Kenya/epidemiology ; Mothers ; Seroconversion ; HIV Seropositivity/complications ; Sarcoma, Kaposi
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	3019-3
ISSN	1537-6613 ; 0022-1899
ISSN (online)	1537-6613
ISSN	0022-1899
DOI	10.1093/infdis/jiad310
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Article ; Online: Author Correction: Selective inhibitors of JAK1 targeting an isoform-restricted allosteric cysteine.

Kavanagh, Madeline E / Horning, Benjamin D / Khattri, Roli / Roy, Nilotpal / Lu, Justine P / Whitby, Landon R / Ye, Elva / Brannon, Jaclyn C / Parker, Albert / Chick, Joel M / Eissler, Christie L / Wong, Ashley J / Rodriguez, Joe L / Rodiles, Socorro / Masuda, Kim / Teijaro, John R / Simon, Gabriel M / Patricelli, Matthew P / Cravatt, Benjamin F

Nature chemical biology

2022 Volume 18, Issue 11, Page(s) 1288

Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	2202962-X
ISSN	1552-4469 ; 1552-4450
ISSN (online)	1552-4469
ISSN	1552-4450
DOI	10.1038/s41589-022-01181-6
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Article ; Online: Bacteriophage-nanocomposites: an easy and reproducible method for the construction, handling, storage and transport of conjugates for deployment of bacteriophages active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Cooper, Ian R / Illsley, Matthew / Korobeinyk, Alina V / Whitby, Raymond L D

Journal of microbiological methods

2015 Volume 111, Page(s) 111–118

Abstract: The purpose of this work was proof of concept to develop a novel, cost effective protocol for the binding of bacteriophages to a surface without loss of function, after storage in various media. The technology platform involved covalently bonding ... ...

Abstract	The purpose of this work was proof of concept to develop a novel, cost effective protocol for the binding of bacteriophages to a surface without loss of function, after storage in various media. The technology platform involved covalently bonding bacteriophage 13 (a Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriophage) to two magnetised multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffolds using a series of buffers; bacteriophage-nanotube (B-N) conjugates were efficacious after storage at 20 °C for six weeks. B-N conjugates were added to human cell culture in vitro for 9 days without causing necrosis and apoptosis. B-N conjugates were frozen (-20 °C) in cell culture media for several weeks, after which recovery from the human cell culture medium was possible using a simple magnetic separation technique. The retention of viral infective potential was demonstrated by subsequent spread plating onto lawns of susceptible P. aeruginosa. Analysis of the human cell culture medium revealed the production of interleukins by the human fibroblasts upon exposure to the bacteriophage. One day after exposure, IL-8 levels transitorily increased between 60 and 100 pg/mL, but this level was not found on any subsequent days, suggesting an initial but not long lasting response. This paper outlines the development of a method to deliver antimicrobial activity to a surface that is small enough to be combined with other materials. To our knowledge at time of publication, this is the first report of magnetically coupled bacteriophages specific to human pathogens which can be recovered from test systems, and could represent a novel means to conditionally deploy antibacterial agents into living eukaryotic systems without the risks of some antibiotic therapies.
MeSH term(s)	Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media ; Ferric Compounds ; Ferrosoferric Oxide ; Fibroblasts/immunology ; Fibroblasts/virology ; Humans ; Interleukin-8/immunology ; Interleukin-8/metabolism ; Magnetic Phenomena ; Nanocomposites/economics ; Nanocomposites/virology ; Nanotubes, Carbon/economics ; Nanotubes, Carbon/virology ; Pseudomonas Phages/chemistry ; Pseudomonas Phages/physiology ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/growth & development ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/virology
Chemical Substances	Culture Media ; Ferric Compounds ; Interleukin-8 ; Nanotubes, Carbon ; ferric oxide (1K09F3G675) ; Ferrosoferric Oxide (XM0M87F357)
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-04
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	604916-3
ISSN	1872-8359 ; 0167-7012
ISSN (online)	1872-8359
ISSN	0167-7012
DOI	10.1016/j.mimet.2015.02.005
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Article ; Online: Selective inhibitors of JAK1 targeting an isoform-restricted allosteric cysteine.

Nature chemical biology

2022 Volume 18, Issue 12, Page(s) 1388–1398

Abstract: The Janus tyrosine kinase (JAK) family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases includes four isoforms (JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2) and is responsible for signal transduction downstream of diverse cytokine receptors. JAK inhibitors have emerged as important ... ...

Abstract	The Janus tyrosine kinase (JAK) family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases includes four isoforms (JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2) and is responsible for signal transduction downstream of diverse cytokine receptors. JAK inhibitors have emerged as important therapies for immun(onc)ological disorders, but their use is limited by undesirable side effects presumed to arise from poor isoform selectivity, a common challenge for inhibitors targeting the ATP-binding pocket of kinases. Here we describe the chemical proteomic discovery of a druggable allosteric cysteine present in the non-catalytic pseudokinase domain of JAK1 (C817) and TYK2 (C838), but absent from JAK2 or JAK3. Electrophilic compounds selectively engaging this site block JAK1-dependent trans-phosphorylation and cytokine signaling, while appearing to act largely as 'silent' ligands for TYK2. Importantly, the allosteric JAK1 inhibitors do not impair JAK2-dependent cytokine signaling and are inactive in cells expressing a C817A JAK1 mutant. Our findings thus reveal an allosteric approach for inhibiting JAK1 with unprecedented isoform selectivity.
MeSH term(s)	Cysteine ; Proteomics ; Signal Transduction ; Cytokines ; Protein Isoforms
Chemical Substances	Cysteine (K848JZ4886) ; Cytokines ; Protein Isoforms
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2202962-X
ISSN	1552-4469 ; 1552-4450
ISSN (online)	1552-4469
ISSN	1552-4450
DOI	10.1038/s41589-022-01098-0
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Article ; Online: Assessment of acute myeloid leukemia molecular measurable residual disease testing in an interlaboratory study.

Scott, Stuart / Dillon, Richard / Thiede, Christian / Sadiq, Sadia / Cartwright, Ashley / Clouston, Hazel J / Travis, Debbie / Mokretar, Katya / Potter, Nicola / Chantry, Andrew / Whitby, Liam

Blood advances

2022 Volume 7, Issue 14, Page(s) 3686–3694

Abstract: The European LeukaemiaNet (ELN) measurable residual disease (MRD) working group has published consensus guidelines to standardize molecular genetic MRD testing of the t(8;21)(q22;q22.1) RUNX1::RUNX1T1, inv(16)(p13.1q22) CBFB::MYH11, t(15;17)(q24.1;q21.2) ...

Abstract	The European LeukaemiaNet (ELN) measurable residual disease (MRD) working group has published consensus guidelines to standardize molecular genetic MRD testing of the t(8;21)(q22;q22.1) RUNX1::RUNX1T1, inv(16)(p13.1q22) CBFB::MYH11, t(15;17)(q24.1;q21.2) PML::RARA, and NPM1 type A markers. A study featuring 29 international laboratories was performed to assess interlaboratory variation in testing and the subsequent interpretation of results, both crucial to patient safety. Most participants in this study were able to detect, accurately quantify, and correctly interpret MRD testing results, with a level of proficiency expected from a clinical trial or standard-of-care setting. However, a few testing and interpretive errors were identified that, in a patient setting, would have led to misclassification of patient outcomes and inappropriate treatment pathways being followed. Of note, a high proportion of participants reported false-positive results in the NPM1 marker-negative sample. False-positive results may have clinical consequences, committing patients to unneeded additional chemotherapy and/or transplant with the attendant risk of morbidity and mortality, which therefore highlights the need for ongoing external quality assessment/proficiency testing in this area. Most errors identified in the study were related to the interpretation of results. It was noted that the ELN guidance lacks clarity for certain clinical scenarios and highlights the requirement for urgent revision of the guidelines to elucidate these issues and related educational efforts around the revisions to ensure effective dissemination.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism ; Longitudinal Studies ; Neoplasm, Residual/diagnosis ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics
Chemical Substances	Nuclear Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2915908-8
ISSN	2473-9537 ; 2473-9529
ISSN (online)	2473-9537
ISSN	2473-9529
DOI	10.1182/bloodadvances.2022009379
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Article: Oral Shedding of an Oncogenic Virus Alters the Oral Microbiome in HIV+ Patients.

Dai, Lu / Lu, Yong-Chen / Chen, Jungang / Plaisance-Bonstaff, Karlie / Mu, Shengyu / Forrest, J Craig / Whitby, Denise / Post, Steven R / Qin, Zhiqiang

Frontiers in microbiology

2022 Volume 13, Page(s) 882520

Abstract: Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) caused by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) continues to be the most common AIDS-associated tumor. Involvement of the oral cavity represents one of the most common clinical manifestations of this tumor. Numerous types ... ...

Abstract	Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) caused by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) continues to be the most common AIDS-associated tumor. Involvement of the oral cavity represents one of the most common clinical manifestations of this tumor. Numerous types of cancer are associated with the alterations of in components of the microbiome. However, little is known about how KSHV coinfection affects the oral microbiome in HIV+ patients, especially in a "pre-cancer" niche. Using 16S rRNA pyrosequencing, we found that oral shedding of KSHV correlated with altered oral microbiome signatures in HIV+ patients, including a reduction in the microbiota diversity, changing the relative composition of specific phyla and species, and regulating microbial functions. Furthermore, we found that
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2587354-4
ISSN	1664-302X
ISSN	1664-302X
DOI	10.3389/fmicb.2022.882520
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